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Sentence structure powerpoint

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Raja Mohan Krisnan
Raja Mohan Krisnan

This document provides information on how to vary sentence structure to make writing more interesting. It discusses using simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. Simple sentences contain one independent clause, while compound sentences contain two independent clauses joined with a conjunction. Complex sentences have one independent clause and one dependent clause. Compound-complex sentences contain two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. The document provides examples of each sentence type and guidelines for using commas with different clauses.

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Sentence Structure
Adding Variety to Sentence Structure To make your writing more interesting and give it a distinct VOICE, you should try to vary your sentences in terms of length and structure. You can make some of your sentences long and others short. Read the two paragraphs on the next page.
Two Paragraphs Read the paragraphs below. Choose the paragraph that is more effective. I love living in the city. I have a wonderful view of the entire city. I have an apartment. I can see the Golden Gate Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the bridge each day. I like the restaurants in San Francisco. I can find wonderful food from just about every country. I don’t like the traffic in the city. I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a wonderful view of the entire city from my apartment window. In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge under which many cargo ships pass each day. I also like San Francisco because I can find wonderful restaurants with food from just about every country; however, I don’t like the traffic in the city.
How do you vary sentence structure? You will want to use a variety of sentence structures in your writing. There are four types of sentences we will study in this lesson: - Simple Sentence - Compound Sentence - Complex Sentence - Compound/Complex Sentence
Think of a complete sentence like this….
Most of the time our ideas include more details. We add extra words to the wheels. *The neighborhood children play basketball at the community center. *Students in the biology lab studied cells under an electron microscope
The Simple Sentence A simple sentence has one independent clause (one subject and a verb): I live in San Francisco. Subject Verb
Compound Sentence A compound sentence contains two independent clauses that are joined together. She works in the city, but she lives in the suburbs. Independent Clause Independent Clause
If there is a missing subject or missing verb……  The sentence is considered a fragment….. • Examples: • Went to the store. • Before I take my test. • The best class in the world! • Over the river and through the woods. • James, a student in first block.
Compound Sentence You can make a compound sentence by joining two logically related independent clauses by using… - a semicolon - a coordinating conjunction - a transition
Using a Semicolon Independent Clause ; Independent Clause I love living in the city ; there are so many things to do. Independent Clause Independent Clause
Using a Coordinating Conjunction Independent Clause ,coordinating conjunction Independent Clause He couldn’t watch the show , so he decided to tape it. Independent Clause Independent Clause
FANBOYS  For  F  And  A  Nor  N  But  B  Or  O  Yet  Y  So  S Easy way to remember conjunctions…
CAUTION! Do NOT use a comma every time you use the words and, or, but, nor, for, so, yet. Use a comma only when the coordinating conjunction joins two independent clauses. Independent Clause No comma- not an independent clause The necklace was beautiful but expensive. Simple Sentence
Quick comma lesson  Only use a comma to separate two independent clauses joined by a conjunction.  Comma? Simple or Complex Sentence? • After school I am going to the store and to the mall. • I like to watch baseball games and she likes to watch football games. • English class is my favorite subject and my best subject. • Jamie bought all of her materials for school and she covered all of her books last night. • My brother drove me to school and dropped me off.
Using a Transition Independent Clause ; transition , Independent Clause I love San Francisco ; however, I hate the traffic. Independent Clause Independent Clause Click here to see lists of transitions.
Back to our bike…. Sometimes our bike needs “accessories” to help us get where we need to go.  Dependent clauses cannot stand alone. They are like baskets that need to be attached to a basic sentence.
For example… When the music began Everyone started to dance. When the music began, everyone started to dance.
John cannot set up his typewriter because the wall has no outlet. Complex Sentences A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause. Independent Clause Dependent ClauseSubordinating Conjunction
Quick Overview of Clauses  Adjective clauses (tell what kind or which one)  Start with- that, which, who, whom, whose, before, since, when, where, why. • Example: • The sun never shines on days when I can enjoy it. • We ate cookies that were made from rice. *Set off by commas only when meaning is not essential to the sentence.
Overview of clauses…  Adverb clauses (tells where, when, in what way, to what extent under what condition or why)  List of subordinating conjunctions  After, since, when, although, so, that, whenever, as, supposing, where, because, than, whereas, before, that, wherever, but, that, though, whether, if, though, which, in order, that, till, while, lest, unless, who, no matter, until, why, how, what, even though  Example: I will help you with your history whenever you ask. He ran as if he had a twisted ankle. Jean wanted to stay longer because the band was good. *If clause is at the beginning or in the middle Of sentence it needs to be set off by commas
Overview of clauses…  Noun clauses (functions as the noun)  Subject: • Whomever you bring will be welcome  Direct Object: • The nomads can find whatever water is in the desert.  Indirect Object: • The teacher gave whoever presented an oral report extra credit.  Predicate Nominative: • The big question is whether he will be allowed to play on the team.  Object of a Preposition: • They store their food in plastic or whatever containers they have.
Example- Complex Sentence A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause. She will go to school in the city until she finds a job. Independent Clause Dependent ClauseSubordinating Conjunction
When I first moved to the city, I was afraid to drive the steep and narrow streets. Complex Sentences Use a comma after a dependent clause if it begins the sentence. Subordinating Conjunction Independent Clause Use a comma if the dependent clause is the first part of the sentence.
Compound-Complex Sentence  Consists of two or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clauses. IND. CLAUSE After a year, the first child is born, and the IND. CLAUSE baby receives the name DEP. CLAUSE that the doll was given DEP. CLAUSE when the bride was married
Practice ExercisesPractice Exercises Now you are ready to practice what you’ve learned. 1. Diamonds and pearls are mined in different places. 2. When the lights went out, we felt extremely uneasy, but we always knew that morning would eventually come. 3. No one answered the phone when she called us. 4. The doll that the bride carries doesn’t have arms. 5. Stand read the book Friday; he wrote his essay today.

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Sentence structure powerpoint

  • 2. Adding Variety to Sentence Structure To make your writing more interesting and give it a distinct VOICE, you should try to vary your sentences in terms of length and structure. You can make some of your sentences long and others short. Read the two paragraphs on the next page.
  • 3. Two Paragraphs Read the paragraphs below. Choose the paragraph that is more effective. I love living in the city. I have a wonderful view of the entire city. I have an apartment. I can see the Golden Gate Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the bridge each day. I like the restaurants in San Francisco. I can find wonderful food from just about every country. I don’t like the traffic in the city. I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a wonderful view of the entire city from my apartment window. In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge under which many cargo ships pass each day. I also like San Francisco because I can find wonderful restaurants with food from just about every country; however, I don’t like the traffic in the city.
  • 4. How do you vary sentence structure? You will want to use a variety of sentence structures in your writing. There are four types of sentences we will study in this lesson: - Simple Sentence - Compound Sentence - Complex Sentence - Compound/Complex Sentence
  • 5. Think of a complete sentence like this….
  • 6. Most of the time our ideas include more details. We add extra words to the wheels. *The neighborhood children play basketball at the community center. *Students in the biology lab studied cells under an electron microscope
  • 7. The Simple Sentence A simple sentence has one independent clause (one subject and a verb): I live in San Francisco. Subject Verb
  • 8. Compound Sentence A compound sentence contains two independent clauses that are joined together. She works in the city, but she lives in the suburbs. Independent Clause Independent Clause
  • 9. If there is a missing subject or missing verb……  The sentence is considered a fragment….. • Examples: • Went to the store. • Before I take my test. • The best class in the world! • Over the river and through the woods. • James, a student in first block.
  • 10. Compound Sentence You can make a compound sentence by joining two logically related independent clauses by using… - a semicolon - a coordinating conjunction - a transition
  • 11. Using a Semicolon Independent Clause ; Independent Clause I love living in the city ; there are so many things to do. Independent Clause Independent Clause
  • 12. Using a Coordinating Conjunction Independent Clause ,coordinating conjunction Independent Clause He couldn’t watch the show , so he decided to tape it. Independent Clause Independent Clause
  • 13. FANBOYS  For  F  And  A  Nor  N  But  B  Or  O  Yet  Y  So  S Easy way to remember conjunctions…
  • 14. CAUTION! Do NOT use a comma every time you use the words and, or, but, nor, for, so, yet. Use a comma only when the coordinating conjunction joins two independent clauses. Independent Clause No comma- not an independent clause The necklace was beautiful but expensive. Simple Sentence
  • 15. Quick comma lesson  Only use a comma to separate two independent clauses joined by a conjunction.  Comma? Simple or Complex Sentence? • After school I am going to the store and to the mall. • I like to watch baseball games and she likes to watch football games. • English class is my favorite subject and my best subject. • Jamie bought all of her materials for school and she covered all of her books last night. • My brother drove me to school and dropped me off.
  • 16. Using a Transition Independent Clause ; transition , Independent Clause I love San Francisco ; however, I hate the traffic. Independent Clause Independent Clause Click here to see lists of transitions.
  • 17. Back to our bike…. Sometimes our bike needs “accessories” to help us get where we need to go.  Dependent clauses cannot stand alone. They are like baskets that need to be attached to a basic sentence.
  • 18. For example… When the music began Everyone started to dance. When the music began, everyone started to dance.
  • 19. John cannot set up his typewriter because the wall has no outlet. Complex Sentences A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause. Independent Clause Dependent ClauseSubordinating Conjunction
  • 20. Quick Overview of Clauses  Adjective clauses (tell what kind or which one)  Start with- that, which, who, whom, whose, before, since, when, where, why. • Example: • The sun never shines on days when I can enjoy it. • We ate cookies that were made from rice. *Set off by commas only when meaning is not essential to the sentence.
  • 21. Overview of clauses…  Adverb clauses (tells where, when, in what way, to what extent under what condition or why)  List of subordinating conjunctions  After, since, when, although, so, that, whenever, as, supposing, where, because, than, whereas, before, that, wherever, but, that, though, whether, if, though, which, in order, that, till, while, lest, unless, who, no matter, until, why, how, what, even though  Example: I will help you with your history whenever you ask. He ran as if he had a twisted ankle. Jean wanted to stay longer because the band was good. *If clause is at the beginning or in the middle Of sentence it needs to be set off by commas
  • 22. Overview of clauses…  Noun clauses (functions as the noun)  Subject: • Whomever you bring will be welcome  Direct Object: • The nomads can find whatever water is in the desert.  Indirect Object: • The teacher gave whoever presented an oral report extra credit.  Predicate Nominative: • The big question is whether he will be allowed to play on the team.  Object of a Preposition: • They store their food in plastic or whatever containers they have.
  • 23. Example- Complex Sentence A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause. She will go to school in the city until she finds a job. Independent Clause Dependent ClauseSubordinating Conjunction
  • 24. When I first moved to the city, I was afraid to drive the steep and narrow streets. Complex Sentences Use a comma after a dependent clause if it begins the sentence. Subordinating Conjunction Independent Clause Use a comma if the dependent clause is the first part of the sentence.
  • 25. Compound-Complex Sentence  Consists of two or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clauses. IND. CLAUSE After a year, the first child is born, and the IND. CLAUSE baby receives the name DEP. CLAUSE that the doll was given DEP. CLAUSE when the bride was married
  • 26. Practice ExercisesPractice Exercises Now you are ready to practice what you’ve learned. 1. Diamonds and pearls are mined in different places. 2. When the lights went out, we felt extremely uneasy, but we always knew that morning would eventually come. 3. No one answered the phone when she called us. 4. The doll that the bride carries doesn’t have arms. 5. Stand read the book Friday; he wrote his essay today.