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Selenium

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Adam Goucher
Adam Goucher

Selenium is a tool for automating web application testing that allows tests to be written in various programming languages; it has multiple components including Selenium IDE for recording and playback of tests in Firefox, and Selenium RC which allows tests to be run from external languages and provides more power and flexibility than the IDE. Tests can be used to check for correct behavior and responses across different browsers and platforms as well as catch regressions.

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Selenium Adam Goucher [email_address]
Lecture Objective Give students an introduction to web automation using the Selenium framework.
What is Selenium? Selenium is a web test tool that runs in the browser Because it runs in the browser, it does exactly what a user does
What tests can Selenium do? Browser compatibility – One script, many browsers Regression
Javascript Selenium is written in Javascript Javascript is how AJAX applications are written, so Selenium can test them too
Where to get it? Selenium can be downloaded and installed for free from http:// www.openqa.org
QTP vs. Selenium QTP is not cross platform, Selenium is QTP costs a lot of money, Selenium is free QTP needs VBScript, Selenium has lots of language bindings The default format of testing in Selenium is HTML QTP can control other types of applications other than web
Multiple Seleniums? There are 3 versions of Selenium Selenium Core – The main component of Selenium Selenium RC – A scripting layer over Selenium Core Selenium IDE – a Firefox extension with record / playback functionality
Selenium IDE Selenium IDE adds a layer of Record / Playback to Selenium Is available for Firefox only
First Script link=sqa clickAndWait Submit01 clickAndWait label=Banking ct_category select qa queryTitle type /jobmining/ open Value Target Command
Checkpoints Of course, scripts wouldn’t be tests if they didn’t check something assert* tests fail the test immediately verify* tests keep track of results and continue the script regardless Job Requirements sdrfasf asserTextPresent Job Description dgds verifyTextPresent
Locators Selenium identifies what a component is through the use of a locator link=name dom=document.images[56] xpath=//table[@id='table1']//tr[4]/td[2] css=a[href="#id3"] Depending on your application, there might be major performance differences
Playback Playback of a single script is handled through the IDE Run – Go as fast as the script can process Walk – Slows down the execution Step – Executes the next step
Test Suites In order to run multiple scripts, you need to chain them together in a Test Suite Just another html table Runs inside Firefox, but not in S-IDE Saved in the same directory as the tests that are included in it
Test Suites <table> <tr> <td>Job Search test suite</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a target=&quot;testFrame&quot; href=“selenium-ide-01.html&quot;>Job Search</a></td> </tr> </table>
Test Suites The URL has a specific format chrome://selenium-ide/content/selenium/TestRunner.html?baseURL=http://your_hose:port&test=file:///c://temp/qa109/testsuite.html&auto=true&multiWindow=false
Selenium RC Selenium IDE is great for quick recording of tests, but it somewhat lacks for power Selenium RC gives you the ability to drive Selenium from a real programming language (Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, and more)
Why do you want a real language? By using Selenium inside a full fledged language you can do the following Seed the database Check the database Control external services Launch multiple windows Run multiple browsers in parallel In addition to running the actual test.
Proxy Because the commands for Selenium RC are embedded in a script, a proxy is needed to control the browser.
Python There are python bindings for most of the Selenium calls Watch for naming differences While not necessary, most use the unittest module with Selenium
import selenium, unittest class JM(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): protocol = &quot;http&quot; host = &quot;your host&quot; port = your_port_number self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium.selenium(&quot;localhost&quot;, 4444, &quot;*chrome&quot;, &quot;%s://%s:%s&quot; % (protocol, host, port)) self.selenium.start() self.selenium.open(&quot;/jobmining/&quot;) def test_doSearch(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(&quot;/jobmining/&quot;) sel.type(&quot;queryTitle&quot;, &quot;qa&quot;) sel.select(&quot;ct_category&quot;, &quot;label=Banking&quot;) sel.click(&quot;Submit01&quot;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(&quot;30000&quot;) sel.click(&quot;link=sqa&quot;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(&quot;30000&quot;) try: self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(&quot;Job Description dgds&quot;)) except AssertionError, e: self.verificationErrors.append(str(e)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() if __name__ == &quot;__main__&quot;: unittest.main()
Data Driven One key concept when doing automation is to recycle your scripts through data driving them Use the underlying language you are using Selenium RC with to handle most of it for you
Same Origin Prevents a document or script loaded from one origin from getting or setting properties of a document from a different origin – Mozilla security documentation In other words, cannot work across server boundries
Selenium Core Selenium Core is used by both Selenium IDE and RC Runs test suites on the same server to avoid the Same Origin problem Don’t have same flexibility as RC, but tests and code under test is in the same spot
Tips Start and stop your script from the same spot Record your script in S-IDE, then use it as a base for a S-RC script Use Firebug to give you the XPath
Designing for Selenium Proper use of tables and CSS div tags makes Selenium much easier
Support Because this is free, open source software there is no official support channel Mailing lists Wiki Forums Are your main sources of assistence. But don’t forget your peers!

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Selenium

  • 1. Selenium Adam Goucher [email_address]
  • 2. Lecture Objective Give students an introduction to web automation using the Selenium framework.
  • 3. What is Selenium? Selenium is a web test tool that runs in the browser Because it runs in the browser, it does exactly what a user does
  • 4. What tests can Selenium do? Browser compatibility – One script, many browsers Regression
  • 5. Javascript Selenium is written in Javascript Javascript is how AJAX applications are written, so Selenium can test them too
  • 6. Where to get it? Selenium can be downloaded and installed for free from http:// www.openqa.org
  • 7. QTP vs. Selenium QTP is not cross platform, Selenium is QTP costs a lot of money, Selenium is free QTP needs VBScript, Selenium has lots of language bindings The default format of testing in Selenium is HTML QTP can control other types of applications other than web
  • 8. Multiple Seleniums? There are 3 versions of Selenium Selenium Core – The main component of Selenium Selenium RC – A scripting layer over Selenium Core Selenium IDE – a Firefox extension with record / playback functionality
  • 9. Selenium IDE Selenium IDE adds a layer of Record / Playback to Selenium Is available for Firefox only
  • 10. First Script link=sqa clickAndWait Submit01 clickAndWait label=Banking ct_category select qa queryTitle type /jobmining/ open Value Target Command
  • 11. Checkpoints Of course, scripts wouldn’t be tests if they didn’t check something assert* tests fail the test immediately verify* tests keep track of results and continue the script regardless Job Requirements sdrfasf asserTextPresent Job Description dgds verifyTextPresent
  • 12. Locators Selenium identifies what a component is through the use of a locator link=name dom=document.images[56] xpath=//table[@id='table1']//tr[4]/td[2] css=a[href=&quot;#id3&quot;] Depending on your application, there might be major performance differences
  • 13. Playback Playback of a single script is handled through the IDE Run – Go as fast as the script can process Walk – Slows down the execution Step – Executes the next step
  • 14. Test Suites In order to run multiple scripts, you need to chain them together in a Test Suite Just another html table Runs inside Firefox, but not in S-IDE Saved in the same directory as the tests that are included in it
  • 15. Test Suites <table> <tr> <td>Job Search test suite</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a target=&quot;testFrame&quot; href=“selenium-ide-01.html&quot;>Job Search</a></td> </tr> </table>
  • 16. Test Suites The URL has a specific format chrome://selenium-ide/content/selenium/TestRunner.html?baseURL=http://your_hose:port&test=file:///c://temp/qa109/testsuite.html&auto=true&multiWindow=false
  • 17. Selenium RC Selenium IDE is great for quick recording of tests, but it somewhat lacks for power Selenium RC gives you the ability to drive Selenium from a real programming language (Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, and more)
  • 18. Why do you want a real language? By using Selenium inside a full fledged language you can do the following Seed the database Check the database Control external services Launch multiple windows Run multiple browsers in parallel In addition to running the actual test.
  • 19. Proxy Because the commands for Selenium RC are embedded in a script, a proxy is needed to control the browser.
  • 20. Python There are python bindings for most of the Selenium calls Watch for naming differences While not necessary, most use the unittest module with Selenium
  • 21. import selenium, unittest class JM(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): protocol = &quot;http&quot; host = &quot;your host&quot; port = your_port_number self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium.selenium(&quot;localhost&quot;, 4444, &quot;*chrome&quot;, &quot;%s://%s:%s&quot; % (protocol, host, port)) self.selenium.start() self.selenium.open(&quot;/jobmining/&quot;) def test_doSearch(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open(&quot;/jobmining/&quot;) sel.type(&quot;queryTitle&quot;, &quot;qa&quot;) sel.select(&quot;ct_category&quot;, &quot;label=Banking&quot;) sel.click(&quot;Submit01&quot;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(&quot;30000&quot;) sel.click(&quot;link=sqa&quot;) sel.wait_for_page_to_load(&quot;30000&quot;) try: self.failUnless(sel.is_text_present(&quot;Job Description dgds&quot;)) except AssertionError, e: self.verificationErrors.append(str(e)) def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() if __name__ == &quot;__main__&quot;: unittest.main()
  • 22. Data Driven One key concept when doing automation is to recycle your scripts through data driving them Use the underlying language you are using Selenium RC with to handle most of it for you
  • 23. Same Origin Prevents a document or script loaded from one origin from getting or setting properties of a document from a different origin – Mozilla security documentation In other words, cannot work across server boundries
  • 24. Selenium Core Selenium Core is used by both Selenium IDE and RC Runs test suites on the same server to avoid the Same Origin problem Don’t have same flexibility as RC, but tests and code under test is in the same spot
  • 25. Tips Start and stop your script from the same spot Record your script in S-IDE, then use it as a base for a S-RC script Use Firebug to give you the XPath
  • 26. Designing for Selenium Proper use of tables and CSS div tags makes Selenium much easier
  • 27. Support Because this is free, open source software there is no official support channel Mailing lists Wiki Forums Are your main sources of assistence. But don’t forget your peers!