Secure data storage over distributed nodes in network through broadcast techniques

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 863
SECURE DATA STORAGE OVER DISTRIBUTED NODES IN
NETWORK THROUGH BROADCAST TECHNIQUES
Prashant S. Sadaphule1
, N. A. Dhawas2
1
Student ME Computer, Department of Computer Engineering, STES’s Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala
Maharashtra, India
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, STES’s Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala
Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Abstract Network wide broadcasting is one of the major mechanisms in wireless network to resolve may issues. In wireless
network communication the source node sends a message to all other nodes that are present in the network. The nodes are
communicating with each other but these nodes do not have any pre-existing routing infrastructure for communication. No static
infrastructure is available in wireless network communication, because of this there is limited transmission range. When source
node wants to communicate with nodes that are outside the radio range of network then there is need to form a multihop network.
This paper proposes secure data storage over distributed network distributed through broadcast algorithm. System manages the
data security, data backup, perform faster communication in between node and reduce the collision
Keywords: Broadcast, Data Security, Distributed Node, Wireless Network.
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1. INTRODUCTION
Today’s wireless communication technology is very
powerful and advance communication technology. In
wireless communication there are various portable and
handheld devices that made it possible to stay connected
anywhere, anytime. Reliable high speed network
connectivity is achieved with movable nodes and through
connectivity the portable and handheld devices will do the
data communication. The wireless node can communicate
with each other in two fashions:
1.1 Single Hop Fashion
In these communications method the sender and receiver
node are present in the communication range of each other
so sender can directly send the message to receiver node. No
need of intermediate node.
1.2 Multi Hop Fashion
In this case the source node sends the message to the
intermediate neighbour node and the intermediate node
sends the message to receiver node. In this case the source
and receiver node are not present in the communication
range of each other.
The interference is a major limiting factor in wireless
network when two or multiple nodes transmit a message to a
common neighbor node, because of collision the common
node will not receive any message from any sending nodes.
The transmission range causes the serious problems of
redundancy, contention and collision problem. All these
issues are collectively called as broadcast storm problem. To
achieve the aim of reliability in broadcast mechanism,
reduction in number of retransmission of messages will
result in reduced contention and collision.
In this paper study of problems related to broadcasting
message in wireless network is done. Various network
applications use broadcast mechanism. The major
requirement of these applications is collision free data
delivery, low end to end latency and low redundancy. Data
is maintained on various nodes through broadcasting and
scheduling mechanism. For distributed data storage first step
will be data broadcast from single node, and second to
extend the system into data broadcast from multiple nodes to
all other nodes that are available in the network.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Today's wireless communication is very powerful
technology. The current state of the art of wireless networks
is captured in [1], where solutions are discussed with
various broadcasting schemes. Gandhi et al.[1] introduces
two algorithms for broadcasting in wireless network such as
ONE to ALL and ALL to ALL data broadcast. The main
objective is to compute a schedule in which the latency is
minimized. In the network model the interference and
transmission range are identical and the interference range is
strictly larger than the transmission range. The algorithm
constructs the broadcast tree and then schedules the
transmission, so that every node receives the message
collision free. The ONE to ALL problems, a simple
approximation algorithm that achieves the 12 approximation
scheme. For ALL to ALL broadcasting, two algorithms by
efficient scheduling scheme are designed. The first achieves
an approximation guarantee of 20. The second algorithm
achieves the approximation factor of 34. Gandhi et al. [2]
addresses, two main issues of broadcasting such as latency

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and redundancy in ad hoc network. It gives two algorithms,
first is scheduling broadcast for single message and second
is scheduling broadcast for multiple messages. First
algorithm proved that minimum latency collision free
broadcasting in ad hoc networks is NP hard. It minimizes
the broadcast latency and number of retransmissions in ad
hoc network. Ho et al. [3] addresses flooding issues for
multicast in multihop ad hoc networks. The main focus is on
multicast routing in highly mobile ad hoc network. This is
very challenging issue. For the simulation of this system,
author uses the Global Mobile System Simulator
(GloMoSim) v.1.1.1 developed at UCLA which has two
mobility models, random waypoint and drunken mobility.
The simulator were performed for 50 nodes randomly
placed in 1000x1000 field using 7 different power ranges
from 100 to 400m. Ni et al. [4] introduces the broadcast
storm problem in mobile ad hoc network. The focus is on
broadcast problem in MANET and broadcast storm caused
by flooding. Five schemes namely Probabilistic, Counter
based, Distance based, Location based and Cluster based
scheme. The performance were measured through simulator
which was developed in IEEE Standard 801.11 is referenced
to simulate CSMA/CA behavior among hosts. Gandhi et al.
[5] shows that minimizing broadcast latency in wireless
network is NP complete and then present an approximation
algorithm for one-to-all broadcasting. This algorithm
simultaneously achieves a constant approximation both for
latency as well as number of retransmissions. However, the
approximation guarantee for the latency of their algorithm is
greater tan 400. Huang et al. [6] obtained a 16
approximation algorithm for one-to-all broadcasting
problem. It also present an algorithm with latency at most
R+O(log R) where R ia maximum Euclidean hop distance
from source to any node. However, the hidden constant in
O(log R) is not small.
Peng et al. [7] introduces the new broadcast approach that
can efficiently reduce broadcast redundancy in mobile
wireless network. It presents a scalable broadcast algorithm
for message broadcast. The algorithm and flooding in the
network simulator ns-2 and evaluate their performance
through simulation. Peng et al., Sucec et al. [8][9] presents
an efficient broadcast protocol for mobile ad hoc network.
The proposed protocol called AHBP can relieve mobile
nodes from the broadcast storm problem arising from
flooding.
Stojmenovic et al. [10] propose the dominating sets and
neighbor elimination based broadcasting algorithm in
wireless network. The algorithm enhanced by neighbor
elimination scheme and highest degree key, provides
reliable broadcast with <= 53 percent of node retransmission
for all average degree d. Critical d is around 4 with <= 48
percent for <= 3, <=40 percent for d >= 10 and <= 20
percent for d>= 25. Orecchia et al. [11] presents localized
techniques for broadcasting in wireless sensor network.
Main aim has been to design solutions which only require
local (one -hop neighborhood) knowledge, have low
complexity, low overhead, and result in low energy
consumption, low network load and high reliability. Salama
et al. [12] propose the delay-constrained minimum spanning
tree problem. Basagni et al. [13] present a mobility
transparent broadcast scheme for mobile multihop radio
networks. In this scheme, nodes compute their transmit
times once and for all in the beginning. They provide two
schemes with bounded latency. These schemes have
approximation factors which are linear and polylogarithmic
in the number of network nodes. Tiwari et al. [14] consider
the one-to-all broadcast problem in 3D space. Mahjourian et
al. [15] presents an approximation algorithm when both
interference range and carrier sensing range are larger than
transmission range. Hung et al. [16] provide centralized and
distributed algorithms for broadcasting and experimental
study their algorithms with respect to collision free delivery,
number of transmission and broadcast latency. Williams et
al. [17] survey many wireless broadcast protocols discussed
above. They provide a neat characterization and
experimental evaluation of many of these protocols under a
wide range of network conditions.
3. PROPOSED MODEL
3.1 Network Model
The Model considered is wireless network of nodes for
secure data storage over distributed node . The network
consists of number of nodes. The nodes present in the
network are all in the communication range of each other.
The network does not have any static infrastructure.
Consider a network model using directed graph G = (V, E).
V represents node and E is link between nodes. The nodes in
V are in the plane. Each node has a transmission range. In
this network the source node communicates with all other
nodes via broadcasting mechanism. According to
availability of network MAP database the data can be
distributed over the wireless node for storage purpose. The
medium of communication is wireless so whenever a node
transmits a message all the neighbor nodes listen to the
message. If node simultaneously listen message from two
transmitters then it is called as a collision at the receiver
node. A node listen a message from only one transmitter at a
time then it is called as message without collision.
3.2 System Architecture
The system architecture for the secure data storage over
distributed node system has seven distinct modules.
 Observer
 Data Storage Management
 XML Mentor
 Broadcast & Schedule
 File Handler
 Sender/ Receiver
 Encryption/ Decryption

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Fig -1: A secure data storage architecture system
1) Observer: Observer module continuously observers in
the system. Any change occurred in the system, observer
immediately inform to the main data storage module.
2) Data Storage Management: The data storage
management component is main module of the system
which performs all the operations of the system. It keeps
control on the working of other modules.
3) XML Mentor: XML mentor maintain the XML versions
of the every new created files. Also it updates the XML
version of data files as and when required. If any node in the
network is fails then with the help of XML versions system
can create backup replica of the data on that failed node .
4) Broadcast and Schedule: It is the backbone component
of system through which a broadcast tree is constructed
from the data that is available from data storage
management. Also it creates schedule for broadcast and
broadcast the data according to schedule.
5) File Handler: It handles the read and write request that
arrives from the various nodes that are available in the
network. As per request it performs the read and writes
operation and change the data file.
6) Sender & Receiver: The main operation of this
component is to send and receives the data file source node
to destination node. It maintains two queues for read and
write request that arrives from various nodes
7) Encryption / Decryption: This module mainly used for
the data security before broadcasting data, data can be
encrypted by using MD 5 encryption algorithm. Through
this module the data can be transferred securely from source
to destination.
3.3 Broadcasting
Broadcasting is one of major mechanism in wireless
network. In this mechanism the source node communicates
with another nodes through data broadcast. The system can
work in four different ways such as:
1) Single Source Single Message (SSSM): In this
broadcast technique there is only one source node
which sends the data to all other nodes which are
present in the network. At a time the source node
can transmit single message to all other nodes.
2) Single Source Multiple Messages (SSMM): In
this broadcast technique there is only one source
node which sends the data to all other nodes which
are present in the network. The source node has a
capability to send multiple messages to all other
nodes.
3) Multiple Source Single Messages (MSSM): In
this broadcast technique all nodes of network can
work as source node and each can communicate
with each other’s through data messages, but node
can send single message to the all other nodes.
4) Multiple Source Multiple Messages (MSMM): In
this broadcast technique all nodes of network can
work as source node and each can communicate
with each other’s through data messages, but node
can send multiple message to the all other nodes.
3.4 Mathematical Model
1. Let ( G = (V, E) s)
Where
V = { 𝑣1, 𝑣2, 𝑣3, … … 𝑣 𝑛} set of vertices (Nodes)
E = { 𝑒1, 𝑒2, 𝑒3, … … 𝑒 𝑛} set of edges
(Connections)
s = { 𝑠𝑗 | 𝑠𝑗 is the source of message 𝑗}
M = {1, 2, .................,m} set of messages
Construct
2. V = (P , S)
Where
P = { 𝑝1, 𝑝2, 𝑝3, … … 𝑝 𝑛 } set of primary nodes
S = { 𝑠1, 𝑠2, 𝑠3, … … 𝑠 𝑛} set of secondary nodes
3. Create Schedule
4. Secure Data
5. Broadcast Message
4. CONCLUSIONS
This Paper gives an approximate algorithm which uses one
to all and all to all data broadcast mechanism. It presents a
simple and efficient way for collision free broadcast. The
algorithm is also used for reducing the number of
retransmission of messages in the network that results in
optimal use of network bandwidth.
The future work is to extend the algorithms defined for use
with dynamic topologies. As to maintain a broadcast tree in
dynamic topology is very complex.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to express heartfelt gratitude towards
the people whose help was very useful to complete this
dissertation work on the topic of "Distributed Data Storage
using Broadcast Algorithm."
It is great privilege to express sincerest regards to P.G.

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Guide, P.G. coordinator as well as H.O.D., Prof. T. J.
Parvat, for his valuable inputs, able guidance,
encouragement, whole-hearted cooperation and constructive
criticism throughout the duration of this work.
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BIOGRAPHIE
Prashant S. Sadaphule received B.E. In
Computer Engineering from Computer
Department of K.B.P. College of
Engineering & Polytechnic, Satara from
Shivaji University,Kolhapur (2008).
Currently he is pursuing M.E. In Computer Engineering
from STES’s Sinhgad Institute of Technology, Lonavala. He
is also working as an Assistant Professor in the Department
of Computer Engineering in AISSMS IOIT, Shivajinagar,
Pune. His area of interest is Mobile and Wireless Network

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Secure data storage over distributed nodes in network through broadcast techniques