Scada
- 1. SCADA Protocols Overview of DNP3 By Michael LeMay
- 2. Introduction ● DNP3 used for communications between SCADA masters (control centres) and remote terminal units (RTUs) and/or intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) ● DNP: Distributed Network Protocol ● SCADA: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition ● Protocol defined in “Basic 4” document set from DNP Users Group ● Based on IEC 60870-5. ● International counterpart: IEC 60870-5-101
- 4. Protocol Participants ● SCADA Master Stations/Control centres – Connected to HMI and other control centres ● Remote terminal units – Interface between IEDs and master stations – May exhibit limited autonomous control ● Intelligent electronic devices – Sensors and meters – Relays and other actuators – Programmable Logic Controllers: PLCs
- 5. SCADA Master Basics ● Control centre from which multiple substations or other remote installations are controlled and monitored ● Connected to other control centres using ICCP, a separate protocol ● Interfaces with human through HMI (Human- Machine Interface), which may be local or remote. ● Connected to RTUs and/or IEDs
- 6. Sample SCADA Masters Water SCADA HMI Korean control center
- 7. RTU Basics ● Remote Terminal Unit ● Appears as IED to SCADA master when DNP used for communications ● Manages multiple actual IEDs ● Attached IEDs referenced using absolute addressing scheme ● Addresses only have meaning to SCADA master
- 8. Sample RTUs Radio Cellular RTU RTU Serial RTU
- 9. IED Basics ● Intelligent Electronic Device ● May be data acquisition device only ● May be responsible for control ● Possible inputs: configuration, setting, and command data ● Possible outputs: values, conditions, status, and results ● May be PLCs programmed with ladder logic
- 10. Sample IEDs/PLCs Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Intelligent Electronic Device (IED)
- 11. Parameters ● IEDs and RTUs can control and monitor a variety of physical processes and other information: – Accumulate measurements like kilowatt hour consumption – Monitor voltage and current – Monitor temperatures (useful for automatically controlling tunnel fires) – Switch electrical breakers on and off – Transfer configuration files to/from SCADA master
- 12. DNP3 Protocol Standard ● The DNP3 protocol standard defines several aspects of SCADA Master-RTU/IED communications: – Frame and message formats – Physical layer requirements ● 1200 bps+ ● Busy link indicator for collision avoidance – Data-link layer behavior ● frame segmentation ● Transmission retry algorithm – Application layer ● file transfer ● time synchronization ● start/stop service
- 13. Protocol Basics ● Built on OSI layers 1,2,7 ● Application ● Presentation ● Session ● Transport ● Network ● Data Link ● Physical IEC “Enhanced Performance Architecture”
- 15. Protocol Requirements ● Components operate in harsh environments ● Protocol designed for reliability ● No confidentiality or integrity checks explicitly included
- 16. Req.: “Data Security” ● Correct data transmission required in presence of: – EMI: Electromagnetic interference – Differences in earth potential – Aging components – Other sources of noise and disturbance along transmission path
- 17. Req.: Data Security (cont.) ● Protection explicitly afforded against: – Undetected bit errors – Undetected frame errors caused by synchronization errors – Undetected loss of information – Gain of unintended information ● Simulation of valid message by noise
- 18. For More Info... ● DNP was originally developed by GE-Harris Canada in 1990 and released in 1993 ● Now managed by the DNP Users Group: http://www.dnp.org ● The DNP Users Group includes master station, RTU and IED vendors, and representatives of the electric utility and system consulting communities. ● IEEE Std. 1379-2000 provides modern implementation best practices ● My SCADA Links: http://tinyurl.com/dqt2x