SAS Results for Problem 2:
Factor (IV) in ANOVA:
2 levels (1 or 2)
The ANOVA Procedure
Class Level Information
Class Levels Values
PERLEVEL 2 1 2
Number of Observations Read 80
Number of Observations Used 80
1st Dependent Variable (DV) analyzed
The ANOVA Procedure
ANOVA F-test for testing differences in mean DV1 for two IV levels
Dependent Variable: EFFORT
Sum of
Source DF Squares Mean Square F Value Pr > F
Model 1 22.8703938 22.8703938 15.74 0.0002
Error 78 113.3171062 1.4527834
Corrected Total 79 136.1875000
R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE EFFORT Mean
0.167933 28.78363 1.205315 4.187500
Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F Value Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 22.87039385 22.87039385 15.74 0.0002
2nd DV analyzed
The ANOVA Procedure
ANOVA F-test for testing differences in mean DV2 for two IV levels
Dependent Variable: UND
Sum of
Source DF Squares Mean Square F Value Pr > F
Model 1 9.3002113 9.3002113 3.92 0.0513
Error 78 185.1872887 2.3741960
Corrected Total 79 194.4875000
R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE UND Mean
0.047819 36.36207 1.540843 4.237500
Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F Value Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 9.30021129 9.30021129 3.92 0.0513
Note: Good strategy is conduct univariate ANOVA F-tests at a small α (e.g., α = .01 or .02)
The ANOVA Procedure
ANOVA F-test for testing differences in mean DV3 for two IV levels
3rd DV analyzed
Dependent Variable: QUALITY
Sum of
Source DF Squares Mean Square F Value Pr > F
Model 1 7.6597701 7.6597701 5.45 0.0221
Error 78 109.5402299 1.4043619
Corrected Total 79 117.2000000
R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE QUALITY Mean
0.065356 28.90385 1.185058 4.100000
Source .
This document contains class notes from an empirical research methods course. It outlines key concepts related to sampling, statistics, experimental design, and data analysis techniques including t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and factorial ANOVA. Examples are provided to illustrate how to conduct statistical tests in SPSS and how to interpret and report results. Key terms are defined throughout to explain assumptions, computations, and interpretations of different statistical analyses.
This document provides an overview of a basic statistics workshop for language teachers. It includes definitions of key statistical concepts like descriptive statistics, the normal distribution, reliability and validity. It also summarizes how to compare means using t-tests and ANOVA, and how to analyze correlations between variables. The workshop aims to help teachers calculate and interpret common statistical measures.
Week 7 - Linear Regression Exercises SPSS Output Simple.docx
Week 7 - Linear Regression Exercises SPSS Output
Simple Linear Regression SPSS Output
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Family income prior month,
all sources
$1,485.49 $950.496 378
Hours worked per week in
current job
33.52 12.359 378
Correlations
Family income
prior month, all
sources
Hours worked
per week in
current job
Pearson Correlation Family income prior month,
all sources
1.000 .300
Hours worked per week in
current job
.300 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) Family income prior month,
all sources
. .000
Hours worked per week in
current job
.000 .
N Family income prior month,
all sources
378 378
Hours worked per week in
current job
378 378
Model Summary
Model
R R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
1 .300a .090 .088 $907.877
a. Predictors: (Constant), Hours worked per week in current job
ANOVAb
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 3.068E7 1 3.068E7 37.226 .000a
Residual 3.099E8 376 824241.002
Total 3.406E8 377
a. Predictors: (Constant), Hours worked per week in current job
b. Dependent Variable: Family income prior month, all sources
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
95.0% Confidence Interval
for B
B Std. Error Beta Lower Bound Upper Bound
1 (Constant) 711.651 135.155 5.265 .000 445.896 977.405
Hours worked per week
in current job
23.083 3.783 .300 6.101 .000 15.644 30.523
a. Dependent Variable: Family income prior month, all sources
Part II: Multiple Regression SPSS Output
This part is going to begin with an example that has been interpreted for you. Analyze the output
provided and read the interpretation of the data so that you will have an understanding of what you
will do for the multiple regression assignment.
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
CES-D Score 18.5231 11.90747 156
CESD Score, Wave 1 17.6987 11.40935 156
Number types of abuse .83 1.203 156
Correlations
CES-D Score
CESD Score,
Wave 1
Number types
of abuse
Pearson Correlation CES-D Score 1.000 .412 .347
CESD Score, Wave 1 .412 1.000 .187
Number types of abuse .347 .187 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) CES-D Score . .000 .000
CESD Score, Wave 1 .000 . .010
Number types of abuse .000 .010 .
N CES-D Score 156 156 156
CESD Score, Wave 1 156 156 156
Number types of abuse 156 156 156
Model Summary
Model
R R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change F Change df1 df2 Sig. F Change
1 .412a .170 .164 10.88446 .170 31.506 1 154 .000
2 .496b .246 .236 10.41016 .076 15.352 1 153 .000
a. Predictors: (Constant), CESD Score, Wave 1
b. Predictors: (Constant), CESD Score, Wave 1, Number types of abuse
ANOVAc
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 3732.507 1 3732.507 31.506 .000a
Residual 18244.613 154 118.472
Total 21977.1.
26 Ch. 3 Organizing and Graphing DataAssignment 2ME.docx
26 Ch. 3: Organizing and Graphing Data
Assignment 2
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
Fill in the blanks:
4.1. The score that repeats the most often in a distribution is called the ______.
4.2. The descriptive statistic used the most in inferential statistics as a measure of central tendency is the _________.
4.3. The measure of central tendency used with nominal scale data is the _______.
4.4. To find the mean of a sample, thethe sum of the scoresas is divided by ______.
Circle the correct answer:
4.5. In a positively skewed distribution, the majority of the scores cluster above/below the ________.
4.6. The mode and the mean have the same values in distributions that are normal/negatively skewed.
4.7. Distributions with few scores are more/less likely to have a mode than distributions with many scores.
Answer the following questions:
4.8. Which measure of central tendency would be the most appropriate for summarizing the following test scores? Explain your choice.
13, 14, 10, 38, 11, 12, 16, 15
4.9. What is the difference between and ? How are they related to each other?
4.10. A distribution of 10 scores has a mean of 6. Following are 9 scores of this distribution. Which score is missing (remember that the mean should be 6)?
4, 8, 10, 5, 9, 3, 6, 7, 3
4.11. When the sum of a group of scores is 280 and the mean of the scores is 7, how many scores are in the distribution?
4.12. Find the mode, median, and mean of the distribution depicted in the following histogram:
Frequency
Scores
MEASURES OF VARIABILITY
Circle the correct answer:
5.1. The distance between the highest and the lowest scores is called the range/variance.
5.2. The SD is equal to the square root of the mean/variance.
5.3. A test with 30 items is likely to have a higher/lower standard deviation that a test with 80 items.
5.4. The mean of the squared deviation scores is called the variance/standard deviation.
5.5. The SD of the number of errors found by an auditor in a sample of accounts of one company is likely to be higher/lower than the SD of the number of errors found in samples taken from a number of different companies.
5.6. The SD is/is not sensitive to extreme scores.
5.7. The variance of the population is represented by S2/2.
5.8. In most cases, the variance is larger/smaller than the SD.
5.9. The measure of variability that takes into consideration every score in the distribution is the range/standard deviation.
Answer/compute the following questions:
5.10. Study the following three distributions. What are the similarities and differences between the three distributions in terms of their means, ranges, and standard deviations? (Note: Assume the three distributions to be samples if you decide to compute their standard deviations.)
Distribution A: 8, 9, 6, 12, 5
Distribution B: 7, 10, 11, 8, 4
Distribution C: 7, 9, 8, 9, 7
5.11. Three statistics classes (Sections A, B and C), each with 26 students, took the same test. The SD o.
The document provides an overview of different statistical analysis methods including independent ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and MANOVA. It discusses key aspects of each method such as their appropriate uses, assumptions, and how to conduct the analyses and interpret results in SPSS. For ANOVA, it covers topics like F-ratio, significance levels, post-hoc tests, effect sizes, and examples. For MANOVA, it compares it to ANOVA and explains how MANOVA can assess differences across groups on multiple dependent variables simultaneously.
Researchers use several tools and procedures for analyzing quantitative data obtained from different types of experimental designs. Different designs call for different methods of analysis. This presentation focuses on:
T-test
Analysis of variance (F-test), and
Chi-square test
The document describes using a one-way ANOVA to analyze data from an experiment that used three standardization methods (external calibration curve, standard addition, and internal standard) to determine the concentration of three paraffin analytes. The one-way ANOVA found a statistically significant difference between the means of the three standardization methods. Post-hoc analysis with Tukey's test showed the standard addition method mean was significantly different from the other two methods, but those other methods did not differ significantly.
This document summarizes the results of an analysis examining reading comprehension scores based on background noise and practice conditions. Key findings include:
1) Reading comprehension scores were significantly higher with practice compared to no practice.
2) Scores were significantly higher with no noise compared to high noise levels.
3) There was a significant interaction between practice and noise conditions, such that practice had a greater positive effect on scores under high noise compared to no noise.
This document discusses various types of analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical tests. It begins with an introduction to one-way ANOVA for comparing the means of three or more independent groups. Requirements for one-way ANOVA include a nominal independent variable with three or more levels and a continuous dependent variable. Assumptions of one-way ANOVA include normality and homogeneity of variances. The document then briefly discusses two-way ANOVA, MANOVA, ANOVA with repeated measures, and related statistical tests. Examples of each type of ANOVA are provided.
One-way ANOVA compares the means of three or more independent groups and is used to determine if there are any statistically significant differences between the means. Two-way ANOVA compares the means of two independent variables and can examine interactions between them. MANOVA compares the means of multiple dependent variables. Researchers use ANOVA to examine questions about potential differences between groups based on one or more independent variables.
The document describes how analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be used to compare mean exam scores between students sitting in different rows (front, middle, back) of a classroom. ANOVA measures variation between and within groups. If the between-group variation is significantly greater than the within-group variation, then at least one group mean is different. The ANOVA calculation and assumptions are shown using example data. The results show the mean scores differed significantly between rows, rejecting the null hypothesis that all row means were equal.
The document summarizes the results of a one-way repeated measures ANOVA comparing ratings of lectures with different numbers of visual aids. The ANOVA found a significant effect of the number of visual aids, with ratings being significantly higher for lectures with few visual aids compared to those with none or many visual aids. Pairwise comparisons showed ratings were significantly higher with few visual aids than with none or many, but the difference between none and many was not significant. An alternative analysis using ranked data and a repeated measures ANOVA on ranks produced similar results.
The document discusses statistical tests such as the t-test and F-test. The t-test is used to compare means of two samples, such as comparing sample means before and after treatment. There are different types of t-tests, including paired samples and independent samples t-tests. The F-test, also called the F-ratio, compares variances between samples and is used in analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test differences between two or more groups. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to perform t-tests and F-tests to analyze data and test hypotheses.
The document discusses analysis of variance (ANOVA), specifically the F-test. It explains that ANOVA compares the means of two or more groups and includes one-way, two-way, and three-way ANOVA. A one-way ANOVA involves one variable while a two-way ANOVA involves two variables like column and row factors. The F-test is used to determine if there are significant differences between and among group means. An example demonstrates how to conduct a one-way ANOVA on sales data from four brands of shampoo.
This document discusses different statistical tests used to analyze experimental research data, including the t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and chi-square test. It provides examples of how to apply each test and interpret the results. The t-test is used to compare the means of two groups, ANOVA is used for comparing more than two groups, and chi-square is used to analyze relationships between categorical variables. Computer programs like SPSS can perform these statistical analyses to help researchers evaluate experimental data.
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Chapter 13 Global Health Challenges
MANY INDIVIDUALS AND NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) HELP FIGHT GLOBAL DISEASE. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation plays a key role in the war against malaria, AIDS, and other diseases. Melinda and Bill Gates met with doctors and patients at the Manhica Research Center and Hospital in an area of Mozambique heavily affected by malaria.
Learning Objectives
1. 13.1Recall the causes and effects of noncommunicable diseases
2. 13.2Evaluate the role of global travel and trade in facilitating the globalization of infectious diseases
3. 13.3Outline the three developments that gave rise to the concept of human security
4. 13.4Describe the three epidemiologic transitions to better understand contemporary concerns about infectious diseases
5. 13.5Report the cause, spread, effects, and control measures of influenza and avian flu
6. 13.6Report the cause, spread, effects, and control measures of malaria
7. 13.7Recognize the causes and preventive measures of HIV
8. 13.8Report the origin, spread, effects, and control measures of SARS
9. 13.9Report the origin, spread, effects, and control measures of Ebola
10. 13.10Outline role of the WHO in preventing the spread of infectious diseases
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and mental illness in general and Alzheimer’s disease in particular are the leading causes of death and disability globally. Long associated with affluent Western standards of living, NCDs are now a global problem. While rich countries are better equipped to deal with chronic diseases, they are far more deadly in poor countries. Growing numbers of old people and the spread of middle-class lifestyles make NCDs more prevalent than infectious diseases. Globalization also contributes to the growth of NCDs by helping expand the global middle class and by promoting fast foods, sugary drinks, alcohol, smoking, processed foods, and sedentary lifestyles. A major global health threat that undermines efforts to cure diseases is the emergence of germs that are resistant to antibiotics. This is due mainly to the excessive use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture.
Infectious diseases are intertwined with numerous global issues and are inseparable from political, economic, and cultural components of globalization. Ethnic conflicts make populations vulnerable to infectious diseases. Fighting contributes to the collapse of public services, which means that many people die from what would ordinarily be treatable diseases, such as diarrhea and respiratory infections. Conflicts also create refugees, overcrowding, and unsanitary conditions, thereby creating environments conducive to the spread of infectious diseases.
Environmental degradation and deforestation expose humans to a variety of infectious diseases. They also contribute to global warming and flooding,.
Scapegoating is a theory of prejudice and discrimination. Societ.docx
Scapegoating is a theory of prejudice and discrimination. Society looks at the weakest group, and places blame on that group for all ills. That group then becomes the bottom level of society. We've seen this over the past 18 months. Illegal immigrants have been blamed for many issues, in particular crime and unemployment rates. Yet, I know few in my own area who will do the jobs these folks do every day. As for crime, please see the link below for a journal article that addresses this issue. Most crimes committed by immigrants without papers are misdemeanors.
What are your thoughts?
.
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INSTRUCTIONS
Write a brief case study (ALZHIEMER DISEASE) of a real or hypothetical issue or problem that needs investigation (approx. 200-250 words max).
Discussion 3.2: Hypothesis Test Tag Team
Corporate Responsibility 8;
The Social Responsibility of Business Is
to Increase Its Profits
Milton Friedman
When I hear businessmen speak eloquently
about the “social responsibilities of business
in a free-enterprise system,” I am reminded
of the wonderful line about the Frenchman
who discovered at the age of 70 that he had
been speaking prose all his life. The busi
nessmen believe that they are defending free
enterprise when they declaim that business
is not concerned “merely” with profit but
also with promoting desirable “social” ends;
that business has a “social conscience” and
takes seriously its responsibilities for provid
ing employment, eliminating discrimina
tion, avoiding pollution and whatever else
may be the catchwords of the contemporary
crop of reformers. In fact they are—or
would be if they or anyone else took them
seriously—preaching pure and unadulter
ated socialism. Businessmen who talk this
way are unwitting puppets of the intellectual
forces that have been undermining the basis
of a free society these past decades.
The discussions of the “social responsibil
ities of business” are notable for their analyt
ical looseness and lack of rigor. What does it
mean to say that “business” has responsibili
ties? Only people can have responsibilities.
A corporation is an artificial person and in
this sense may have artificial responsibili
ties, but “business” as a whole cannot be said
to have responsibilities, even in this vague
sense. The first step toward clarity in ex
amining the doctrine of the social responsi
bility of business is to ask precisely what it
implies for whom.
Presumably, the individuals who are to be
responsible are businessmen, which means
individual proprietors or corporate execu
tives. Most of the discussion of social respon
sibility is directed at corporations, so in what
follows I shall mostly neglect the individual
proprietors and speak of corporate execu
tives.
In a free-enterprise, private-property sys
tem, a corporate executive is an employee of
the owners of the business. He has direct re
sponsibility to his employers. That responsi
bility is to conduct the business in accord
ance with their desires, which generally will
be to make as much money as possible while
conforming to the basic rules of the society,
both those embodied in law and those em
bodied in ethical custom. Of course, in some
cases his employers may have a different ob
jective. A group of persons might establish a
corporation for an eleemosynary purpose—
for example, a hospital or a school. The
manager of such a corporation will not have
money profit as his objectives but the ren
dering of certain services.
In either case,.
Sara Mohammed1991 Washington St.Indiana, PA 15701(571) 550-3.docx
Sara Mohammed
1991 Washington St.
Indiana, PA 15701
(571) 550-3232
[email protected]
EDUCATION
Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP) Expected December 2020
Bachelor of Science in Business
Northern Virginia Community College (NOVA), Woodbridge, VA May 2016
English As a Second Language
Volunteerism
Saudi club association at Gannon University Fall 2018
SKILLS
· Speak three languages (Arabic, English, and Turkish)
· Knowledge with technology
· Experience with Microsoft, Word, Excel, and PowerPoint
· Looking for helping others always
· Familiar with taking care of kids
.
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Application Assignment 2: Part 2 - Developing an Advocacy Campaign
The following application, Part 2, will be due in Week 7.
To prepare:
· Review Chapter 3 of Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide.
· In the first assignment, you reflected on whether the policy you would like to promote could best be achieved through the development of new legislation, or a change in an existing law or regulation. Refine as necessary using any feedback from your first paper.
· Contemplate how existing laws or regulations may affect how you proceed in advocating for your proposed policy.
· Consider how you could influence legislators or other policymakers to enact the policy you propose.
· Think about the obstacles of the legislative process that may prevent your proposed policy from being implemented as intended.
·
To complete:
Part Two will have approximately 3–4 pages of content plus a title page and references. Part Two will address the following:
· Explain whether your proposed policy could be enacted through a modification of existing law or regulation or the creation of new legislation/regulation.
· Explain how existing laws or regulations could affect your advocacy efforts. Be sure to cite and reference the laws and regulations using primary sources.
· Provide an analysis of the methods you could use to influence legislators or other policymakers to support your policy. In particular, explain how you would use the “three legs” of lobbying in your advocacy efforts.
· Summarize obstacles that could arise in the legislative process and how to overcome these hurdles.
Milstead: 3 Legs of Lobbying
“According to Milstead (2013), Leg One of the Three-Legged Stool consists of lobbying which is the act of influencing – the art of persuading-a government entity. “Legislators often rely on lobbyists’ expertise to help them understand what they are voting for or against.” (Milstead, 2013, p. 53). Local State Representatives should be targeted as a champion for the bill and that’s likely where an average voter can begin for their voice to be heard at the local and state levels.Leg Two of the Three-Legged Stool also includes the grassroots lobbyists. The AmericanNurses Association often spear-heads lobbying efforts in the best interest of the public on healthcare related issues and has a strong history of working with Congress on these important issues. “Grassroots lobbyists are constituents who have the power to elect officials through their vote and have expertise and knowledge about a particular issue (such as nurses in healthcare reform debates)” (Milstead, 2013, p. 54). Nurses can become a member of the American Nurses Association or other associations to ensure nurses have a voice on these important issues”
Reflection
Associate Professor Michael Segon
Director MBA
1
Reflection
Reflection is used as a learning tool to make sense of what we have experienced and how we can optimise our learning from that experience.
.
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Chapter 13:The Bureaucracy
ADA Text Version
Learning Objectives
1. Describe the formal organization of the federal bureaucracy.
2. Classify the vital functions performed by the bureaucracy.
3. Explain the present Civil Service system and contrast it with the 19th century spoils system.
4. Identify the various factors contributing to bureaucracy's growth over time.
5. Compare the means by which Congress and the president attempt to maintain control over the bureaucracy.
6. Analyze and evaluate the problems that bureaucratic organization poses for American democracy.
Introduction
The very word "bureaucracy" often carries negative connotations. To refer to an institution as a "bureaucracy" or characterize it as "bureaucratic" is usually intended as an insult. But the national bureaucracy, sometimes called the "fourth branch of government", is responsible for practically all of the day-to-day work of governing the country. While bureaucracy in the United States, consistent with our tradition of more limited government, is smaller than its counterparts in other longstanding democracies, its influence extends to almost every corner of American society. From delivery of the mail to regulation of the stock market to national defense, federal employees plan, regulate, adjudicate, enforce, and implement federal law. Despite recurrent calls to "shrink" the size of government, the federal bureaucracy remains the largest single employer in the United States. This lesson examines the bureaucracy's formal organization, its critical role in the American economy and society, and its perceived weaknesses.
Study Questions
1. How did sociologist Max Weber define bureaucracy?
2. Identify the various functions federal bureaucracies perform giving at least one example each:
a. Implementation
b. Regulation
c. Adjudication
d. Enforcement
e. Policy-making
3. How many people does the federal government employ? For what percentage of GDP does federal spending account? How does this compare to other economically advanced democracies?
4. Classify and distinguish the major types of bureaucracy in the federal government:
a. Cabinet Departments
b. Independent Agencies
c. Independent Regulatory Commissions
d. Government Corporations
5. How does the federal bureaucracy select and recruit personnel? Contrast the present civil service system with the spoils system. What advantages does the present system provide?
6. What factors explain the growth of bureaucracy over time despite recurrent calls for limiting the size of government?
7. Identify those factors in the budget process making it difficult to cut bureaucratic funding.
8. Describe the way Congress authorizes funding for the federal bureaucracy.
9. How does Congress attempt to control the federal bureaucracy?
10. How does the president attempt to control the federal bureaucracy?
11. What special problems does bureaucratic independence present in a democracy? Discuss with re.
SANS SIFT tool Final project , related to (digital foren.docx
SANS SIFT tool Final project , related to (digital forensics tools and technique)
Description : A 500-700 word, double spaced paper, written in APA format, showing sources and a bibliography and ppt presentation too
Presentation materials
.
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TABLE 2.2 Connecting Knowledge of Development and Learning to Teaching Practices
Principles of Child Development and Learning
Developmentally Appropriate Teaching Practices
Children develop holistically
• Teachers plan daily activities and routines to address aesthetic, emotional, cognitive, language, physical, and social development.
• Teachers integrate learning across the curriculum (e.g., mixing language, physical, and social; combining math, science, and reading).
Child development follows an orderly sequence
• Teachers use their knowledge of developmental sequences to gauge whether children are developing as expected, to determine reasonable expectations, and to plan next steps in the learning process.
Children develop at varying rates
• Teachers give children opportunities to pursue activities at their own pace.
• Teachers repeat activities more than once so children can participate according to changing needs and abilities.
• Teachers plan activities with multiple learning objectives to address the needs of more and less advanced learners.
Children learn best when they feel safe and secure
• Teachers develop nurturing relationships with children and remain with children long enough so children can easily identify a specific adult from whom to seek help, comfort, attention, and guidance.
• Daily routines are predictable. Changes in routine are explained in advance so children can anticipate what will happen.
• There is two-way communication between teachers and families, and families are welcome in the program.
• Children have access to images, objects, and activities that reflect their home experiences.
• The early childhood environment complies with all safety requirements.
• Adults use positive discipline to enhance children’s self-esteem, self-control, and problem-solving abilities.
• Teachers address aggression and bullying calmly, firmly, and proactively.
Children are active learners
• Activities, transitions, and routines respect children’s attention span, need for activity and need for social interaction. Inactive segments of the day are short.
• Children participate in gross motor activities every day.
Children learn through a combination of physical experience, social experience, and reflection
• Adults encourage children to explore and investigate. They pose questions, offer information, and challenge children’s thinking.
• Children have many chances to document and reflect on their ideas.
Children learn through mastery and challenge
• Practitioners simplify, maintain, or extend activities in response to children’s functioning and comprehension.
Children’s learning profiles vary
• Teachers present the same information in more than one modality (seeing, hearing, touching) and through different types of activities.
• Children have opportunities to play on their own and with others; indoors and outdoors; with natural and manufactured materials.
Chil.
Sandro Reyes 1
5
Human Impact on the Environment
Every day, I see the harmful impacts of humans on the environment. Just 13 percent of the globe’s oceans remain unsoiled by humanity’s damaging impacts (Carrington, 2018). In the remotest poles and Pacific areas, most of the ocean has no natural marine wildlife. Pollution, huge fishing fleets, and global shipping along with climate change are all degrading the oceans. The vehicles we drive every day, industrial wastes, overpopulation, and fossil fuels, all have negative effects on the environment. Human activities are negatively affecting the environment by degrading it and sooner or later, the earth will not be able to sustain humans.
Overpopulation is now an epidemic with decreased mortality rates, improved medicine, and food sustainability. We are living longer, which is increasing population. The impact of overpopulation includes environmental degradation due to cutting down of trees to create space. With less trees to filter the air, an increase in carbon dioxide levels is damaging every single organism (Interesting Engineering, 2019). Another effect of overpopulation is overdependence on fossil fuels such as coal and oil, which emit plentiful carbon oxide into the air. With increased population, humans need more space, which damage ecosystems and augment carbon dioxide emissions.
Pollution is another impact of human activities on the environment. From trash, industrial wastes to carbon dioxide emissions into the air, pollutions is inevitable. Over 2.4 billion individuals have no access to sources of clean water. Human activities continue to deplete indispensable resources such as soil, water, and air. United States, for example, produces 147 million metric tons of air pollution annually (Interesting Engineering, 2019). Air quality in developing nations continues to plummet as well. This means that we are engaging in activities that are hurting the environment.
Global warming is one of the greatest causes of environmental degradation contributed by human activities. Some people do not believe that global warming is real. However, that is not true, and its major contributors include carbon dioxide emissions from respiration, deforestation, and burning fossil fuels. Each year, we continue to contribute to levels of carbon dioxide globally. Current levels exceed 400 PPM, and the rise in carbon dioxide emissions are attributed to an increase in global temperatures (Interesting Engineering, 2019). The result is the melting of arctic glaciers and land ice, which will increase sea levels, and have negative effects on oceanic life.
Climate change is another impact on the environment that is being caused by us. It is linked .
Scanned with CamScannerResearch Summary (paper)For thi.docx
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Research Summary (paper)
For this assignment you summarize one of the experimental research studies from your research collection.
(I did not make one, feel free to choose any research that has to do with psychology.)
Check out Audris Oh's research summary I put in the files -- it's a great model.
Write your summary in 5 pages or so, basically summarizing each of the major sections - literature review, methods section, results section and discussion. Let the abstract at the beginning of the paper guide you (It's just one paragraph but is a great guide). Why was the study done and how does it fit in with other work in the field (the intro or lit review)? What was the actual experiment (the methods section)? What were the results (the results section)? Why is it important (the discussion section)? Conclude your paper with a personal reaction -- does this fit with what you’ve seen? How might you use any insight the study provides?
Include the pdf of the article (or link to it) and the reference to the article in APA style. Here's an example of a reference:
Stein, S., Isaacs, G., & Andrews, T. (2004). Incorporating authentic learning experiences within a university course. Studies in Higher Education, 29(2), 239-258.
Example of how the essay should look like: https://middlesexcc.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=7578609
Mendel, 150 years on
T.H. Noel Ellis1, Julie M.I. Hofer1, Gail M. Timmerman-Vaughan2, Clarice J. Coyne3
and Roger P. Hellens4
1
Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth,
Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
2
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
3
USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
4
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
Review
Mendel’s paper ‘Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden’ is the
best known in a series of studies published in the late 18th
and 19th centuries that built our understanding of the
mechanism of inheritance. Mendel investigated the seg-
regation of seven gene characters of pea (Pisum sativum),
of which four have been identified. Here, we review what
is known about the molecular nature of these genes,
which encode enzymes (R and Le), a biochemical regula-
tor (I) and a transcription factor (A). The mutations are: a
transposon insertion (r), an amino acid insertion (i), a
splice variant (a) and a missense mutation (le-1). The
nature of the three remaining uncharacterized characters
(green versus yellow pods, inflated versus constricted
pods, and axial versus terminal flowers) is discussed.
Mendel’s studies: species, traits and genes
Mendel’s paper ‘Versuche ü ber Pflanzen-Hybriden’ [1] is
the best known in a series of studies published in the late
18th and 19th centuries [2–4] that built our understanding
of the mechanism of inheritance [5]. The title of M.
Scanned with CamScannerHACCP Recipe TermsCheck tempe.docx
Scanned with CamScanner
HACCP Recipe Terms
Check temperature of food at least every four hours and record
Check temperature of storage area at beginning of shift.
Cook eggs, poultry, fish, and meat in a microwave oven to a minimum temperature of 165 degrees F.
Cook fish to a minimum of 145 degrees F for 15 seconds.
Cook ground meats to a minimum of 155 degrees F for 15 seconds.
Cook poultry to a minimum of 165 degrees F for 15 seconds.
Cook vegetables to a temperature of 135 degrees F or higher.
Cooked food should be cooled from 135 degrees F to 70 degrees F within 2 hours and from 70 degrees F to 41 degrees F or lower in an additional 4 hours.
Cool foods to at least 70 degrees F before refrigerating or freezing.
Crack egg in separate bowl before combining to larger bowl.
Discard food held in the temperature danger zone for longer than four hours.
Hold cold foods at an internal temperature of 41 degrees F or lower.
Hold frozen foods at a temperature of 0 degrees F or lower.
Thaw food in a microwave oven if it will be cooked immediately after.
Hold hot foods at a minimum internal temperature of 135 degrees F or higher.
Hold hot foods at a minimum internal temperature of 135 degrees F or higher.
Inspect can before opening for swollen ends, rust, or dents.
Label food for storage with ingredient list and date of preparation.
Prepare raw foods separately from ready to eat foods.
Reduce the size or quantity of food to be cooled.
Reheat food to 165 degrees F for 15 seconds.
Remove from the refrigerator only as much product as can be prepared at one time.
Remove jewelry
Rotate products to ensure that the oldest inventory is used first.
Sanitize work surface, equipment, and utensils.
Store chemicals away from food products.
Store cut melons at 41 degrees F or lower.
Store fresh-cut produce between 33 to 41 degrees F to maintain quality.
Store raw meat, poultry, and fish in the bottom of the refrigerator.
Thaw food by submerging under running potable water at a temperature of 70 degrees F or lower.
Thaw food in a microwave oven if it will be cooked immediately after.
Thaw food in the refrigerator at 41 degrees F or lower.
Use a clean, sanitized, and calibrated thermometer to measure the internal temperature of foods.
Wash all fresh fruit prior to serving
Wash your hands
Wear gloves
Wear hairnet
Standardized Recipe Form
Recipe Name_____________________________________ Category_______________________________ Recipe #__________________________
(i.e., entrée, breads)
HACCP Process: _____ 1 – No Cook _____ 2 – Cook & Same Day Serve _____ 3 – Cook, Cool, Reheat, Serve
Ingredients
For ___________Servings
Directions: Include step by step instructions, the critical control points (CCP-specific points at which a hazard can be reduced, eliminated or prevented) and critical limit (time and/or temperature that must be achieved to control a hazard).
Weight
Measure
Serving Size___________________ Pan Size_______________.
Scanned with CamScanner1 STANDARIZATION OF A B.docx
This document provides instructions for a two-part experiment involving titration. In part A, students will standardize a NaOH solution by titrating it against a primary standard of KHP. In part B, students will use their standardized NaOH solution to determine the concentration of acetic acid in a vinegar sample through titration. Key steps and concepts discussed include buret usage, endpoint determination, stoichiometric calculations to determine concentration from titration data, and the purpose and characteristics of primary standards.
Scanlon Technologies, Inc. Anne Scanlon founded Scanlon Technol.docx
Scanlon Technologies, Inc.
*
Anne Scanlon founded Scanlon Technologies, Inc., in 1993. The company designed and manufactured high-tech products that were used in various industries ranging from semiconductor to aviation. Over the years, Scanlon Technologies reported a compound annual growth rate in revenues of over 20% due to high demand for the company’s products and Anne’s superior management skills. By the end of 1996, it was clear that any further growth would have to come from international expansion. However, establishing manufacturing operations and opening up sales and marketing offices abroad required a significant amount of capital. Anne considered investing more of her own money into the business; however, given that she already had most of her wealth tied up in the company, she decided against the idea. Moreover, she believed that the amount of funds Scanlon Technologies needed to raise for expansion was in the tens of millions. In her mind, there was only one clear solution—go public.
In September 1996, Anne hired J.P. Suisse, a top tier investment bank, to take Scanlon Technologies public. On January 1, 1997, the company, which was authorized by the State of Delaware to sell 20 million common stock and 10 million preferred stock, issued one million shares of common stock in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) and began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol STI. The stock, which had a par value of $1, was sold for $20 per share and climbed to $26 a share by the end of its first trading day.
As expected, the funds raised in the IPO were used to open offices all over the world as well as build a second manufacturing plant in Toronto, Canada. Over the next couple of years, business was good and the company was able to generate enough cash to maintain its level of operations.
In October 1999, Anne learned that Kadehjian
Solution
s Coporation, a competitor, was considering the option of being acquired. Anne believed that such an acquisition would position Scanlon Technologies as the industry leader. One of Kadehjian’s requirements for such an acquisition was that it be an all-cash transaction. Anne knew that this would require Scanlon Technologies to raise approximately $7 million.
Ann contracted J.P. Suisse to discuss raising these funds through the capital markets. The managing directors at J.P. Suisse recommended that Scanlon Technologies employ a combination of debt and equity securities. Anne agreed and on January 1, 2000, the company issued an additional one hundred thousand shares of its $1 par value common stock at $40 per share. On the same day, the company issued $2 million in bonds at 95.8, due in 5 years with 5% interest payable annually (at year end). The market interest rate at the time was 6% per year. Also on January 1, 2000, Scanlon Technologies issued $1.3 million in zero-coupon (i.e. no interest) convertible bonds, also due in 5 years. Each $1,000 bond converted into 20 shares of its commo.
scan the following 2 poems by Robert Herrick. analyze each poems rhy.docx
scan the following 2 poems by Robert Herrick. analyze each poems rhyme and verse and its meter and number of feet. then in a short paragraph, tell me what you think.
Upon Julia's Breasts
Display thy breasts, my Julia, there let me
Behold that circummortal purity;
Between whose glories, there my lips I'll lay,
Ravished in that fair Via Lactea.
Upon a Child That Died
Here she lies, a pretty bud,
Lately made of flesh and blood,
Who as soon fell fast asleep
As her little eyes did peep.
Give her strewings, but not stir
The earth that lightly covers her.
.
SBUX ISIncome Statement - As Reported 10K in millionsIncome Statem.docx
SBUX ISIncome Statement - As Reported 10K in millionsIncome Statement - As Reported 10Q in millions9/30/139/30/149/30/159/30/169/30/179/30/18TTM12/30/173/30/186/30/189/30/1812/29/18TTM Company-operated stores$11,793.2$12,977.9$15,197.3$16,844.1$17,650.719,690.320,318.8 Company-operated stores4,741.84,828.05,060.45,060.1$5,370.3020,318.8 Total specialty$3,073.6$3,469.9$3,965.4$4,471.8$4,736.15,029.24,959.6 Total specialty1,331.91,203.81,249.91,243.5$1,262.404,959.6 Licensed stores$1,360.5$1,588.6$1,861.9$2,154.2$2,355.02,652.22,706.9 Licensed stores682.4625.6660.6683.6$737.102,706.9 CPG, foodservice and other$1,713.1$1,881.3$2,103.5$2,317.6$2,381.12,377.02,252.7 CPG, foodservice and other649.5578.2589.3559.9$525.302,252.7Total net revenues$14,866.8$16,447.8$19,162.7$21,315.9$22,386.8$24,719.525,278.4Total net revenues6,073.76,031.86,310.36,303.6$6,632.7025,278.4 Cost of sales including occupancy costs-$6,382.3-$6,858.8-$7,787.5-$8,511.1-$9,038.2-10,174.5-10,434.2 Cost of sales including occupancy costs-2,502.9-2,516.0-2,554.9-2,604.6($2,758.70)-10,434.2 Store operating expenses-$4,286.1-$4,638.2-$5,411.1-$6,064.3-$6,493.3-7,193.2-7,449.2 Store operating expenses-1,737.0-1,789.6-1,825.0-1,841.6($1,993.00)-7,449.2 Other operating expenses-$431.8-$457.3-$522.4-$545.4-$553.8-539.3-532.2 Other operating expenses-141.6-134.3-148.0-156.7($93.20)-532.2 Depreciation and amortization expenses-$621.4-$709.6-$893.9-$980.8-$1,011.4-1,247.0-1,321.6 Depreciation and amortization expenses-258.8-331.6-330.0-326.6($333.40)-1,321.6 General and administrative expenses-$937.9-$991.3-$1,196.7-$1,360.6-$1,393.3-1,759.0-1,797.8 General and administrative expenses-379.1-405.8-468.7-460.0($463.30)-1,797.8 Restructuring and impairments$0.0$0.0$0.0$0.0-$153.5-224.4-240.0 Restructuring and impairments-27.6-134.7-16.9-45.2($43.20)-240.0 Litigation credit / charge-$2,784.1$20.2$0.0$0.0$0.0$0.0Income from equity investees89.452.771.487.7$67.80279.6Income from equity investees$251.4$268.3$249.9$318.2$391.4301.2279.6Operating income / loss1,116.1772.51,038.2956.6$1,015.703,783.0Operating income / loss-$325.4$3,081.1$3,601.0$4,171.9$4,134.7$3,883.33,783.0Gain resulting from acquisition of joint venture1,326.3Net interest and other income62.3483-$24.8074.9 Gain resulting from acquisition of joint venture$0.0$0.0$390.6$0.0$0.01,376.4$0.0 Interest income and other, net88.2313239$24.80126.0Loss on divestiture of certain operations$0.0$0.0-$61.1$0.0$0.0499.2 Interest expense-25.9-503($75.00)-77.0 Interest income and other, net$123.6$142.7$43.0$108.0$275.3191.4$126.0Earnings / loss before income taxes3,005.9363236$965.501,068.7 Interest expense-$28.1-$64.1-$70.5-$81.3-$92.5-170.3-$77.0Income tax expense / benefit-755.8-35-45-64($205.10)-349.4Earnings / loss before income taxes-$229.9$3,159.7$3,903.0$4,198.6$4,317.5$5,780.0$1,068.7Net earnings / loss including noncontrolling interests2,250.18161,027932$760.403,534.721.83%Net earnings / loss attributab.
Scan the articles in the attached course text. Write a discussi.docx
Scan the articles in the attached course text. Write a discussion initial post on one of the articles. Choose the one that interests you most.
1.Provide a very brief overview of what you think are the key points (a literature review).
2.What about the policy area interests you?
3.What about the information systems involved in the article interested you?
4.How might this article’s research approach help you in your dissertation research project?
(NOTE: Please cut and paste the above-numbered list into your reply to help with organization.)
.
Scale Ratio Variable Histograms are useful for presenting qu.docx
Scale Ratio Variable
Histograms are useful for presenting quantitative data such as the example variable ADULT_CT which describes the number of individuals per household. The variable measurement is scale ratio and as it depicts a number, a histogram is able to reflect the number of individuals belonging to each variable value or interval of values (Mishra, Pandey, Singh & Gupta, 2018).). Histograms divide the variable into equal intervals as shown below in individuals reported per home. The graph indicates nearly 3,000 reporting and displays the individual numbers per interval. The bar levels of the graph make it is easy to discern the average number reporting as 2 per household.
Nominal Variable
As nominal variables depict qualitative data such as in the variable Q87 which describes the level of trust individuals felt towards others, a pie graph would be beneficial to use as it easily displays each group or individual share in the total being examined (Mishra, Pandey, Singh & Gupta, 2018). For example, the pie graph here which shows what percentage of trust was and wasn’t felt toward others. Graphs like these are appropriate for showing a variable that cannot be ordered or numerical in value such as feelings of trust (Frankfort-Nachmias, Leon-Guerrero & Davis, 2020).
References
Frankfort-Nachmias, C., Leon-Guerrero, A., & Davis, G. (2020). Social statistics for a diverse society (9th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., & Gupta, A. (2018). Scales of measurement and presentation of statistical data.
Annals of cardiac anesthesia
,
21
(4), 419.
Wagner, III, W.E. (2020).
Using IBM® SPSS® statistics for research methods and social science statistics
(7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Be sure to support your Main Post and Response Post with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA Style.
.
Scan 12Scan 13Scan 14Scan 15Scan 16Scan 17Scan 18Scan 19
HIST 308
Sofia Clark
Spring 2020
Research Paper
Sample Outline:
1) Introduction
2) Story of capture
3) Background on British antislavery
4) Background on Royal Navy
5) Background on this specific Royal Navy vessel
6) Story of what treaty was used to condemn the slave ship
7) Background on treaty
8) Background on British relations with treaty country
9) Background on slave trade in this particular region
10) Story of what happens to the captives removed from this particular slave ship
11) Background on the general treatment of liberated Africans
12) Explanation of how the story of your ship exemplifies the broader history of slavery and anti-slavery
Bibliography
1) The slave trade in general (i.e., either the Transatlantic slave trade or Indian Ocean slave trade depending on your ship)
Article (JSTOR): Alkalimat, Abdul. "Slave Trade." In The African American Experience in Cyberspace: A Resource Guide to the Best Web Sites on Black Culture and History, 34-42. LONDON; STERLING, VIRGINIA: Pluto Press, 2004. Accessed May 30, 2020. doi:10.2307/j.ctt183q64x.8.
Article (JSTOR): JUNKER, CARSTEN. "Containing Bodies—Enscandalizing Enslavement: Stasis and Movement at the Juncture of Slave-Ship Images and Texts." In Migrating the Black Body: The African Diaspora and Visual Culture, edited by RAIFORD LEIGH and RAPHAEL-HERNANDEZ HEIKE, 13-29. Seattle; London: University of Washington Press, 2017. Accessed May 30, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvcwnj4v.5.
2) The slave trade in the specific area of Africa in which your ship embarked enslaved African captives (e.g., Bight of Benin, Senegambia, Angola).
Book (JSTOR): Strickrodt, Silke. "The Atlantic Connection: Little Popo & the Rise of Afro-European Trade on the Western Slave Coast, C. 1600 to 1702." In Afro-European Trade in the Atlantic World: The Western Slave Coast, C. 1550- C. 1885, 65-101. Woodbridge, Suffolk; Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer, 2015. Accessed May 30, 2020. doi:10.7722/j.ctt7zst5n.9.
Article (JSTOR): Graham, James D. "The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach." Cahiers D'Études Africaines 5, no. 18 (1965): 317-34. Accessed May 30, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/4390897.
3) Slavery in the region to which your ship was heading (e.g., Cuba, Bahia, Pernambuco).
Book (One Search): Schneider, Elena Andrea. The Occupation of Havana: War, Trade, and Slavery in the Atlantic World. North Carolina Scholarship Online. Williamsburg, Virginia : Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture ; University of North Carolina Press, 2018.
Article (Project Muse): Garrigus, John. "Cuba, Haiti, and the Age of Atlantic Revolution." Reviews in American History 44, no. 1 (2016): 52-57. doi:10.1353/rah.2016.0012.
4) British antislavery policy toward the country your ship was from (e.g., Portugal, Spain, USA)
Book- page 14(Academic Search Premiere- also works for #.
Educational Psychology 565 Practice Quiz(use α = .05 unl.docxtoltonkendal
Educational Psychology 565 Practice Quiz
(use α = .05 unless otherwise stated).
1. A small school district wants to know what type of teaching/learning is most effective at helping students learn to read. Three methods are proposed (top-down, bottom-up, and interactive). It is believed that the gender of the teacher may also be important in student learning, so the study also aims to determine if gender of the teacher is important. There are 12 schools in the district, and each school has 1 second grade class (each class has 10 students). Two female teachers and two male teachers’ classrooms are randomly assigned to each of the three methods (all 12 teachers have just been hired in the district). At the end of the year, the students all took a 100 item standardized multiple-choice reading test called the “EZreading” test (note: the analysis was performed at the student level).
Coding:
teachgender = gender of teacher: 1= men, 2 = women
Teachmeth = teaching method (1=top-down, 2=bottom-up, 3=interactive)
EZread = scores on the Ezread reading test
Use SPSS output “SPSS printout for question 1”to help answer the parts below.
a. What is/are the independent variable(s) in this experiment (Be specific)? What level of measurement is/are the IV(s)? Explain why?
b. What is/are the dependent variable(s) in this experiment (Be specific)? What level of measurement is/are the DV(s)? Explain why?
c. State the null hypotheses and alternative hypotheses for the factors and the interaction in symbols and words.
d. Do you think the assumption of homogeneity of variance has been met? Support your answer.
e. Do you think the assumption of independence has been met? Support your answer.
f. Calculate Cohen’s d for the difference between the top-down and interactive methods. Explain what Cohen’s d means for this comparison.
g. Is the interaction of the two factors statistically significant? Explain your answer.
h. Report the results of the study along with an interpretation for the results. You do not need to write up the results like a results section; you can just report the findings with statements about each factor and the interaction of the two factors. Be sure to cite evidence from your analysis.
i. Based on the results of the study what would you recommend about teaching method and gender of teachers?
2. Answer the following questions.
Source
SS
df
MS
F
Between
100
20
Within
2
50
Total
200
7
a. Complete the ANOVA source table (fill in all blank spaces)
b. How many people are in this study. (hint: use degrees of freedom)
c. What is the critical F at α = .01? Would you reject the null hypothesis? Explain your answer.
d. What are the critical F at α = .05? Would you reject the null hypothesis? Explain your answer.
e. Why do the conclusions from items c and d differ? Explain your answer in terms of Type I and II errors.
3. A researcher wants to kn.
This document contains class notes from an empirical research methods course. It outlines key concepts related to sampling, statistics, experimental design, and data analysis techniques including t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and factorial ANOVA. Examples are provided to illustrate how to conduct statistical tests in SPSS and how to interpret and report results. Key terms are defined throughout to explain assumptions, computations, and interpretations of different statistical analyses.
This document contains class notes from an empirical research methods course. It outlines key concepts related to sampling, statistics, experimental design, and data analysis techniques including t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and factorial ANOVA. Examples are provided to illustrate how to conduct statistical tests in SPSS and how to interpret and report results. Key terms are defined throughout to explain assumptions, computations, and interpretations of different statistical analyses.
This document provides an overview of a basic statistics workshop for language teachers. It includes definitions of key statistical concepts like descriptive statistics, the normal distribution, reliability and validity. It also summarizes how to compare means using t-tests and ANOVA, and how to analyze correlations between variables. The workshop aims to help teachers calculate and interpret common statistical measures.
Week 7 - Linear Regression Exercises SPSS Output Simple.docxcockekeshia
Week 7 - Linear Regression Exercises SPSS Output
Simple Linear Regression SPSS Output
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
Family income prior month,
all sources
$1,485.49 $950.496 378
Hours worked per week in
current job
33.52 12.359 378
Correlations
Family income
prior month, all
sources
Hours worked
per week in
current job
Pearson Correlation Family income prior month,
all sources
1.000 .300
Hours worked per week in
current job
.300 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) Family income prior month,
all sources
. .000
Hours worked per week in
current job
.000 .
N Family income prior month,
all sources
378 378
Hours worked per week in
current job
378 378
Model Summary
Model
R R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
1 .300a .090 .088 $907.877
a. Predictors: (Constant), Hours worked per week in current job
ANOVAb
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 3.068E7 1 3.068E7 37.226 .000a
Residual 3.099E8 376 824241.002
Total 3.406E8 377
a. Predictors: (Constant), Hours worked per week in current job
b. Dependent Variable: Family income prior month, all sources
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
95.0% Confidence Interval
for B
B Std. Error Beta Lower Bound Upper Bound
1 (Constant) 711.651 135.155 5.265 .000 445.896 977.405
Hours worked per week
in current job
23.083 3.783 .300 6.101 .000 15.644 30.523
a. Dependent Variable: Family income prior month, all sources
Part II: Multiple Regression SPSS Output
This part is going to begin with an example that has been interpreted for you. Analyze the output
provided and read the interpretation of the data so that you will have an understanding of what you
will do for the multiple regression assignment.
Descriptive Statistics
Mean Std. Deviation N
CES-D Score 18.5231 11.90747 156
CESD Score, Wave 1 17.6987 11.40935 156
Number types of abuse .83 1.203 156
Correlations
CES-D Score
CESD Score,
Wave 1
Number types
of abuse
Pearson Correlation CES-D Score 1.000 .412 .347
CESD Score, Wave 1 .412 1.000 .187
Number types of abuse .347 .187 1.000
Sig. (1-tailed) CES-D Score . .000 .000
CESD Score, Wave 1 .000 . .010
Number types of abuse .000 .010 .
N CES-D Score 156 156 156
CESD Score, Wave 1 156 156 156
Number types of abuse 156 156 156
Model Summary
Model
R R Square
Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
Change Statistics
R Square
Change F Change df1 df2 Sig. F Change
1 .412a .170 .164 10.88446 .170 31.506 1 154 .000
2 .496b .246 .236 10.41016 .076 15.352 1 153 .000
a. Predictors: (Constant), CESD Score, Wave 1
b. Predictors: (Constant), CESD Score, Wave 1, Number types of abuse
ANOVAc
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 3732.507 1 3732.507 31.506 .000a
Residual 18244.613 154 118.472
Total 21977.1.
26 Ch. 3 Organizing and Graphing DataAssignment 2ME.docxeugeniadean34240
26 Ch. 3: Organizing and Graphing Data
Assignment 2
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
Fill in the blanks:
4.1. The score that repeats the most often in a distribution is called the ______.
4.2. The descriptive statistic used the most in inferential statistics as a measure of central tendency is the _________.
4.3. The measure of central tendency used with nominal scale data is the _______.
4.4. To find the mean of a sample, thethe sum of the scoresas is divided by ______.
Circle the correct answer:
4.5. In a positively skewed distribution, the majority of the scores cluster above/below the ________.
4.6. The mode and the mean have the same values in distributions that are normal/negatively skewed.
4.7. Distributions with few scores are more/less likely to have a mode than distributions with many scores.
Answer the following questions:
4.8. Which measure of central tendency would be the most appropriate for summarizing the following test scores? Explain your choice.
13, 14, 10, 38, 11, 12, 16, 15
4.9. What is the difference between and ? How are they related to each other?
4.10. A distribution of 10 scores has a mean of 6. Following are 9 scores of this distribution. Which score is missing (remember that the mean should be 6)?
4, 8, 10, 5, 9, 3, 6, 7, 3
4.11. When the sum of a group of scores is 280 and the mean of the scores is 7, how many scores are in the distribution?
4.12. Find the mode, median, and mean of the distribution depicted in the following histogram:
Frequency
Scores
MEASURES OF VARIABILITY
Circle the correct answer:
5.1. The distance between the highest and the lowest scores is called the range/variance.
5.2. The SD is equal to the square root of the mean/variance.
5.3. A test with 30 items is likely to have a higher/lower standard deviation that a test with 80 items.
5.4. The mean of the squared deviation scores is called the variance/standard deviation.
5.5. The SD of the number of errors found by an auditor in a sample of accounts of one company is likely to be higher/lower than the SD of the number of errors found in samples taken from a number of different companies.
5.6. The SD is/is not sensitive to extreme scores.
5.7. The variance of the population is represented by S2/2.
5.8. In most cases, the variance is larger/smaller than the SD.
5.9. The measure of variability that takes into consideration every score in the distribution is the range/standard deviation.
Answer/compute the following questions:
5.10. Study the following three distributions. What are the similarities and differences between the three distributions in terms of their means, ranges, and standard deviations? (Note: Assume the three distributions to be samples if you decide to compute their standard deviations.)
Distribution A: 8, 9, 6, 12, 5
Distribution B: 7, 10, 11, 8, 4
Distribution C: 7, 9, 8, 9, 7
5.11. Three statistics classes (Sections A, B and C), each with 26 students, took the same test. The SD o.
The document provides an overview of different statistical analysis methods including independent ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and MANOVA. It discusses key aspects of each method such as their appropriate uses, assumptions, and how to conduct the analyses and interpret results in SPSS. For ANOVA, it covers topics like F-ratio, significance levels, post-hoc tests, effect sizes, and examples. For MANOVA, it compares it to ANOVA and explains how MANOVA can assess differences across groups on multiple dependent variables simultaneously.
Researchers use several tools and procedures for analyzing quantitative data obtained from different types of experimental designs. Different designs call for different methods of analysis. This presentation focuses on:
T-test
Analysis of variance (F-test), and
Chi-square test
The document describes using a one-way ANOVA to analyze data from an experiment that used three standardization methods (external calibration curve, standard addition, and internal standard) to determine the concentration of three paraffin analytes. The one-way ANOVA found a statistically significant difference between the means of the three standardization methods. Post-hoc analysis with Tukey's test showed the standard addition method mean was significantly different from the other two methods, but those other methods did not differ significantly.
This document summarizes the results of an analysis examining reading comprehension scores based on background noise and practice conditions. Key findings include:
1) Reading comprehension scores were significantly higher with practice compared to no practice.
2) Scores were significantly higher with no noise compared to high noise levels.
3) There was a significant interaction between practice and noise conditions, such that practice had a greater positive effect on scores under high noise compared to no noise.
This document discusses various types of analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical tests. It begins with an introduction to one-way ANOVA for comparing the means of three or more independent groups. Requirements for one-way ANOVA include a nominal independent variable with three or more levels and a continuous dependent variable. Assumptions of one-way ANOVA include normality and homogeneity of variances. The document then briefly discusses two-way ANOVA, MANOVA, ANOVA with repeated measures, and related statistical tests. Examples of each type of ANOVA are provided.
One-way ANOVA compares the means of three or more independent groups and is used to determine if there are any statistically significant differences between the means. Two-way ANOVA compares the means of two independent variables and can examine interactions between them. MANOVA compares the means of multiple dependent variables. Researchers use ANOVA to examine questions about potential differences between groups based on one or more independent variables.
The document describes how analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be used to compare mean exam scores between students sitting in different rows (front, middle, back) of a classroom. ANOVA measures variation between and within groups. If the between-group variation is significantly greater than the within-group variation, then at least one group mean is different. The ANOVA calculation and assumptions are shown using example data. The results show the mean scores differed significantly between rows, rejecting the null hypothesis that all row means were equal.
The document summarizes the results of a one-way repeated measures ANOVA comparing ratings of lectures with different numbers of visual aids. The ANOVA found a significant effect of the number of visual aids, with ratings being significantly higher for lectures with few visual aids compared to those with none or many visual aids. Pairwise comparisons showed ratings were significantly higher with few visual aids than with none or many, but the difference between none and many was not significant. An alternative analysis using ranked data and a repeated measures ANOVA on ranks produced similar results.
The document discusses statistical tests such as the t-test and F-test. The t-test is used to compare means of two samples, such as comparing sample means before and after treatment. There are different types of t-tests, including paired samples and independent samples t-tests. The F-test, also called the F-ratio, compares variances between samples and is used in analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test differences between two or more groups. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to perform t-tests and F-tests to analyze data and test hypotheses.
The document discusses analysis of variance (ANOVA), specifically the F-test. It explains that ANOVA compares the means of two or more groups and includes one-way, two-way, and three-way ANOVA. A one-way ANOVA involves one variable while a two-way ANOVA involves two variables like column and row factors. The F-test is used to determine if there are significant differences between and among group means. An example demonstrates how to conduct a one-way ANOVA on sales data from four brands of shampoo.
This document discusses different statistical tests used to analyze experimental research data, including the t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and chi-square test. It provides examples of how to apply each test and interpret the results. The t-test is used to compare the means of two groups, ANOVA is used for comparing more than two groups, and chi-square is used to analyze relationships between categorical variables. Computer programs like SPSS can perform these statistical analyses to help researchers evaluate experimental data.
ScanScan 1Scan 2Scan 3Scan 4Scan 5Scan 6Scan 7Scan 8Scan 9Scan 10Scan 11Scan 12Scan 13
Chapter 13 Global Health Challenges
MANY INDIVIDUALS AND NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) HELP FIGHT GLOBAL DISEASE. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation plays a key role in the war against malaria, AIDS, and other diseases. Melinda and Bill Gates met with doctors and patients at the Manhica Research Center and Hospital in an area of Mozambique heavily affected by malaria.
Learning Objectives
1. 13.1Recall the causes and effects of noncommunicable diseases
2. 13.2Evaluate the role of global travel and trade in facilitating the globalization of infectious diseases
3. 13.3Outline the three developments that gave rise to the concept of human security
4. 13.4Describe the three epidemiologic transitions to better understand contemporary concerns about infectious diseases
5. 13.5Report the cause, spread, effects, and control measures of influenza and avian flu
6. 13.6Report the cause, spread, effects, and control measures of malaria
7. 13.7Recognize the causes and preventive measures of HIV
8. 13.8Report the origin, spread, effects, and control measures of SARS
9. 13.9Report the origin, spread, effects, and control measures of Ebola
10. 13.10Outline role of the WHO in preventing the spread of infectious diseases
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and mental illness in general and Alzheimer’s disease in particular are the leading causes of death and disability globally. Long associated with affluent Western standards of living, NCDs are now a global problem. While rich countries are better equipped to deal with chronic diseases, they are far more deadly in poor countries. Growing numbers of old people and the spread of middle-class lifestyles make NCDs more prevalent than infectious diseases. Globalization also contributes to the growth of NCDs by helping expand the global middle class and by promoting fast foods, sugary drinks, alcohol, smoking, processed foods, and sedentary lifestyles. A major global health threat that undermines efforts to cure diseases is the emergence of germs that are resistant to antibiotics. This is due mainly to the excessive use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture.
Infectious diseases are intertwined with numerous global issues and are inseparable from political, economic, and cultural components of globalization. Ethnic conflicts make populations vulnerable to infectious diseases. Fighting contributes to the collapse of public services, which means that many people die from what would ordinarily be treatable diseases, such as diarrhea and respiratory infections. Conflicts also create refugees, overcrowding, and unsanitary conditions, thereby creating environments conducive to the spread of infectious diseases.
Environmental degradation and deforestation expose humans to a variety of infectious diseases. They also contribute to global warming and flooding,.
Scapegoating is a theory of prejudice and discrimination. Societ.docxtodd331
Scapegoating is a theory of prejudice and discrimination. Society looks at the weakest group, and places blame on that group for all ills. That group then becomes the bottom level of society. We've seen this over the past 18 months. Illegal immigrants have been blamed for many issues, in particular crime and unemployment rates. Yet, I know few in my own area who will do the jobs these folks do every day. As for crime, please see the link below for a journal article that addresses this issue. Most crimes committed by immigrants without papers are misdemeanors.
What are your thoughts?
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INSTRUCTIONS
Write a brief case study (ALZHIEMER DISEASE) of a real or hypothetical issue or problem that needs investigation (approx. 200-250 words max).
Discussion 3.2: Hypothesis Test Tag Team
Corporate Responsibility 8;
The Social Responsibility of Business Is
to Increase Its Profits
Milton Friedman
When I hear businessmen speak eloquently
about the “social responsibilities of business
in a free-enterprise system,” I am reminded
of the wonderful line about the Frenchman
who discovered at the age of 70 that he had
been speaking prose all his life. The busi
nessmen believe that they are defending free
enterprise when they declaim that business
is not concerned “merely” with profit but
also with promoting desirable “social” ends;
that business has a “social conscience” and
takes seriously its responsibilities for provid
ing employment, eliminating discrimina
tion, avoiding pollution and whatever else
may be the catchwords of the contemporary
crop of reformers. In fact they are—or
would be if they or anyone else took them
seriously—preaching pure and unadulter
ated socialism. Businessmen who talk this
way are unwitting puppets of the intellectual
forces that have been undermining the basis
of a free society these past decades.
The discussions of the “social responsibil
ities of business” are notable for their analyt
ical looseness and lack of rigor. What does it
mean to say that “business” has responsibili
ties? Only people can have responsibilities.
A corporation is an artificial person and in
this sense may have artificial responsibili
ties, but “business” as a whole cannot be said
to have responsibilities, even in this vague
sense. The first step toward clarity in ex
amining the doctrine of the social responsi
bility of business is to ask precisely what it
implies for whom.
Presumably, the individuals who are to be
responsible are businessmen, which means
individual proprietors or corporate execu
tives. Most of the discussion of social respon
sibility is directed at corporations, so in what
follows I shall mostly neglect the individual
proprietors and speak of corporate execu
tives.
In a free-enterprise, private-property sys
tem, a corporate executive is an employee of
the owners of the business. He has direct re
sponsibility to his employers. That responsi
bility is to conduct the business in accord
ance with their desires, which generally will
be to make as much money as possible while
conforming to the basic rules of the society,
both those embodied in law and those em
bodied in ethical custom. Of course, in some
cases his employers may have a different ob
jective. A group of persons might establish a
corporation for an eleemosynary purpose—
for example, a hospital or a school. The
manager of such a corporation will not have
money profit as his objectives but the ren
dering of certain services.
In either case,.
Sara Mohammed1991 Washington St.Indiana, PA 15701(571) 550-3.docxtodd331
Sara Mohammed
1991 Washington St.
Indiana, PA 15701
(571) 550-3232
[email protected]
EDUCATION
Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP) Expected December 2020
Bachelor of Science in Business
Northern Virginia Community College (NOVA), Woodbridge, VA May 2016
English As a Second Language
Volunteerism
Saudi club association at Gannon University Fall 2018
SKILLS
· Speak three languages (Arabic, English, and Turkish)
· Knowledge with technology
· Experience with Microsoft, Word, Excel, and PowerPoint
· Looking for helping others always
· Familiar with taking care of kids
.
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Application Assignment 2: Part 2 - Developing an Advocacy Campaign
The following application, Part 2, will be due in Week 7.
To prepare:
· Review Chapter 3 of Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide.
· In the first assignment, you reflected on whether the policy you would like to promote could best be achieved through the development of new legislation, or a change in an existing law or regulation. Refine as necessary using any feedback from your first paper.
· Contemplate how existing laws or regulations may affect how you proceed in advocating for your proposed policy.
· Consider how you could influence legislators or other policymakers to enact the policy you propose.
· Think about the obstacles of the legislative process that may prevent your proposed policy from being implemented as intended.
·
To complete:
Part Two will have approximately 3–4 pages of content plus a title page and references. Part Two will address the following:
· Explain whether your proposed policy could be enacted through a modification of existing law or regulation or the creation of new legislation/regulation.
· Explain how existing laws or regulations could affect your advocacy efforts. Be sure to cite and reference the laws and regulations using primary sources.
· Provide an analysis of the methods you could use to influence legislators or other policymakers to support your policy. In particular, explain how you would use the “three legs” of lobbying in your advocacy efforts.
· Summarize obstacles that could arise in the legislative process and how to overcome these hurdles.
Milstead: 3 Legs of Lobbying
“According to Milstead (2013), Leg One of the Three-Legged Stool consists of lobbying which is the act of influencing – the art of persuading-a government entity. “Legislators often rely on lobbyists’ expertise to help them understand what they are voting for or against.” (Milstead, 2013, p. 53). Local State Representatives should be targeted as a champion for the bill and that’s likely where an average voter can begin for their voice to be heard at the local and state levels.Leg Two of the Three-Legged Stool also includes the grassroots lobbyists. The AmericanNurses Association often spear-heads lobbying efforts in the best interest of the public on healthcare related issues and has a strong history of working with Congress on these important issues. “Grassroots lobbyists are constituents who have the power to elect officials through their vote and have expertise and knowledge about a particular issue (such as nurses in healthcare reform debates)” (Milstead, 2013, p. 54). Nurses can become a member of the American Nurses Association or other associations to ensure nurses have a voice on these important issues”
Reflection
Associate Professor Michael Segon
Director MBA
1
Reflection
Reflection is used as a learning tool to make sense of what we have experienced and how we can optimise our learning from that experience.
.
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Chapter 13:The Bureaucracy
ADA Text Version
Learning Objectives
1. Describe the formal organization of the federal bureaucracy.
2. Classify the vital functions performed by the bureaucracy.
3. Explain the present Civil Service system and contrast it with the 19th century spoils system.
4. Identify the various factors contributing to bureaucracy's growth over time.
5. Compare the means by which Congress and the president attempt to maintain control over the bureaucracy.
6. Analyze and evaluate the problems that bureaucratic organization poses for American democracy.
Introduction
The very word "bureaucracy" often carries negative connotations. To refer to an institution as a "bureaucracy" or characterize it as "bureaucratic" is usually intended as an insult. But the national bureaucracy, sometimes called the "fourth branch of government", is responsible for practically all of the day-to-day work of governing the country. While bureaucracy in the United States, consistent with our tradition of more limited government, is smaller than its counterparts in other longstanding democracies, its influence extends to almost every corner of American society. From delivery of the mail to regulation of the stock market to national defense, federal employees plan, regulate, adjudicate, enforce, and implement federal law. Despite recurrent calls to "shrink" the size of government, the federal bureaucracy remains the largest single employer in the United States. This lesson examines the bureaucracy's formal organization, its critical role in the American economy and society, and its perceived weaknesses.
Study Questions
1. How did sociologist Max Weber define bureaucracy?
2. Identify the various functions federal bureaucracies perform giving at least one example each:
a. Implementation
b. Regulation
c. Adjudication
d. Enforcement
e. Policy-making
3. How many people does the federal government employ? For what percentage of GDP does federal spending account? How does this compare to other economically advanced democracies?
4. Classify and distinguish the major types of bureaucracy in the federal government:
a. Cabinet Departments
b. Independent Agencies
c. Independent Regulatory Commissions
d. Government Corporations
5. How does the federal bureaucracy select and recruit personnel? Contrast the present civil service system with the spoils system. What advantages does the present system provide?
6. What factors explain the growth of bureaucracy over time despite recurrent calls for limiting the size of government?
7. Identify those factors in the budget process making it difficult to cut bureaucratic funding.
8. Describe the way Congress authorizes funding for the federal bureaucracy.
9. How does Congress attempt to control the federal bureaucracy?
10. How does the president attempt to control the federal bureaucracy?
11. What special problems does bureaucratic independence present in a democracy? Discuss with re.
SANS SIFT tool Final project , related to (digital foren.docxtodd331
SANS SIFT tool Final project , related to (digital forensics tools and technique)
Description : A 500-700 word, double spaced paper, written in APA format, showing sources and a bibliography and ppt presentation too
Presentation materials
.
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TABLE 2.2 Connecting Knowledge of Development and Learning to Teaching Practices
Principles of Child Development and Learning
Developmentally Appropriate Teaching Practices
Children develop holistically
• Teachers plan daily activities and routines to address aesthetic, emotional, cognitive, language, physical, and social development.
• Teachers integrate learning across the curriculum (e.g., mixing language, physical, and social; combining math, science, and reading).
Child development follows an orderly sequence
• Teachers use their knowledge of developmental sequences to gauge whether children are developing as expected, to determine reasonable expectations, and to plan next steps in the learning process.
Children develop at varying rates
• Teachers give children opportunities to pursue activities at their own pace.
• Teachers repeat activities more than once so children can participate according to changing needs and abilities.
• Teachers plan activities with multiple learning objectives to address the needs of more and less advanced learners.
Children learn best when they feel safe and secure
• Teachers develop nurturing relationships with children and remain with children long enough so children can easily identify a specific adult from whom to seek help, comfort, attention, and guidance.
• Daily routines are predictable. Changes in routine are explained in advance so children can anticipate what will happen.
• There is two-way communication between teachers and families, and families are welcome in the program.
• Children have access to images, objects, and activities that reflect their home experiences.
• The early childhood environment complies with all safety requirements.
• Adults use positive discipline to enhance children’s self-esteem, self-control, and problem-solving abilities.
• Teachers address aggression and bullying calmly, firmly, and proactively.
Children are active learners
• Activities, transitions, and routines respect children’s attention span, need for activity and need for social interaction. Inactive segments of the day are short.
• Children participate in gross motor activities every day.
Children learn through a combination of physical experience, social experience, and reflection
• Adults encourage children to explore and investigate. They pose questions, offer information, and challenge children’s thinking.
• Children have many chances to document and reflect on their ideas.
Children learn through mastery and challenge
• Practitioners simplify, maintain, or extend activities in response to children’s functioning and comprehension.
Children’s learning profiles vary
• Teachers present the same information in more than one modality (seeing, hearing, touching) and through different types of activities.
• Children have opportunities to play on their own and with others; indoors and outdoors; with natural and manufactured materials.
Chil.
Sandro Reyes 1
5
Human Impact on the Environment
Every day, I see the harmful impacts of humans on the environment. Just 13 percent of the globe’s oceans remain unsoiled by humanity’s damaging impacts (Carrington, 2018). In the remotest poles and Pacific areas, most of the ocean has no natural marine wildlife. Pollution, huge fishing fleets, and global shipping along with climate change are all degrading the oceans. The vehicles we drive every day, industrial wastes, overpopulation, and fossil fuels, all have negative effects on the environment. Human activities are negatively affecting the environment by degrading it and sooner or later, the earth will not be able to sustain humans.
Overpopulation is now an epidemic with decreased mortality rates, improved medicine, and food sustainability. We are living longer, which is increasing population. The impact of overpopulation includes environmental degradation due to cutting down of trees to create space. With less trees to filter the air, an increase in carbon dioxide levels is damaging every single organism (Interesting Engineering, 2019). Another effect of overpopulation is overdependence on fossil fuels such as coal and oil, which emit plentiful carbon oxide into the air. With increased population, humans need more space, which damage ecosystems and augment carbon dioxide emissions.
Pollution is another impact of human activities on the environment. From trash, industrial wastes to carbon dioxide emissions into the air, pollutions is inevitable. Over 2.4 billion individuals have no access to sources of clean water. Human activities continue to deplete indispensable resources such as soil, water, and air. United States, for example, produces 147 million metric tons of air pollution annually (Interesting Engineering, 2019). Air quality in developing nations continues to plummet as well. This means that we are engaging in activities that are hurting the environment.
Global warming is one of the greatest causes of environmental degradation contributed by human activities. Some people do not believe that global warming is real. However, that is not true, and its major contributors include carbon dioxide emissions from respiration, deforestation, and burning fossil fuels. Each year, we continue to contribute to levels of carbon dioxide globally. Current levels exceed 400 PPM, and the rise in carbon dioxide emissions are attributed to an increase in global temperatures (Interesting Engineering, 2019). The result is the melting of arctic glaciers and land ice, which will increase sea levels, and have negative effects on oceanic life.
Climate change is another impact on the environment that is being caused by us. It is linked .
Scanned with CamScannerResearch Summary (paper)For thi.docxtodd331
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Research Summary (paper)
For this assignment you summarize one of the experimental research studies from your research collection.
(I did not make one, feel free to choose any research that has to do with psychology.)
Check out Audris Oh's research summary I put in the files -- it's a great model.
Write your summary in 5 pages or so, basically summarizing each of the major sections - literature review, methods section, results section and discussion. Let the abstract at the beginning of the paper guide you (It's just one paragraph but is a great guide). Why was the study done and how does it fit in with other work in the field (the intro or lit review)? What was the actual experiment (the methods section)? What were the results (the results section)? Why is it important (the discussion section)? Conclude your paper with a personal reaction -- does this fit with what you’ve seen? How might you use any insight the study provides?
Include the pdf of the article (or link to it) and the reference to the article in APA style. Here's an example of a reference:
Stein, S., Isaacs, G., & Andrews, T. (2004). Incorporating authentic learning experiences within a university course. Studies in Higher Education, 29(2), 239-258.
Example of how the essay should look like: https://middlesexcc.libguides.com/ld.php?content_id=7578609
Mendel, 150 years on
T.H. Noel Ellis1, Julie M.I. Hofer1, Gail M. Timmerman-Vaughan2, Clarice J. Coyne3
and Roger P. Hellens4
1
Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan Campus, Aberystwyth,
Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
2
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
3
USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
4
The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand
Review
Mendel’s paper ‘Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden’ is the
best known in a series of studies published in the late 18th
and 19th centuries that built our understanding of the
mechanism of inheritance. Mendel investigated the seg-
regation of seven gene characters of pea (Pisum sativum),
of which four have been identified. Here, we review what
is known about the molecular nature of these genes,
which encode enzymes (R and Le), a biochemical regula-
tor (I) and a transcription factor (A). The mutations are: a
transposon insertion (r), an amino acid insertion (i), a
splice variant (a) and a missense mutation (le-1). The
nature of the three remaining uncharacterized characters
(green versus yellow pods, inflated versus constricted
pods, and axial versus terminal flowers) is discussed.
Mendel’s studies: species, traits and genes
Mendel’s paper ‘Versuche ü ber Pflanzen-Hybriden’ [1] is
the best known in a series of studies published in the late
18th and 19th centuries [2–4] that built our understanding
of the mechanism of inheritance [5]. The title of M.
Scanned with CamScannerHACCP Recipe TermsCheck tempe.docxtodd331
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HACCP Recipe Terms
Check temperature of food at least every four hours and record
Check temperature of storage area at beginning of shift.
Cook eggs, poultry, fish, and meat in a microwave oven to a minimum temperature of 165 degrees F.
Cook fish to a minimum of 145 degrees F for 15 seconds.
Cook ground meats to a minimum of 155 degrees F for 15 seconds.
Cook poultry to a minimum of 165 degrees F for 15 seconds.
Cook vegetables to a temperature of 135 degrees F or higher.
Cooked food should be cooled from 135 degrees F to 70 degrees F within 2 hours and from 70 degrees F to 41 degrees F or lower in an additional 4 hours.
Cool foods to at least 70 degrees F before refrigerating or freezing.
Crack egg in separate bowl before combining to larger bowl.
Discard food held in the temperature danger zone for longer than four hours.
Hold cold foods at an internal temperature of 41 degrees F or lower.
Hold frozen foods at a temperature of 0 degrees F or lower.
Thaw food in a microwave oven if it will be cooked immediately after.
Hold hot foods at a minimum internal temperature of 135 degrees F or higher.
Hold hot foods at a minimum internal temperature of 135 degrees F or higher.
Inspect can before opening for swollen ends, rust, or dents.
Label food for storage with ingredient list and date of preparation.
Prepare raw foods separately from ready to eat foods.
Reduce the size or quantity of food to be cooled.
Reheat food to 165 degrees F for 15 seconds.
Remove from the refrigerator only as much product as can be prepared at one time.
Remove jewelry
Rotate products to ensure that the oldest inventory is used first.
Sanitize work surface, equipment, and utensils.
Store chemicals away from food products.
Store cut melons at 41 degrees F or lower.
Store fresh-cut produce between 33 to 41 degrees F to maintain quality.
Store raw meat, poultry, and fish in the bottom of the refrigerator.
Thaw food by submerging under running potable water at a temperature of 70 degrees F or lower.
Thaw food in a microwave oven if it will be cooked immediately after.
Thaw food in the refrigerator at 41 degrees F or lower.
Use a clean, sanitized, and calibrated thermometer to measure the internal temperature of foods.
Wash all fresh fruit prior to serving
Wash your hands
Wear gloves
Wear hairnet
Standardized Recipe Form
Recipe Name_____________________________________ Category_______________________________ Recipe #__________________________
(i.e., entrée, breads)
HACCP Process: _____ 1 – No Cook _____ 2 – Cook & Same Day Serve _____ 3 – Cook, Cool, Reheat, Serve
Ingredients
For ___________Servings
Directions: Include step by step instructions, the critical control points (CCP-specific points at which a hazard can be reduced, eliminated or prevented) and critical limit (time and/or temperature that must be achieved to control a hazard).
Weight
Measure
Serving Size___________________ Pan Size_______________.
Scanned with CamScanner1 STANDARIZATION OF A B.docxtodd331
This document provides instructions for a two-part experiment involving titration. In part A, students will standardize a NaOH solution by titrating it against a primary standard of KHP. In part B, students will use their standardized NaOH solution to determine the concentration of acetic acid in a vinegar sample through titration. Key steps and concepts discussed include buret usage, endpoint determination, stoichiometric calculations to determine concentration from titration data, and the purpose and characteristics of primary standards.
Scanlon Technologies, Inc. Anne Scanlon founded Scanlon Technol.docxtodd331
Scanlon Technologies, Inc.
*
Anne Scanlon founded Scanlon Technologies, Inc., in 1993. The company designed and manufactured high-tech products that were used in various industries ranging from semiconductor to aviation. Over the years, Scanlon Technologies reported a compound annual growth rate in revenues of over 20% due to high demand for the company’s products and Anne’s superior management skills. By the end of 1996, it was clear that any further growth would have to come from international expansion. However, establishing manufacturing operations and opening up sales and marketing offices abroad required a significant amount of capital. Anne considered investing more of her own money into the business; however, given that she already had most of her wealth tied up in the company, she decided against the idea. Moreover, she believed that the amount of funds Scanlon Technologies needed to raise for expansion was in the tens of millions. In her mind, there was only one clear solution—go public.
In September 1996, Anne hired J.P. Suisse, a top tier investment bank, to take Scanlon Technologies public. On January 1, 1997, the company, which was authorized by the State of Delaware to sell 20 million common stock and 10 million preferred stock, issued one million shares of common stock in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) and began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol STI. The stock, which had a par value of $1, was sold for $20 per share and climbed to $26 a share by the end of its first trading day.
As expected, the funds raised in the IPO were used to open offices all over the world as well as build a second manufacturing plant in Toronto, Canada. Over the next couple of years, business was good and the company was able to generate enough cash to maintain its level of operations.
In October 1999, Anne learned that Kadehjian
Solution
s Coporation, a competitor, was considering the option of being acquired. Anne believed that such an acquisition would position Scanlon Technologies as the industry leader. One of Kadehjian’s requirements for such an acquisition was that it be an all-cash transaction. Anne knew that this would require Scanlon Technologies to raise approximately $7 million.
Ann contracted J.P. Suisse to discuss raising these funds through the capital markets. The managing directors at J.P. Suisse recommended that Scanlon Technologies employ a combination of debt and equity securities. Anne agreed and on January 1, 2000, the company issued an additional one hundred thousand shares of its $1 par value common stock at $40 per share. On the same day, the company issued $2 million in bonds at 95.8, due in 5 years with 5% interest payable annually (at year end). The market interest rate at the time was 6% per year. Also on January 1, 2000, Scanlon Technologies issued $1.3 million in zero-coupon (i.e. no interest) convertible bonds, also due in 5 years. Each $1,000 bond converted into 20 shares of its commo.
scan the following 2 poems by Robert Herrick. analyze each poems rhy.docxtodd331
scan the following 2 poems by Robert Herrick. analyze each poems rhyme and verse and its meter and number of feet. then in a short paragraph, tell me what you think.
Upon Julia's Breasts
Display thy breasts, my Julia, there let me
Behold that circummortal purity;
Between whose glories, there my lips I'll lay,
Ravished in that fair Via Lactea.
Upon a Child That Died
Here she lies, a pretty bud,
Lately made of flesh and blood,
Who as soon fell fast asleep
As her little eyes did peep.
Give her strewings, but not stir
The earth that lightly covers her.
.
SBUX ISIncome Statement - As Reported 10K in millionsIncome Statem.docxtodd331
SBUX ISIncome Statement - As Reported 10K in millionsIncome Statement - As Reported 10Q in millions9/30/139/30/149/30/159/30/169/30/179/30/18TTM12/30/173/30/186/30/189/30/1812/29/18TTM Company-operated stores$11,793.2$12,977.9$15,197.3$16,844.1$17,650.719,690.320,318.8 Company-operated stores4,741.84,828.05,060.45,060.1$5,370.3020,318.8 Total specialty$3,073.6$3,469.9$3,965.4$4,471.8$4,736.15,029.24,959.6 Total specialty1,331.91,203.81,249.91,243.5$1,262.404,959.6 Licensed stores$1,360.5$1,588.6$1,861.9$2,154.2$2,355.02,652.22,706.9 Licensed stores682.4625.6660.6683.6$737.102,706.9 CPG, foodservice and other$1,713.1$1,881.3$2,103.5$2,317.6$2,381.12,377.02,252.7 CPG, foodservice and other649.5578.2589.3559.9$525.302,252.7Total net revenues$14,866.8$16,447.8$19,162.7$21,315.9$22,386.8$24,719.525,278.4Total net revenues6,073.76,031.86,310.36,303.6$6,632.7025,278.4 Cost of sales including occupancy costs-$6,382.3-$6,858.8-$7,787.5-$8,511.1-$9,038.2-10,174.5-10,434.2 Cost of sales including occupancy costs-2,502.9-2,516.0-2,554.9-2,604.6($2,758.70)-10,434.2 Store operating expenses-$4,286.1-$4,638.2-$5,411.1-$6,064.3-$6,493.3-7,193.2-7,449.2 Store operating expenses-1,737.0-1,789.6-1,825.0-1,841.6($1,993.00)-7,449.2 Other operating expenses-$431.8-$457.3-$522.4-$545.4-$553.8-539.3-532.2 Other operating expenses-141.6-134.3-148.0-156.7($93.20)-532.2 Depreciation and amortization expenses-$621.4-$709.6-$893.9-$980.8-$1,011.4-1,247.0-1,321.6 Depreciation and amortization expenses-258.8-331.6-330.0-326.6($333.40)-1,321.6 General and administrative expenses-$937.9-$991.3-$1,196.7-$1,360.6-$1,393.3-1,759.0-1,797.8 General and administrative expenses-379.1-405.8-468.7-460.0($463.30)-1,797.8 Restructuring and impairments$0.0$0.0$0.0$0.0-$153.5-224.4-240.0 Restructuring and impairments-27.6-134.7-16.9-45.2($43.20)-240.0 Litigation credit / charge-$2,784.1$20.2$0.0$0.0$0.0$0.0Income from equity investees89.452.771.487.7$67.80279.6Income from equity investees$251.4$268.3$249.9$318.2$391.4301.2279.6Operating income / loss1,116.1772.51,038.2956.6$1,015.703,783.0Operating income / loss-$325.4$3,081.1$3,601.0$4,171.9$4,134.7$3,883.33,783.0Gain resulting from acquisition of joint venture1,326.3Net interest and other income62.3483-$24.8074.9 Gain resulting from acquisition of joint venture$0.0$0.0$390.6$0.0$0.01,376.4$0.0 Interest income and other, net88.2313239$24.80126.0Loss on divestiture of certain operations$0.0$0.0-$61.1$0.0$0.0499.2 Interest expense-25.9-503($75.00)-77.0 Interest income and other, net$123.6$142.7$43.0$108.0$275.3191.4$126.0Earnings / loss before income taxes3,005.9363236$965.501,068.7 Interest expense-$28.1-$64.1-$70.5-$81.3-$92.5-170.3-$77.0Income tax expense / benefit-755.8-35-45-64($205.10)-349.4Earnings / loss before income taxes-$229.9$3,159.7$3,903.0$4,198.6$4,317.5$5,780.0$1,068.7Net earnings / loss including noncontrolling interests2,250.18161,027932$760.403,534.721.83%Net earnings / loss attributab.
Scan the articles in the attached course text. Write a discussi.docxtodd331
Scan the articles in the attached course text. Write a discussion initial post on one of the articles. Choose the one that interests you most.
1.Provide a very brief overview of what you think are the key points (a literature review).
2.What about the policy area interests you?
3.What about the information systems involved in the article interested you?
4.How might this article’s research approach help you in your dissertation research project?
(NOTE: Please cut and paste the above-numbered list into your reply to help with organization.)
.
Scale Ratio Variable Histograms are useful for presenting qu.docxtodd331
Scale Ratio Variable
Histograms are useful for presenting quantitative data such as the example variable ADULT_CT which describes the number of individuals per household. The variable measurement is scale ratio and as it depicts a number, a histogram is able to reflect the number of individuals belonging to each variable value or interval of values (Mishra, Pandey, Singh & Gupta, 2018).). Histograms divide the variable into equal intervals as shown below in individuals reported per home. The graph indicates nearly 3,000 reporting and displays the individual numbers per interval. The bar levels of the graph make it is easy to discern the average number reporting as 2 per household.
Nominal Variable
As nominal variables depict qualitative data such as in the variable Q87 which describes the level of trust individuals felt towards others, a pie graph would be beneficial to use as it easily displays each group or individual share in the total being examined (Mishra, Pandey, Singh & Gupta, 2018). For example, the pie graph here which shows what percentage of trust was and wasn’t felt toward others. Graphs like these are appropriate for showing a variable that cannot be ordered or numerical in value such as feelings of trust (Frankfort-Nachmias, Leon-Guerrero & Davis, 2020).
References
Frankfort-Nachmias, C., Leon-Guerrero, A., & Davis, G. (2020). Social statistics for a diverse society (9th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., & Gupta, A. (2018). Scales of measurement and presentation of statistical data.
Annals of cardiac anesthesia
,
21
(4), 419.
Wagner, III, W.E. (2020).
Using IBM® SPSS® statistics for research methods and social science statistics
(7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Be sure to support your Main Post and Response Post with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA Style.
.
Scan 12Scan 13Scan 14Scan 15Scan 16Scan 17Scan 18Scan 19
HIST 308
Sofia Clark
Spring 2020
Research Paper
Sample Outline:
1) Introduction
2) Story of capture
3) Background on British antislavery
4) Background on Royal Navy
5) Background on this specific Royal Navy vessel
6) Story of what treaty was used to condemn the slave ship
7) Background on treaty
8) Background on British relations with treaty country
9) Background on slave trade in this particular region
10) Story of what happens to the captives removed from this particular slave ship
11) Background on the general treatment of liberated Africans
12) Explanation of how the story of your ship exemplifies the broader history of slavery and anti-slavery
Bibliography
1) The slave trade in general (i.e., either the Transatlantic slave trade or Indian Ocean slave trade depending on your ship)
Article (JSTOR): Alkalimat, Abdul. "Slave Trade." In The African American Experience in Cyberspace: A Resource Guide to the Best Web Sites on Black Culture and History, 34-42. LONDON; STERLING, VIRGINIA: Pluto Press, 2004. Accessed May 30, 2020. doi:10.2307/j.ctt183q64x.8.
Article (JSTOR): JUNKER, CARSTEN. "Containing Bodies—Enscandalizing Enslavement: Stasis and Movement at the Juncture of Slave-Ship Images and Texts." In Migrating the Black Body: The African Diaspora and Visual Culture, edited by RAIFORD LEIGH and RAPHAEL-HERNANDEZ HEIKE, 13-29. Seattle; London: University of Washington Press, 2017. Accessed May 30, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvcwnj4v.5.
2) The slave trade in the specific area of Africa in which your ship embarked enslaved African captives (e.g., Bight of Benin, Senegambia, Angola).
Book (JSTOR): Strickrodt, Silke. "The Atlantic Connection: Little Popo & the Rise of Afro-European Trade on the Western Slave Coast, C. 1600 to 1702." In Afro-European Trade in the Atlantic World: The Western Slave Coast, C. 1550- C. 1885, 65-101. Woodbridge, Suffolk; Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer, 2015. Accessed May 30, 2020. doi:10.7722/j.ctt7zst5n.9.
Article (JSTOR): Graham, James D. "The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach." Cahiers D'Études Africaines 5, no. 18 (1965): 317-34. Accessed May 30, 2020. www.jstor.org/stable/4390897.
3) Slavery in the region to which your ship was heading (e.g., Cuba, Bahia, Pernambuco).
Book (One Search): Schneider, Elena Andrea. The Occupation of Havana: War, Trade, and Slavery in the Atlantic World. North Carolina Scholarship Online. Williamsburg, Virginia : Chapel Hill: Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture ; University of North Carolina Press, 2018.
Article (Project Muse): Garrigus, John. "Cuba, Haiti, and the Age of Atlantic Revolution." Reviews in American History 44, no. 1 (2016): 52-57. doi:10.1353/rah.2016.0012.
4) British antislavery policy toward the country your ship was from (e.g., Portugal, Spain, USA)
Book- page 14(Academic Search Premiere- also works for #.
Front Desk Management in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
Front desk officers are responsible for taking care of guests and customers. Their work mainly involves interacting with customers and business partners, either in person or through phone calls.
Credit limit improvement system in odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, confirmed and uninvoiced sales orders are now factored into a partner's total receivables. As a result, the credit limit warning system now considers this updated calculation, leading to more accurate and effective credit management.
No, it's not a robot: prompt writing for investigative journalismPaul Bradshaw
How to use generative AI tools like ChatGPT and Gemini to generate story ideas for investigations, identify potential sources, and help with coding and writing.
A talk from the Centre for Investigative Journalism Summer School, July 2024
How to Store Data on the Odoo 17 WebsiteCeline George
Here we are going to discuss how to store data in Odoo 17 Website.
It includes defining a model with few fields in it. Add demo data into the model using data directory. Also using a controller, pass the values into the template while rendering it and display the values in the website.
Principles of Roods Approach!!!!!!!.pptxibtesaam huma
Principles of Rood’s Approach
Treatment technique used in physiotherapy for neurological patients which aids them to recover and improve quality of life
Facilitatory techniques
Inhibitory techniques
Ardra Nakshatra (आर्द्रा): Understanding its Effects and RemediesAstro Pathshala
Ardra Nakshatra, the sixth Nakshatra in Vedic astrology, spans from 6°40' to 20° in the Gemini zodiac sign. Governed by Rahu, the north lunar node, Ardra translates to "the moist one" or "the star of sorrow." Symbolized by a teardrop, it represents the transformational power of storms, bringing both destruction and renewal.
About Astro Pathshala
Astro Pathshala is a renowned astrology institute offering comprehensive astrology courses and personalized astrological consultations for over 20 years. Founded by Gurudev Sunil Vashist ji, Astro Pathshala has been a beacon of knowledge and guidance in the field of Vedic astrology. With a team of experienced astrologers, the institute provides in-depth courses that cover various aspects of astrology, including Nakshatras, planetary influences, and remedies. Whether you are a beginner seeking to learn astrology or someone looking for expert astrological advice, Astro Pathshala is dedicated to helping you navigate life's challenges and unlock your full potential through the ancient wisdom of Vedic astrology.
For more information about their courses and consultations, visit Astro Pathshala.
How to Install Theme in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
With Odoo, we can select from a wide selection of attractive themes. Many excellent ones are free to use, while some require payment. Putting an Odoo theme in the Odoo module directory on our server, downloading the theme, and then installing it is a simple process.
How to Show Sample Data in Tree and Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo 17, sample data serves as a valuable resource for users seeking to familiarize themselves with the functionalities and capabilities of the software prior to integrating their own information. In this slide we are going to discuss about how to show sample data to a tree view and a kanban view.
How to Configure Time Off Types in Odoo 17Celine George
Now we can take look into how to configure time off types in odoo 17 through this slide. Time-off types are used to grant or request different types of leave. Only then the authorities will have a clear view or a clear understanding of what kind of leave the employee is taking.
Views in Odoo - Advanced Views - Pivot View in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, the pivot view is a graphical representation of data that allows users to analyze and summarize large datasets quickly. It's a powerful tool for generating insights from your business data.
The pivot view in Odoo is a valuable tool for analyzing and summarizing large datasets, helping you gain insights into your business operations.
Views in Odoo - Advanced Views - Pivot View in Odoo 17
SAS Results for Problem 2Factor (IV) in ANOVA 2 levels (1 or.docx
1. SAS Results for Problem 2:
Factor (IV) in ANOVA:
2 levels (1 or 2)
The ANOVA Procedure
Class Level Information
Class Levels Values
PERLEVEL 2 1 2
Number of Observations Read 80
Number of Observations Used 80
1st Dependent Variable (DV) analyzed
The ANOVA Procedure
ANOVA F-test for testing differences in mean DV1 for two IV
levels
Dependent Variable: EFFORT
Sum of
Source DF Squares Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
Model 1 22.8703938 22.8703938
15.74 0.0002
Error 78 113.3171062 1.4527834
Corrected Total 79 136.1875000
R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE EFFORT
Mean
2. 0.167933 28.78363 1.205315
4.187500
Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 22.87039385 22.87039385
15.74 0.0002
2nd DV analyzed
The ANOVA Procedure
ANOVA F-test for testing differences in mean DV2 for two IV
levels
Dependent Variable: UND
Sum of
Source DF Squares Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
Model 1 9.3002113 9.3002113 3.92
0.0513
Error 78 185.1872887 2.3741960
Corrected Total 79 194.4875000
R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE UND
Mean
0.047819 36.36207 1.540843
4.237500
Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 9.30021129 9.30021129
3.92 0.0513
3. Note: Good strategy is conduct univariate ANOVA F-tests at a
small α (e.g., α = .01 or .02)
The ANOVA Procedure
ANOVA F-test for testing differences in mean DV3 for two IV
levels
3rd DV analyzed
Dependent Variable: QUALITY
Sum of
Source DF Squares Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
Model 1 7.6597701 7.6597701 5.45
0.0221
Error 78 109.5402299 1.4043619
Corrected Total 79 117.2000000
R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE
QUALITY Mean
0.065356 28.90385 1.185058
4.100000
Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 7.65977011 7.65977011
5.45 0.0221
4th DV analyzed
The ANOVA Procedure
ANOVA F-test for testing differences in mean DV4 for two IV
levels
4. Dependent Variable: LUCK
Sum of
Source DF Squares Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
Model 1 10.5261663 10.5261663
3.64 0.0599
Error 78 225.2738337 2.8881261
Corrected Total 79 235.8000000
R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE LUCK
Mean
0.044640 37.35052 1.699449
4.550000
Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 10.52616633 10.52616633
3.64 0.0599
5th DV analyzed
The ANOVA Procedure
ANOVA F-test for testing differences in mean DV3 for two IV
levels
Dependent Variable: DIFF
Sum of
Source DF Squares Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
Model 1 4.3206981 4.3206981 2.50
0.1180
5. Error 78 134.8668019 1.7290616
Corrected Total 79 139.1875000
R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE DIFF
Mean
0.031042 39.69624 1.314938
3.312500
Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 4.32069811 4.32069811
2.50 0.1180
Multivariate Analysis of Variance
p-values for MANOVA test of Ho: no mean vector differences
between the 2 PERLEEVEL groups
MANOVA Test Criteria and Exact F Statistics
for the Hypothesis of No Overall PERLEVEL
Effect
H = Anova SSCP Matrix for PERLEVEL E = Error
SSCP Matrix
S=1 M=1.5 N=36
Statistic Value F Value Num DF Den DF
Pr > F
Wilks' Lambda 0.67500180 7.13 5 74
<.0001
Pillai's Trace 0.32499820 7.13 5 74
<.0001
Hotelling-Lawley Trace 0.48147752 7.13 5
74 <.0001
6. Roy's Greatest Root 0.48147752 7.13 5 74
<.0001
Levene's Test for Homogeneity of EFFORT
Variance
Sum of Mean
Source DF Squares Square F Value
Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 1.0414 1.0414 0.30
0.5832
Error 78 267.5 3.4300
p-value for testing equality of variances in DV for 2
PERLEVEL groups
(Fail to reject Ho implies equality of variances)
Levene's Test for Homogeneity of UND
Variance
DV analyzed
Sum of Mean
Source DF Squares Square F Value
Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 12.2948 12.2948 1.51
0.2235
Error 78 636.9 8.1650
Levene's Test for Homogeneity of QUALITY
Variance
Sum of Mean
Source DF Squares Square F Value
Pr > F
7. PERLEVEL 1 11.3703 11.3703 3.51
0.0646
Error 78 252.3 3.2350
Levene's Test for Homogeneity of LUCK
Variance
Sum of Mean
Source DF Squares Square F Value
Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 8.0512 8.0512 0.63
0.4285
Error 78 991.5 12.7112
Levene's Test for Homogeneity of DIFF
Variance
Sum of Mean
Source DF Squares Square F Value
Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 3.4087 3.4087 0.89
0.3477
Error 78 297.9 3.8188
The ANOVA Procedure
1st DV analyzed
Bonferroni (Dunn) t Tests for EFFORT
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise
error rate.
Alpha 0.05
Error Degrees of Freedom 78
Error Mean Square 1.452783
8. Critical Value of t 1.99085
Minimum Significant Difference 0.5581
Harmonic Mean of Cell Sizes 36.975
NOTE: Cell sizes are not equal.
Means with the same letter are not significantly
different.
Ranking of DV means (means with different letters are
significantly different)
Bon Grouping Mean N PERLEVEL
A 4.8966 29 2
B 3.7843 51 1
Bonferroni (Dunn) t Tests for UND
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise
error rate.
2nd DV analyzed
Alpha 0.05
Error Degrees of Freedom 78
Error Mean Square 2.374196
Critical Value of t 1.99085
Minimum Significant Difference 0.7134
Harmonic Mean of Cell Sizes 36.975
NOTE: Cell sizes are not equal.
9. Means with the same letter are not significantly
different.
Ranking of DV means (means with the same letter are not
significantly different)
Bon Grouping Mean N PERLEVEL
A 4.6897 29 2
A
A 3.9804 51 1
Bonferroni (Dunn) t Tests for QUALITY
3rd DV analyzed
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise
error rate.
Alpha 0.05
Error Degrees of Freedom 78
Error Mean Square 1.404362
Critical Value of t 1.99085
Minimum Significant Difference 0.5487
Harmonic Mean of Cell Sizes 36.975
NOTE: Cell sizes are not equal.
Means with the same letter are not significantly
different.
Bon Grouping Mean N PERLEVEL
A 4.3333 51 1
10. B 3.6897 29 2
4th DV analyzed
Bonferroni (Dunn) t Tests for LUCK
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise
error rate.
Alpha 0.05
Error Degrees of Freedom 78
Error Mean Square 2.888126
Critical Value of t 1.99085
Minimum Significant Difference 0.7869
Harmonic Mean of Cell Sizes 36.975
NOTE: Cell sizes are not equal.
Means with the same letter are not significantly
different.
Bon Grouping Mean N PERLEVEL
A 4.8235 51 1
A
A 4.0690 29 2
Bonferroni (Dunn) t Tests for DIFF
5th DV analyzed
NOTE: This test controls the Type I experimentwise
11. error rate.
Alpha 0.05
Error Degrees of Freedom 78
Error Mean Square 1.729062
Critical Value of t 1.99085
Minimum Significant Difference 0.6088
Harmonic Mean of Cell Sizes 36.975
NOTE: Cell sizes are not equal.
Means with the same letter are not significantly
different.
Bon Grouping Mean N PERLEVEL
A 3.6207 29 2
A
A 3.1373 51 1
SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
A - level
Written Communication
SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
B - level
Written Communication
SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
C - level
Written Communication
12. SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
D - level
Written Communication
SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
F - level
Written Communication
Using language (grammar, syntax,
mechanics) with almost no errors, the
work is very well organized and very
clearly communicates meaning while
using good, relevant, and compelling
content and sources to illustrate good
understanding of the subject. The work
well addresses the context, audience,
and purpose of the assignment.
Using language (grammar, syntax,
mechanics) with minimal errors, the
work is well organized and very clearly
communicates meaning while using
appropriate, relevant, and compelling
content and sources to illustrate good
understanding of the subject. The work
addresses the context, audience, and
purpose of the assignment.
Using language (grammar, syntax,
mechanics) that may have some
errors, but overall the work is mostly
organized and clearly communicates
meaning while using appropriate and
relevant content and sources to
illustrate general understanding of the
13. subject. The work begins to address
the context, audience and purpose of
the assignment.
Using language (grammar, syntax,
mechanics) that has many errors and
some vague areas, the work is not
organized and does not communicate
clear meaning. Content and sources
are not very appropriate nor relevant
to illustrate general understanding of
the subject. The work does not
satisfactorily address the context,
audience and purpose of the
assignment.
Using language (grammar, syntax,
mechanics) that has too many errors
and vague areas, the work is poorly
organized and fails to communicate a
clear meaning. Content and sources
are neither appropriate nor relevant
to illustrate any understanding of the
subject. The work fails to address the
context, audience and purpose of the
assignment.
SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
A - level
Critical Thinking
SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
B - level
Critical Thinking
SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
14. C - level
Critical Thinking
SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
D - level
Critical Thinking
SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
F - level
Critical Thinking
Issue/problem to be considered
critically is very clear. Ideas are taken
from quality sources with very good
interpretation/evaluation and
questioning. Distinguishes between
key assumptions and contexts,
addresses multiple viewpoints, and
clearly integrates own and others’
points with very sound reasoning.
Issue/problem to be considered
critically is clear. Ideas are taken from
quality sources with good
interpretation/evaluation and
questioning. Generally distinguishes
between key assumptions and
contexts, addresses some multiple
viewpoints, and generally integrates
own and others’ points with sound
reasoning.
Issue/problem to be considered
critically is generally clear. Ideas are
taken from quality sources with
adequate interpretation/ evaluation
15. and adequate questioning. Identifies
key assumptions and contexts, begins
to address multiple viewpoints, and
begins to integrate own and others’
points with basically sound reasoning.
Issue/problem to be considered
critically is only minimally clear. Ideas
are taken from quality sources with
minimal interpretation/ evaluation
and questioning. The work does not
identify key assumptions and contexts
nor does it address multiple
viewpoints. The approach does
not integrate own and others’ points
and the reasoning is somewhat faulty.
Issue/problem to be considered
critically is not clear and/or very
ambiguous. Ideas are taken from poor
or sources with virtually no
interpretation/ evaluation and
questioning. The work does not
identify key any assumptions and
contexts nor does it address multiple
viewpoints. The approach does
not integrate own and others’ points
and the reasoning is faulty.
SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
A - level
Information Literacy
SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
B - level
Information Literacy
16. SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
C - level
Information Literacy
SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
D - level
Information Literacy
SOPHOMORE - PRACTICING
F - level
Information Literacy
Information literacy skills are
demonstrated through at least TWO
evaluative annotations for books or
substantial articles (preferably peer
reviewed) found through the Otis
Library databases.
Annotations must include:
1. author credentials
2. a description of the type of source
(audience)
3. a discussion about
purpose/bias/point of view
4. a discussion of currency of the
source
5. an explanation about why the source
is relevant to the project/paper.
A works cited page is required and
must include at least 5 QUALITY
sources that are incorporated into
paper/project.
Information literacy skills are
demonstrated through at least TWO
17. evaluative annotations for books or
substantial articles (preferably peer
reviewed) found through the Otis
Library databases.
Annotations must include:
1. author credentials
2. a description of the type of source
(audience)
3. a discussion about
purpose/bias/point of view
4. an explanation about why the source
is relevant to the project/paper.
A works cited page is required and
must include at least 4 QUALITY
sources that are incorporated into
paper/project.
Information literacy competency is
demonstrated through at least TWO
evaluative annotations for books or
substantial articles (preferably peer
reviewed) found through the Otis
Library databases.
Annotations must include:
1. author credentials
2. a description of the type of source
(audience)
3. an explanation about why the source
is relevant to the project/paper
A works cited page is required and
must include at least 3 QUALITY
sources that are incorporated into
18. paper/project.
Any of the following:
- inferior or missing annotations
- author credentials missing
- type of source/audience missing
- relevance is missing
- works cited page missing
- fewer than 3 QUALITY sources
- too many free web sources or low-
quality, inadequate or inferior sources
are used
- sources not incorporated in paper
_______________________________
A QUALITY source is not necessarily
the first or easiest found. Should be
peer-reviewed or substantial material
that considers multiple points of view
and relies on evidence, logic, and
research to create a context. It has at
least one named author and is up to
date.
Any of the following:
- inferior or no annotations
- no works cited page
- no QUALITY sources
- only free web sources or low-quality,
inadequate or inferior sources are used
- sources not incorporated in paper
Signature Assignment
19. “In the long history of humankind (and animal kind, too) those
who learned to collaborate and
improvise most effectively have prevailed.”
Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species
For your Signature Assignment, you’ll be applying improv
techniques to a particular problem.
The problem can be personal, political, environmental, social,
or a variety of the above.
Diagnose the problem and decide how various improvisational
skills can be used to better the
situation. This 1500-word essay will be part narrative
description, part research, and part
analysis.
Example problems to diagnose:
How could a particular struggle in your art or design practice be
helped by the philosophy of
‘yes, and…’?
How can establishing the ‘who, what, and where?’ help abate
the proliferation of fake news?
How can ‘facing the facts’ foster more community on campus?
In activist groups?
Research: While this essay will have a narrative component,
detailing your own experiences
20. with improv, this is also a research paper. You will need to
include four sources and two
annotations. If you decide to write about a topic from your
personal life, be sure you understand
the greater thematic elements at play so you can find relevant
sources and include multiple
points of view.
For instance, if you are writing about your perfectionism in
studio, you can research how
psychology, philosophy or world religions have grappled with
this common problem. You could
also research specific topics in your major. How do improv
techniques align or conflict with your
discipline?
Those of you choosing a political or social issue will perhaps
have an easier time coming up
with research topics, but remember that you must include your
own experiences with
improvisation and explain how they apply, or could be applied,
to this issue. You may also need
to write how improvisation does not serve your paper topic.
Below is a review of some of the concepts* we practiced this
term:
Yes, and...
21. Giving gifts
Accepting reality/Facing the Facts
Establishing the Who, What, & Where
The 'If blank is true, then what else is true' pattern
Labeling broad and playing specific
Listening instead of planning
Taking risks
Surrendering your own ideas for the group
Clunky and clear is better than clever and vague
Taking care of each other
Status in relationships
*These are not all of the techniques we explored. If you think of
another improv technique and
want to integrate it into your essay – please do!
Assignment Requirements:
Minimum of 6 pages/1500 words.
Use at least 4 quality sources and integrate these sources into
your final paper.
22. Write 2 annotations, as outlined in the Source Worksheet
<doc>.
Rough Draft for Peer Review.
2nd Draft emailed to Instructor ([email protected])
Students will post their final draft on their Learning Portfolio
for this class and "submit" the final
draft as "Signature Assignment". There must be an element of
document design - proper
formatting and integration of media.
Please see the Signature Assignment Rubric <pdf>
Final Pointers:
-If appropriate, feel free to use the articles we read in class as
sources for your research.
-Be sure you chose a particular issue, struggle, or experience.
Don’t generalize
For example:
Being a product designer is like saying ‘yes, and...’ to life =
general
On my internship, I was what we call ‘blocking’ in improv - not
participating, disagreeing, and
looking at the clock. Then, I said yes to my colleague’s
suggestion. I was irritated at first, but it
turns out his wood and earthy designs for the flatware were
much more aligned with the
aesthetic the client was looking for. = specific
SAS Results for Problem 3:
23. SAS output for Stepwise Discriminant Analysis (only useful
when trying to select best subset of IVs from a long list of
potential IVs)
STEPWISE DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS
The STEPDISC Procedure
The Method for Selecting Variables is STEPWISE
Total Sample Size 569 Variable(s) in the
Analysis 14
Class Levels 2 Variable(s) Will Be Included
0
Significance Level to Enter
0.15
Significance Level to Stay
0.15
Number of Observations Read 716
Number of Observations Used 569
DV
(2 levels)
Class Level Information
Variable
ADOPT Name Frequency Weight
Proportion
0 _0 468 468.0000 0.822496
p-values: Ho tested is no difference between means of IV for 2
Adopt status levels, using all other IVs as covariates
1 _1 101 101.0000 0.177504
24. IVs selected by stepwise routine
The STEPDISC Procedure
Stepwise Selection Summary
Number Partial
Step In Entered Removed Label R-
Square F Value Pr > F
1 1 NUMIT 0.0747
45.77 <.0001
2 2 REVDUM 0.0306
17.84 <.0001
3 3 CHLEADER My company is obligated to do as
0.0324 18.91 <.0001
4 4 P2HDUM 0.0310
18.04 <.0001
5 5 WMLDUM 0.0162
9.26 0.0025
6 6 P2LDUM 0.0129
7.34 0.0069
7 7 QUALITY Product quality
0.0076 4.28 0.0390
8 8 SERVICE My firm feels my channel or supply
0.0055 3.08 0.0796
9 9 FIRMDUM 0.0050
2.81 0.0942
10 10 WMHDUM 0.0054
3.04 0.0820
11 9 WMLDUM 0.0033
1.83 0.1763
12 10 BRHDUM 0.0056
3.16 0.0759
13 11 WMLDUM 0.0041
2.32 0.1285
25. Note: With 14 potential IVs, Step 1 conducts 14 ANCOVAs,
Step 2 conducts 13 ANCOVAs, Step 3 conducts 12 ANCOVAs,
etc. At each step, IV with smallest p-value is selected
DA function includes the 1st 7 IVs selected by Stepwise DA
SAS output for Discriminant Analysis (assuming MV normal
distribution)
NORMAL DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS
The DISCRIM Procedure
Total Sample Size 626 DF Total
625
Variables 7 DF Within Classes 624
Classes 2 DF Between Classes 1
Prior probabilities used
Number of Observations Read 716
DV
(2 levels)
Number of Observations Used 626
Class Level Information
Variable Prior
ADOPT Name Frequency Weight Proportion
Probability
0 _0 512 512.0000 0.817891
0.817891
1 _1 114 114.0000 0.182109
0.182109
26. NORMAL DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS
The DISCRIM Procedure
Test of Homogeneity of Within Covariance
Matrices
Notation: K = Number of Groups
P = Number of Variables
N = Total Number of Observations - Number
of Groups
N(i) = Number of Observations in the i'th Group
- 1
__ N(i)/2
|| |Within SS Matrix(i)|
V = -----------------------------------
N/2
|Pooled SS Matrix|
_ _ 2
| 1 1 | 2P + 3P - 1
RHO = 1.0 - | SUM ----- - --- | -------------
|_ N(i) N _| 6(P+1)(K-1)
DF = .5(K-1)P(P+1)
_ _
| PN/2 |
| N V |
p-value for testing Ho: equal Var-Cov matrix
Under the null hypothesis: -2 RHO ln | ---------------
--- |
| __ PN(i)/2 |
|_ || N(i) _|
SAS uses Linear DA if equal Var-Cov matrix; uses Quadratic
DA if unequal (i.e., if reject Ho at alpha=.10)
27. is distributed approximately as Chi-Square(DF).
Chi-Square DF Pr > ChiSq
234.291358 28 <.0001
Since the Chi-Square value is significant at the 0.1
level, the within
covariance matrices will be used in the discriminant
function.
Reference: Morrison, D.F. (1976) Multivariate
Statistical Methods p252.
p-values for MANOVA test of Ho: no mean vector differences
between the 2 ADOPT groups
NORMAL DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS
The DISCRIM Procedure
Multivariate Statistics and Exact F Statistics
S=1 M=2.5 N=308
Statistic Value F Value Num DF Den
DF Pr > F
Wilks' Lambda 0.80289363 21.67 7
618 <.0001
Pillai's Trace 0.19710637 21.67 7 618
<.0001
Hotelling-Lawley Trace 0.24549500 21.67 7
618 <.0001
Roy's Greatest Root 0.24549500 21.67 7
618 <.0001
28. NORMAL DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS
The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Summary for Calibration Data:
WORK.RFID
Resubstitution Summary using Quadratic
Discriminant Function
Number of Observations and Percent Classified into
ADOPT
From ADOPT 0 1 Total
0 400 112 512
Summary table of Hit Rates when using all data to estimate DA
function
78.13 21.88 100.00
1 37 77 114
32.46 67.54 100.00
Total 437 189 626
69.81 30.19 100.00
Priors 0.81789 0.18211
Error Count Estimates for ADOPT
0 1 Total
Rate 0.2188 0.3246 0.2380
Priors 0.8179 0.1821
29. NORMAL DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS
The DISCRIM Procedure
Classification Summary for Calibration Data:
WORK.RFID
Cross-validation Summary using Quadratic
Discriminant Function
Hit Rate for ADOPT=0
Number of Observations and Percent Classified into
ADOPT
From ADOPT 0 1 Total
0 398 114 512
Summary table of Hit Rates when using jackknife method to
estimate DA function
77.73 22.27 100.00
1 50 64 114
43.86 56.14 100.00
Total 448 178 626
71.57 28.43 100.00
Priors 0.81789 0.18211
Hit Rate for ADOPT=1
30. Error Count Estimates for ADOPT
0 1 Total
Rate 0.2227 0.4386 0.2620
Priors 0.8179 0.1821
Overall hit rate = 1 - .262 = .738
SAS output Stepwise Logistic Regression
STEPWISE LOGISTIC REGRESSION
The LOGISTIC Procedure
Model Information
Data Set WORK.RFIDSUB
Response Variable ADOPT
Number of Response Levels 2
Model binary logit
Number of Observations Read 716
Number of Observations Used 569
DV (2 levels):
1=Adopt RFID
0=No adoption
Response Profile
Ordered Total
Value ADOPT Frequency
1 0 468
2 1 101
31. Probability modeled is ADOPT=1.
NOTE: 147 observations were deleted due to missing values.
Stepwise Selection Procedure
SAS creates dummy variables for QL IVs
Class Level Information
Design
Class Value Variables
WLAN HI-USE 1 0
LO-USE 0 1
NO-USE -1 -1
WMS HI-USE 1 0
LO-USE 0 1
NO-USE -1 -1
BAR HI-USE 1 0
LO-USE 0 1
P2LS HI-USE 1 0
LO-USE 0 1
NO-USE -1 -1
REVENUE HIGH 1
LOW -1
FIRMTYPE DOM 1
INT -1
32. p-values for Ho: beta associated with IV = 0
STEPWISE LOGISTIC REGRESSION
IVs selected by the stepwise routine
Summary of Stepwise Selection
Effect Number Score Wald
Variable
Step Entered Removed DF In Chi-Square Chi-Square
Pr > ChiSq Label
1 NUMIT 1 1 42.4998 <.0001
2 REVENUE 1 2 20.5906 <.0001
3 CHLEADER 1 3 17.1828 <.0001
4 P2LS 2 4 18.1073 0.0001
5 WMS 2 5 12.3397 0.0021
Type 3 Analysis of Effects
Note: With 14 potential IVs, Step 1 conducts 14 chi-sq tests
(one for each IV), Step 2 conducts 13 chi-sq tests, Step 3
conducts 12 chi-sq tests, etc. At each step, IV with smallest p-
value is selected
Wald
Effect DF Chi-Square Pr > ChiSq
CHLEADER 1 16.5384 <.0001
NUMIT 1 7.2375 0.0071
WMS 2 11.3212 0.0035
P2LS 2 19.0501 <.0001
REVENUE 1 23.4229 <.0001
Analysis of Maximum Likelihood Estimates
33. Standard Wald
Parameter DF Estimate Error Chi-Square
Pr > ChiSq
Intercept 1 -5.6041 0.7805 51.5490
<.0001
CHLEADER 1 0.3095 0.0761 16.5384
<.0001
NUMIT 1 0.3620 0.1346 7.2375
0.0071
WMS HI-USE 1 0.8305 0.2512 10.9344
0.0009
WMS LO-USE 1 -0.6511 0.3810 2.9205
0.0875
P2LS HI-USE 1 -1.2804 0.3046 17.6678
<.0001
P2LS LO-USE 1 0.9976 0.2706 13.5920
0.0002
REVENUE HIGH 1 0.8824 0.1823
23.4229 <.0001
SAS output for fit of Logistic Regression model with only main
effects of IVs selected by stepwise
MAIN EFFECTS LOGISTIC REGRESSION
The LOGISTIC Procedure
Model Information
Data Set WORK.RFID
34. Response Variable ADOPT
Number of Response Levels 2
Model binary logit
Number of Observations Read 716
Number of Observations Used 626
Response Profile
Ordered Total
π = P(Adopt RFID) is probability modeled in logistic regression
equation
Value ADOPT Frequency
DV (2 levels):
1=Adopt RFID
0=No adoption
1 0 512
2 1 114
Probability modeled is ADOPT=1.
NOTE: 90 observations were deleted due to missing values.
Rsq statistic used to assess fit:
Values near 1 are excellent fit, values near 0 are poor fit
(Subjective decision)
Model Convergence Status
Convergence criterion (GCONV=1E-8) satisfied.
Model Fit Statistics
Intercept
35. Intercept and
Criterion Only Covariates
AIC 596.169 465.647
SC 600.608 501.162
-2 Log L 594.169 449.647
p-value for overall model chi-sq test of Ho: all betas in model
= 0
(Reject Ho implies a statistically useful model)
R-Square 0.2062 Max-rescaled R-Square
0.3363
Number of IVs in model is 7 -- the IVs selected by the stepwise
routine
Testing Global Null Hypothesis: BETA=0
Test Chi-Square DF Pr > ChiSq
Likelihood Ratio 144.5219 7 <.0001
Score 123.3886 7 <.0001
Wald 86.0149 7 <.0001
MAIN EFFECTS LOGISTIC REGRESSION
p-values for testing each IV in model, Ho: beta associated
with IV = 0
(Reject Ho implies IV is a statistically useful predictor)
Analysis of Maximum Likelihood Estimates
Standard Wald
36. Parameter DF Estimate Error Chi-Square Pr
> ChiSq
Intercept 1 -6.5899 0.7008 88.4291
<.0001
Independent variables (IV) in model
CHLEADER 1 0.3148 0.0728 18.6977
<.0001
NUMIT 1 0.4359 0.1296 11.3081
0.0008
REVDUM 1 1.7115 0.3389 25.5101
<.0001
P2HDUM 1 -1.6445 0.4420 13.8436
0.0002
P2LDUM 1 0.6271 0.3881 2.6102
0.1062
WMHDUM 1 0.9445 0.5089 3.4439
0.0635
WMLDUM 1 -0.3953 0.6878 0.3303
0.5655
95% Confidence Interval for odds ratio (OR) estimate of each
IV in model
Odds Ratio Estimates
Odds ratio (OR) estimates for each IV in model
Point 95% Wald
Effect Estimate Confidence Limits
CHLEADER 1.370 1.188 1.580
NUMIT 1.546 1.199 1.994
REVDUM 5.537 2.850 10.758
OR values > 1 imply odds increase as IV increases;
OR values < 1 imply odds decrease as IV increases
37. P2HDUM 0.193 0.081 0.459
Odds of Adopt RFID increase 1.55 times (i.e., by 55%) for each
unit increase in NUMIT
P2LDUM 1.872 0.875 4.006
WMHDUM 2.572 0.948 6.973
WMLDUM 0.673 0.175 2.593
Association of Predicted Probabilities and Observed
Responses
Percent Concordant 82.6 Somers' D 0.667
Percent Discordant 16.0 Gamma 0.676
Summary table of predictions using jackknife method
Percent Tied 1.4 Tau-a 0.199
Pairs 58368 c 0.833
Level used for making predictions (e.g., .5). If predicted prob.
of adopting RFID (π) > .5 then predict company will adopt. If
predicted π < .5, then predict company will not adopt.
Classification Table
Correct Incorrect Percentages
Prob Non- Non- Sensi- Speci- False
False
Level Event Event Event Event Correct tivity ficity
POS NEG
For a given prob. level:
Sensitivity is Hit Rate for Adopters;
Specificity is Hit Rate for Non-adopters
Select prob. level based on maximizing these hit rates
0.100 111 285 227 3 63.3 97.4 55.7 67.2
38. 1.0
0.200 81 370 142 33 72.0 71.1 72.3 63.7
8.2
0.300 60 437 75 54 79.4 52.6 85.4 55.6
11.0
0.400 39 464 48 75 80.4 34.2 90.6 55.2
13.9
0.500 23 487 25 91 81.5 20.2 95.1 52.1
15.7
0.600 16 496 16 98 81.8 14.0 96.9 50.0
16.5
0.700 8 507 5 106 82.3 7.0 99.0 38.5
17.3
0.800 4 512 0 110 82.4 3.5 100.0 0.0
17.7
0.900 0 512 0 114 81.8 0.0 100.0 .
18.2
SAS output for testing interactions of channel leader IV with
other IVs in Logistic Regression model
TEST CHANNEL LEADER
INTERACTIONS
The LOGISTIC Procedure
Model Information
Data Set WORK.RFID
Response Variable ADOPT
Number of Response Levels 2
Model binary logit
Number of Observations Read 716
Number of Observations Used 626
39. Response Profile
Ordered Total
Value ADOPT Frequency
1 0 512
2 1 114
Probability modeled is ADOPT=1.
NOTE: 90 observations were deleted due to missing valuess.
Model Convergence Status
Convergence criterion (GCONV=1E-8) satisfied.
Model Fit Statistics
Intercept
Intercept and
Criterion Only Covariates
AIC 596.169 470.688
SC 600.608 532.839
-2 Log L 594.169 442.688
R-Square 0.2149 Max-rescaled R-Square
0.3507
Number of IVs in model is 13 -- the 7 IVs selected by the
stepwise routine + 6 interactions with channel leader
Testing Global Null Hypothesis: BETA=0
Test Chi-Square DF Pr > ChiSq
41. 0.1478
CHL_WML 1 -0.8488 0.5723 2.1997
0.1380
CHL_P2H 1 0.1676 0.2725 0.3782
0.5385
CHL_P2L 1 0.0599 0.2414 0.0617
0.8039
Odds Ratio Estimates
Point 95% Wald
Effect Estimate Confidence Limits
These are the 7 IVs selected by stepwise
CHLEADER 3.864 1.538 9.709
NUMIT 1.955 0.910 4.197
REVDUM 14.416 1.625 127.881
P2HDUM 0.090 0.007 1.129
P2LDUM 1.407 0.169 11.687
WMHDUM 82.854 0.543 >999.999
p-value for testing the interactions (nested model test); Ho: all
interaction betas =0
(Fail to reject Ho implies interactions are not significant)
WMLDUM 43.850 0.138 >999.999
CHL_NUM 0.954 0.814 1.119
These are the 6 channel leader interactions
CHL_REV 0.817 0.530 1.258
CHL_WMH 0.503 0.198 1.276
CHL_WML 0.428 0.139 1.314
CHL_P2H 1.182 0.693 2.017
CHL_P2L 1.062 0.662 1.704
Linear Hypotheses Testing Results
42. Wald
Label Chi-Square DF Pr > ChiSq
CHLEADER_INTERACTION 5.7630 6
0.4503
Number of terms (interactions) tested
TEST NUMBER IT INTERACTIONS
SAS output for testing interactions of NUMIT IV with other
IVs in Logistic Regression model
The LOGISTIC Procedure
Model Information
Data Set WORK.RFID
Response Variable ADOPT
Number of Response Levels 2
Model binary logit
Optimization Technique Fisher's scoring
Number of Observations Read 716
Number of Observations Used 626
Response Profile
Ordered Total
Value ADOPT Frequency
1 0 512
2 1 114
43. Probability modeled is ADOPT=1.
NOTE: 90 observations were deleted due to missing values.
Model Convergence Status
Convergence criterion (GCONV=1E-8) satisfied.
Model Fit Statistics
Intercept
Intercept and
Criterion Only Covariates
AIC 596.169 460.609
SC 600.608 522.760
-2 Log L 594.169 432.609
Number of IVs in model is 13 -- the 7 IVs selected by the
stepwise routine + 6 interactions with NUMIT
Testing Global Null Hypothesis: BETA=0
Test Chi-Square DF Pr > ChiSq
Likelihood Ratio 161.5598 13 <.0001
Score 130.3523 13 <.0001
Wald 69.9183 13 <.0001
TEST NUMBER IT INTERACTIONS
The LOGISTIC Procedure
Analysis of Maximum Likelihood Estimates
45. Point 95% Wald
Effect Estimate Confidence Limits
CHLEADER 2.112 1.169 3.817
NUMIT 3.871 1.315 11.393
REVDUM 197.280 7.974 >999.999
P2HDUM 0.012 <0.001 5.401
P2LDUM 89.865 1.121 >999.999
WMHDUM 2.744 0.201 37.399
WMLDUM <0.001 <0.001 0.843
These are the 6 NUMIT interactions
CHL_NUM 0.918 0.816 1.032
NUM_REV 0.487 0.269 0.881
NUM_WMH 1.058 0.501 2.236
NUM_P2H 1.607 0.567 4.556
NUM_P2L 0.494 0.232 1.055
Linear Hypotheses Testing Results
p-value for testing the interactions (nested model test); Ho: all
interaction betas =0
(Fail to reject Ho implies interactions are not significant)
Wald
Label Chi-Square DF Pr > ChiSq
NUMIT_INTERACTION 14.3850 6
0.0256
Note: When conducting multiple tests better to test each at a
small α (e.g., .01)
Number of terms (interactions) tested
For each problem, submit a document that describes:
46. 1. (1) the research question(s) of interest
2. (2) the method of analysis and why it is appropriate
3. (3) the assumptions that underlie the method
4. (4) the statistical tests to be conducted
5. (5) a discussion of results that will answer the research
question
Assume you are writing the "methods" section of a research
paper to be submitted to a professional journal.
Problem Set 2 answer
1- The research questions
Is to determine whether the means of the outcome variables
described above differ depending on performance level.
2-The method of analysis used in this case isMANOVA and why
it is appropriate Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)
is simply an ANOVA with several dependent variables. That is
to say, ANOVA tests for the difference in means between two or
more groups, while MANOVA tests for the difference in two or
more vectors of means this is why we have to used here.
3- Assumptions
· Equality regarding covariance matrices
· Each sample group is taken from a normally distributed
population
· The observations are sampled independently and randomly of
each other
4- the statistical tests to be conducted
It's better to conduct Bonferroni is more flexible and easier to
compute, it has limitations. Bonferroni assumes that tests are
independent while calculating familywise error
-5-discussion of results that will answer the research question
- Discussion of results - MANOVA
Test Criteria and Exact F Statistics. for the Hypothesis of No
Overall PERLEVEL Effect
H = Anova SSCP Matrix for PERLEVEL E = Error SSCP
Matrix
S=1 M=1.5 N=36
47. Statistic Value F Value
Num DF Den DF Pr > F
Wilks' Lambda 0.67500180 7.13
5 74 <.0001
Pillai's Trace 0.32499820 7.13
5 74 <.0001
Hotelling-Lawley Trace 0.48147752 7.13
5 74 <.0001
Roy's Greatest Root 0.48147752 7.13 5
74 <.0001
(p-values for MANOVA test of Ho: no mean vector differences
between the 2 PERLEEVEL groups)
Levene's Test for Homogeneity of EFFORT Variance
Sum of Mean
Source DF Squares Square F Value
Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 1.0414 1.0414 0.30
0.5832
p-value for testing equality of variances in DV for 2
PERLEVEL groups
(Fail to reject Ho implies equality of variances)
- Discussion of results - ANOVA
1st Dependent Variable analyzed EFFORT
Corrected Total 79 136.1875000
R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE EFFORT
Mean
0.167933 28.78363 1.205315
4.187500
Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 22.87039385 22.87039385
15.74 0.0002
48. · There is a significant difference in the mean
2en Dependent Variable analyzed UND
Source DF Squares Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
Model 1 9.3002113 9.3002113 3.92
0.0513
Error 78 185.1872887 2.3741960
Corrected Total 79 194.4875000
R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE UND
Mean
0.047819 36.36207 1.540843
4.237500
Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 9.30021129 9.30021129
3.92 0.0513
· There is NO significant difference in the mean
3rd Dependent Variable analyzed QUALIT
Source DF Squares Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
Model 1 7.6597701 7.6597701 5.45
0.0221
Error 78 109.5402299 1.4043619
Corrected Total 79 117.2000000
R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE
QUALITY Mean
0.065356 28.90385 1.185058
4.100000
Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
49. PERLEVEL 1 7.65977011 7.65977011
5.45 0.0221
• There is NO significant difference in the mean
4rd Dependent Variable analyzed LUCK
Source DF Squares Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
Model 1 10.5261663 10.5261663
3.64 0.0599
Error 78 225.2738337 2.8881261
Corrected Total 79 235.8000000
R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE LUCK
Mean
0.044640 37.35052 1.699449
4.550000
Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 10.52616633 10.52616633
3.64 0.0599
• There is NO significant difference in the mean
5rd Dependent Variable analyzed DIFF
Source DF Squares Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
Model 1 4.3206981 4.3206981 2.50
0.1180
Error 78 134.8668019 1.7290616
Corrected Total 79 139.1875000
R-Square Coeff Var Root MSE DIFF
Mean
0.031042 39.69624 1.314938
3.312500
50. Source DF Anova SS Mean Square F
Value Pr > F
PERLEVEL 1 4.32069811 4.32069811
2.50 0.1180
• There is NO significant difference in the mea
PROBLEMS/DATA SETS
The following problems (with associated data sets) are designed
to test your ability to determine the proper multivariate
statistical method(s) to apply in order to answer the research
question(s) of interest.
For each problem, submit a document that describes:
(1) the research question(s) of interest
(2) the method of analysis and why it is appropriate
(3) the assumptions that underlie the method
(4) the statistical tests to be conducted
(5) a discussion of results that will answer the research
question
Assume you are writing the "methods" section of a research
paper to be submitted to a professional journal.
Each of the 2 data sets described employs at least one of the
following statistical methods:
(1) Analysis of Variance
(2) Analysis of Covariance
(3) Multivariate Analysis of Variance
(4) Multivariate Analysis of Covariance
(5) Discriminant Analysis
(6) Logistic Regression
51. (7) Cluster Analysis
(8) Principal Components
(9) Exploratory Factor Analysis
(10) Confirmatory Factor Analysis
.
Problem 2:
Attribution theory is concerned with the cognitive processes
that individuals use to explain their own performance in
situations where causal relations are ambiguous. Empirical
evidence indicates a tendency for individuals to attribute their
own successful performance to internal factors, such as effort or
ability, while poor performance is attributed to external factors
beyond the individual's control. An experiment was conducted
to examine the causal reasoning patterns of system users at the
conclusion of a competitive, computer-based business game.
Eighty MBA students used what appeared to be different
computer models to analyze unexpected variances in
manufacturing costs. (Actually, all students utilized the same
computer model.) Upon completion, students were paid an
amount based on their overall performance: those who were
told they performed poorly relative to their peers were paid $5,
while those who were told they did well earned $20. (In
actuality, the students were randomly assigned to one of the two
performance groups.) At the time of payment, participants
completed an evaluation form upon which five outcome
variables were measured (each on a 7-point Likert scale):
Internal Outcome SAS Variable Names
EFFORT -- amount of effort expended
UND -- how well they understood the cost structure
External Outcome SAS Variable Names
52. QUALITY -- quality of the computer model used
LUCK -- level of good/bad luck
DIFF -- difficulty of the task itself
The main purpose of the study is to determine whether the
means of the outcome variables described above differ
depending on performance level (SAS variable defined below).
PERLEVEL = 1 if poor performance ($5),
2 if good performance ($20)
The data are saved in the ATTRIB SAS file. Several
observations are listed below.
PERLEVEL EFFORT UND QUALITY LUCK DIFF
1 4 6 5 4 3
1 3 4 6 1 1
1 3 4 4 6 3
1 3 3 5 5 5
1 4 5 5 6 1
2 7 5 4 4 4
2 5 2 1 6 6
2 5 3 3 4 5
2 4 3 1 2 4
2 4 5 4 5 4
Problem 3:
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is the wireless use of
electromagnetic fields to track data. Some industries have
already adopted RFID technology (e.g., an RFID tag attached to
an automobile during production is used to track its progress
through the assembly line), but others have yet to adopt. This
study attempts to identify those factors that increase the
likelihood or probability of RFID adoption for supply chain
53. management companies.
Data were collected through a Web-based survey of managers
who are members of the Institute for Supply Management
(ISM). A total of 755 managers participated in the survey. A
list of the variables measured for each manager is provided
below (SAS variable name given first). The researchers want to
use these variables to build an algorithm which accurately
predicts whether or not a supply management firm will adopt
RFID technology.
ASDOPT -- Firm’s RFID adoption status (1=adopted, 0=not
adopted)
NUMIT -- Total number of other information technology
adoptions at firm
WLAN – Level of wireless LAN adoption (HI-USE, LO-USE, or
NO-USE)
WMS – Level of warehouse management system adoption (HI-
USE, LO-USE, or NO-USE)
BAR – Level of barcode adoption (HI-USE, LO-USE, or NO-
USE)
P2LS – Level of “pick-to-light” system adoption (HI-USE, LO-
USE, or NO-USE)
FIRMTYPE – Domestic (DOM) or International (INT) firm
REVENUE – Firm revenue status (LOW or HIGH)
CHLEADER -- “My firm is obligated to do as the
channel/supply chain leader suggests”
(7-point Likert scale where 1=strongly disagree
and 7=strongly agree)
QUALITY -- “My firm is concerned with product quality”
(7-point Likert scale where 0=never and
7=always)
SERVICE -- “My firm feels channel/supply chain leader
provides services needed”
54. (7-point Likert scale where 1=strongly disagree
and 7=strongly agree)
The data are saved in the RFID SAS file. Several observations
are listed below.
CHLEADER QUALITY SERVICE ADOPT WLAN WMS
BAR P2LS NUMIT REVENUE FIRMTYPE
4 1 2 1 LO-USE NO-USE LO-USE NO-USE 3
LOW DOM
6 2 4 0 HI-USE NO-USE HI-USE NO-USE 3
LOW DOM
2 1 6 0 NO-USE HI-USE HI-USE NO-USE 4
HIGH DOM
6 4 4 1 HI-USE HI-USE HI-USE NO-USE 5
HIGH INT
4 5 4 0 LO-USE HI-USE HI-USE NO-USE 4
HIGH INT