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POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

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Uday Wankar
Uday Wankar

Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply. The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.

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Power Quality Improvement
INTRODUCTION OF POWER QUALITY  Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.  The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
 This presentation represents an overviews of electric power quality with special emphasis on power quality problems.  The adverse impact on utility of customers and their mitigation techniques.  This presentation also deals with serious power quality problems such as voltage distortion due to current harmonics, flicker ,voltage sag and voltage surge..etc  Power quality is related to deliver of “CLEAN” electric power that compile with industry standards.
CAUSES OF POOR POWER QUALITY  Variation in voltage magnitude and frequency.  Variation in magnitude can be due to sudden rise or fall of load , outages, repetitive varying loading pattern in rolling mills, power electronic converters, inverters, lightning..etc  Variation in frequency can rise of out of system dynamics or harmonics injection.
POWER QUALITY COVERS 1. Reliability :- continuous availability, interruption/breakdown/outage free 2. Parameters:-  Voltage- flicker, swell, sag/dip, unbalance  Frequency- drop or rise  Harmonics contains- SCR, converters, inverters etc.  Transients
SOURCES OF POOR POWER QUALITY  Non linear loads  Arcing loads  Switching operation  Reactive loads  Atmospheric condition  Unstable loads  Neighboring unbalance system
TYPICAL POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS  Voltage Sags :- A reduction in RMS voltage or current at the power frequency.
Voltage Surge:- voltage variation can be positive (higher than normal) or negative (lower than normal)
 Transients:- it manifest only as a short duration change in voltage due to switching ON and OFF the loads.  Harmonics:- it is an integer multiple of fundamental frequency in the sine wave of power supply or simply distortion of waveforms.  Lightning:- It produces very high currents, for a short time interval, but enough to cause fires or to destroy microcircuits.
IMPACT OF POOR POWER QUALITY  The effect of poor power quality problems has serious implication on the utilities and customers.  Higher losses in transformers, cables .  Neutral wire burning due to third harmonics generated by non linear loads.  Power factor capacitors may punctures.  Energy meters will give faulty readings.  Solid state protective relays may damaged .  Speed drives may shut down.  Motor will increase core and cu losses  Non sinusoidal waveforms will reduce the efficiency of motors.  Electronic computer may loss data due to voltage variation .  Domestics TV and other equipments are affected by the poor quality.
SYMPTOMS OF POWER QUALITY PROBLEM  Electronic controlled system that stop unexpectedly  Abnormal failure of electronic systems  Transformer overheating  Motor failing  Power factor capacitors failing  Test results will unreliable
TECHNIQUES TO MITIGATE POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS  Compensation techniques can be broadly classified into two main categories:- 1. Passive techniques 2. Active techniques  Passive techniques employ the following devices. * Passive Shunt L-C Filters * Power Factor Correction Capacitors  Active techniques employ the following devices. *PWM Active Filters.
SOME OTHER TECHNIQUES  Segregate sensitive loads on separate branch circuits , fed from a separate panel board , fed from a separate feeders  Use of harmonics rated circuit breakers, panel board and transformers.  Use surge and lightning protection.  Oversize phase conductors to minimize voltage drop.  Choose material of superior quality.
CONCLUSION The wide spread applications of non-linear power electronics loads increases the poor power quality in the electric systems. This presentation has focused broadly on the utilities and customers in the power system. At the same time, the sources of poor power quality and their mitigations techniques has discussed in brief. The effectives means of compensation through various techniques have also been highlighted.
THANK YOU…!!!

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POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

  • 2. INTRODUCTION OF POWER QUALITY  Power Quality is a combination of Voltage profile, Frequency profile, Harmonics contain and reliability of power supply.  The Power Quality is defined as the degree to which the power supply approaches the ideal case of stable, uninterrupted, zero distortion and disturbance free supply.
  • 3.  This presentation represents an overviews of electric power quality with special emphasis on power quality problems.  The adverse impact on utility of customers and their mitigation techniques.  This presentation also deals with serious power quality problems such as voltage distortion due to current harmonics, flicker ,voltage sag and voltage surge..etc  Power quality is related to deliver of “CLEAN” electric power that compile with industry standards.
  • 4. CAUSES OF POOR POWER QUALITY  Variation in voltage magnitude and frequency.  Variation in magnitude can be due to sudden rise or fall of load , outages, repetitive varying loading pattern in rolling mills, power electronic converters, inverters, lightning..etc  Variation in frequency can rise of out of system dynamics or harmonics injection.
  • 5. POWER QUALITY COVERS 1. Reliability :- continuous availability, interruption/breakdown/outage free 2. Parameters:-  Voltage- flicker, swell, sag/dip, unbalance  Frequency- drop or rise  Harmonics contains- SCR, converters, inverters etc.  Transients
  • 6. SOURCES OF POOR POWER QUALITY  Non linear loads  Arcing loads  Switching operation  Reactive loads  Atmospheric condition  Unstable loads  Neighboring unbalance system
  • 7. TYPICAL POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS  Voltage Sags :- A reduction in RMS voltage or current at the power frequency.
  • 8. Voltage Surge:- voltage variation can be positive (higher than normal) or negative (lower than normal)
  • 9.  Transients:- it manifest only as a short duration change in voltage due to switching ON and OFF the loads.  Harmonics:- it is an integer multiple of fundamental frequency in the sine wave of power supply or simply distortion of waveforms.  Lightning:- It produces very high currents, for a short time interval, but enough to cause fires or to destroy microcircuits.
  • 10. IMPACT OF POOR POWER QUALITY  The effect of poor power quality problems has serious implication on the utilities and customers.  Higher losses in transformers, cables .  Neutral wire burning due to third harmonics generated by non linear loads.  Power factor capacitors may punctures.  Energy meters will give faulty readings.  Solid state protective relays may damaged .  Speed drives may shut down.  Motor will increase core and cu losses  Non sinusoidal waveforms will reduce the efficiency of motors.  Electronic computer may loss data due to voltage variation .  Domestics TV and other equipments are affected by the poor quality.
  • 11. SYMPTOMS OF POWER QUALITY PROBLEM  Electronic controlled system that stop unexpectedly  Abnormal failure of electronic systems  Transformer overheating  Motor failing  Power factor capacitors failing  Test results will unreliable
  • 12. TECHNIQUES TO MITIGATE POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS  Compensation techniques can be broadly classified into two main categories:- 1. Passive techniques 2. Active techniques  Passive techniques employ the following devices. * Passive Shunt L-C Filters * Power Factor Correction Capacitors  Active techniques employ the following devices. *PWM Active Filters.
  • 13. SOME OTHER TECHNIQUES  Segregate sensitive loads on separate branch circuits , fed from a separate panel board , fed from a separate feeders  Use of harmonics rated circuit breakers, panel board and transformers.  Use surge and lightning protection.  Oversize phase conductors to minimize voltage drop.  Choose material of superior quality.
  • 14. CONCLUSION The wide spread applications of non-linear power electronics loads increases the poor power quality in the electric systems. This presentation has focused broadly on the utilities and customers in the power system. At the same time, the sources of poor power quality and their mitigations techniques has discussed in brief. The effectives means of compensation through various techniques have also been highlighted.