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Raber west saltcreeklandslide

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GeCo in the Rockies

The document summarizes a massive landslide that occurred on May 25, 2014 near Collbran, Colorado, killing 3 people. High-density LiDAR was used to analyze and model the landslide. Quantum Spatial conducted an emergency LiDAR acquisition from June 1-3, covering 48,118 acres and delivering data within 18 days. Preliminary findings showed the landslide involved a 2,700 foot wide rotational block failure and debris flows that traveled 2.8 miles. Ongoing concerns include the stability of the upper rotated block and potential flooding if the landslide pond fails.

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Steve Raber, QSI Senior Program Manager West Salt Creek Landslide GeCo in the Rockies Conference | September 24, 2014 Matt Morgan, Jon White, F. Scot Fitzgerald and Karen Berry , Colorado Geological Survey
•Massive landslide on May 25th, 2014 •Lower escarpment of the Grand Mesa •Near Collbran, CO … about 40 miles east of here (Grand Junction) … •3 men killed … •Current concerns: –potential pond failure/flood inundation –continued movement –proximity to active well heads •High density LiDAR supported analyses
Raber west saltcreeklandslide
Landslide Collbran Grand Junction
TIMELINE West Salt Creek Landslide
Sunday, May 25, 2014 Morning •Precursor landslide -- east side of West Salt Creek (noted by landowner) •Disruption of irrigation ditch •Second precursor slide -- west side of creek •Eyewitness noted moving ground / crashing/toppling trees on upper valley floor Late afternoon •Inspection by landowner’s son and county public works employees •5:45 pm … 3 landslide pulses within 3 minutes
West East 3 well heads Courtesy of Colorado Geological Survey
660 ft 2.8 mi 1,700 ft Courtesy of Colorado Geological Survey
Interagency Response •Mesa County (Sheriff’s office, Emergency Mgmt., Public Works, other agencies) •FEMA •Colorado Office of Emergency Management •U.S. Forest Service •U.S. Geological Survey •National Geospatial- Intelligence Agency (NGA) •Colorado School of Mines (CSM); Colorado Geological Survey (CGS) •U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (USACE) •USDA National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) •NOAA •Colorado Mesa University •Div. of Water Res./Dam Safety Program •Colo. Water Cons. Board •Town of Collbran
Following Week •Monday, May 26 – Memorial Day •Monitoring tools installed (USFS, USGS, Mesa County) –Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) – image acquisition •Inundation/flood modeling (USGS, USACE, others) •LiDAR coverage (CGS/Colorado State) –Quantum Spatial (QSI) – Acquisition partner •3D modeling (CGS, CSM) •Slope stability analyses (CSM) •Mapping (USGS, CGS)
LiDAR Discussions (Following Week cont.) •QSI - CGS discuss rapid response for LiDAR acquisition •LiDAR study area determined •Response time determined •Mobilization planning •Proposal dev’t / Contracting •CGS emergency access to funds Courtesy of Colorado Geological Survey
CGS Need for LiDAR •Critical: snapshot of slide immediately following event, for baseline elevation and change-detection analyses •Modeling of slide for potential inundation of Collbran •Stability analyses of upper rotated block •Additional landslide hazard mapping around slide area •Calculation of slide volume, areas of excavation and deposition •Elevation data for placement of roadways, canals, and other engineered features
LIDAR ACQUISITION & PROCESSING West Salt Creek Landslide
Area of Interest Debated Options Final AOI 48,118 acres
Acquisition Plan •Mobilize aircraft from nearby project site (Partenavia P68) •Start collection on Sunday, June 1 •Simultaneously acquire control points •Coordinate with onsite incident command (OIC) –Mesa County Sherriff –Temporary flight restriction (TFR)
LiDAR Specs •48,118 acres •12 hrs flying time •1400m (~4600’) AGL •10,200’ terrain elevation •ALS70 Sensor •O2 required for flight crew LiDAR Specifications Summary Multi-Swath Pulse Density ≥ 8 pulses/m2 Scan Angle ≤30o (+/-15o from Nadir) Returns Collected Per Laser Pulse Up to 4 Intensity Range 1-255 Swath Overlap 50% side-lap (100% overlap) GPS PDOP During Acquisition ≤3.0 GPS Satellite Constellation ≥6 Maximum GPS Baseline 13 nautical miles Accuracyz (1.96 ), slope <20o < 20 cm Vertical Accuracy (), slope <20o ≤ 9 cm Horizontal Accuracy () ≤ 30 cm
Deliverables •LiDAR –Point Cloud –All returns, Las 1.2 format –Point files: X,Y,Z, Return Intensity, Return Number, Point Classification (ground, default), Scan Angle, GPS Time •Surface Models –Highest Hit DEM, 1m resolution, ESRI Grid format –Intensity Images, 0.5m resolution, GeoTiff format •Vectors –Survey Boundary, shapefile format –Tiling delineations, shapefile format •Reporting –Methods, Results, Accuracy Assessments, pdf and Word format –Ground Check Points, shapefile format –FGDC-compliant Metadata
Delivery Schedule •NTP: Fri 5/30/14 •Acquisition –Start: Sun 6/1/14 –80% complete: Mon 6/2/14 –100% complete: Tues 6/3/14 •Processing –Start: Wed 6/4/14 –Final deliverables: Mon 6/16/14 •~18 Days from NTP to delivery!
PRELIMINARY FINDINGS West Salt Creek Landslide
LiDAR Surface Model
LiDAR Bare Earth Surface
Raber west saltcreeklandslide
Raber west saltcreeklandslide
Raber west saltcreeklandslide
Raber west saltcreeklandslide
Raber west saltcreeklandslide
Raber west saltcreeklandslide
General •Classified as an extremely rapid rock/debris avalanche and debris flow •Precipitation was slightly above average (morning of 5/25: 1.5" in 3.5 hours) •Moved 2.8 miles, down 2200 vertical feet, from about 9,600’ to 7,400’ elev. –Length 7 times the vertical height •Flows of disaggregated and pulverized rock occurred as cascading stacked pulses (3), mostly constrained by West Salt Creek valley •Landslide deposit at toe was only slightly damp with steep slope at edge (~40 degrees)
General (cont.) •Debris/rock avalanche covered 599 acres (0.95 square miles) •3 fatalities; remains not yet found •Pick-up truck and 4-wheeler also missing •At assumed truck location at end of road, slide is 1,900’ wide and debris deposit up to 125’ thick •Current ground movements very small, mostly in terms of vertical consolidation and settlement (F. Kochevar, Mesa Co.)
West Salt Creek Oxy Hawkins Ranch #14-4A #14-3A #11-13C Assumed truck location Courtesy of Colorado Geological Survey
~2,900 ft ~450 ft Cross sections generated from 4m IfSAR DEM provided by FEMA and post- landslide LiDAR Area of evacuation
Tire tracks of missing truck
Geologic •Eastern portion of ancient landslide failed in recent past (1984, according to Hawkins family) •Upper scarp mapped in regional landslide study by CGS (Soule, 1988) •The May 2014 landslide occurred at same ancient scarp of a geologically recent landslide complex •Full geologic characterization conducted by CGS, USGS, and Colorado Mesa University
Mechanisms of Failure •Trigger: 2,700’ wide rotational block failure •Caused rock avalanches and debris flows •Block failed along pre-existing ancient scarp •Rotational failure and back-tilting of upper block created depression below main scarp of landslide •Eyewitness: entire landslide was in-place within a 15-minute time frame. Seismic wave indicated major block failures within 3 min.
Slide Morphology •Assessed using: –High resolution aerial photography (UAS) •County collected photography during rescue and recovery period (when slide considered unsafe) •Now available on GoogleEarth (3 months after slide) –High density LiDAR hill-shade –Locations of red soil remnants -- reveals some sense of sequence of deposits
Photogrammetry Courtesy of Mesa County Sheriff’s office 100s of UAS images
Long-Term Threats/Concerns •Stability of upper rotated block •Reactivation and retrogressive failures above existing head scarp •Threat of subsequent mud/debris flows –Breach and rapid outlet of ponded water –Mini-tsunamis •Inundation of Salt Creek and flood threat downstream •Spread of landslide toe to Salt Creek •Burial and shearing of Oxy well heads
Well heads Tanks and other infra- structure relocated here Diversion berms and other earthwork to direct flows away from well pad
CURRENT ACTIVITY West Salt Creek Landslide
Pond Monitoring •Water flowed into depression due to spring run-off, at high rate –up to 15 to 30 cfs; current rate ~2-4 cfs –Pond: ~1,500 ac-ft (65,000,000 ft3) •Level stopped rising at end of June •Seeping occurring from base of upper block and small ponds appearing in center of slide and below east ridgeline •Still no water seeping from landslide toe as of September 5 West view (8/21/14)
Future publications •CGS completing preliminary report of the landslide fall 2014 •USGS to complete final paper and detailed map of landslide in future publication
QUANTUM SPATIAL Geospatial Services
The Power of 3
Data Information Understanding LANDSLIDES
Landslide Experience •Oso, WA landslide LiDAR response (2014) – WA DOT; pre- and post-slide data •Oregon Department of Geology And Mineral Industries (DoGAMI) testing of entire Vernonia 7.5’ quad (west of Portland, OR) •California power company – identification of landslides in 32 mile corridor (Lake Tahoe area) … for remediation purposes •Additional pilot studies and smaller projects
Methods/Tools Development •Landslide Support (what we do) –Detection and risk (semi-automated methods) –Rapid response (data acquisition) –Detailed analytics –Impact analyses –Monitoring (LiDAR) •Detection methods –Use of open source GIS, Python, C++, and Java scripting –Pattern recognition algorithm developed by Chang/Lin –Extrapolate conditions based on modeling of small training sites –Polygon labeling and attribution – landslide metrics •Future: development of terrain failure hazard maps
Landslide Analytics •Tool generates multiple layers based on topography; highlights surface feature aberrations –ID sensitive areas previously unknown, unmapped, unmanaged –IDs areas of high, medium and low risk terrain failure –Determine areas of concern, reveal new potential risks, and help experts focus resources in vulnerable areas
Polygons attributed with susceptibility information
Field Tested, Geologist Approved QSI has achieved 95% accuracy for landslide detection Quantum Spatial automated result DoGAMI delineation Field Survey
Case Study Quantum Spatial automated Landslide delineation Transmission Line California power company – landslide detection for mitigation/remediation
Questions sraber@quantumspatial.com Acknowledgements: Quantum Spatial greatly appreciates the support of Matthew Morgan, Senior Research Geologist at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM), Colorado Geological Survey (CGS), for a large portion of the content of this presentation.

More Related Content

Raber west saltcreeklandslide

  • 1. Steve Raber, QSI Senior Program Manager West Salt Creek Landslide GeCo in the Rockies Conference | September 24, 2014 Matt Morgan, Jon White, F. Scot Fitzgerald and Karen Berry , Colorado Geological Survey
  • 2. •Massive landslide on May 25th, 2014 •Lower escarpment of the Grand Mesa •Near Collbran, CO … about 40 miles east of here (Grand Junction) … •3 men killed … •Current concerns: –potential pond failure/flood inundation –continued movement –proximity to active well heads •High density LiDAR supported analyses
  • 5. TIMELINE West Salt Creek Landslide
  • 6. Sunday, May 25, 2014 Morning •Precursor landslide -- east side of West Salt Creek (noted by landowner) •Disruption of irrigation ditch •Second precursor slide -- west side of creek •Eyewitness noted moving ground / crashing/toppling trees on upper valley floor Late afternoon •Inspection by landowner’s son and county public works employees •5:45 pm … 3 landslide pulses within 3 minutes
  • 7. West East 3 well heads Courtesy of Colorado Geological Survey
  • 8. 660 ft 2.8 mi 1,700 ft Courtesy of Colorado Geological Survey
  • 9. Interagency Response •Mesa County (Sheriff’s office, Emergency Mgmt., Public Works, other agencies) •FEMA •Colorado Office of Emergency Management •U.S. Forest Service •U.S. Geological Survey •National Geospatial- Intelligence Agency (NGA) •Colorado School of Mines (CSM); Colorado Geological Survey (CGS) •U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (USACE) •USDA National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) •NOAA •Colorado Mesa University •Div. of Water Res./Dam Safety Program •Colo. Water Cons. Board •Town of Collbran
  • 10. Following Week •Monday, May 26 – Memorial Day •Monitoring tools installed (USFS, USGS, Mesa County) –Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) – image acquisition •Inundation/flood modeling (USGS, USACE, others) •LiDAR coverage (CGS/Colorado State) –Quantum Spatial (QSI) – Acquisition partner •3D modeling (CGS, CSM) •Slope stability analyses (CSM) •Mapping (USGS, CGS)
  • 11. LiDAR Discussions (Following Week cont.) •QSI - CGS discuss rapid response for LiDAR acquisition •LiDAR study area determined •Response time determined •Mobilization planning •Proposal dev’t / Contracting •CGS emergency access to funds Courtesy of Colorado Geological Survey
  • 12. CGS Need for LiDAR •Critical: snapshot of slide immediately following event, for baseline elevation and change-detection analyses •Modeling of slide for potential inundation of Collbran •Stability analyses of upper rotated block •Additional landslide hazard mapping around slide area •Calculation of slide volume, areas of excavation and deposition •Elevation data for placement of roadways, canals, and other engineered features
  • 13. LIDAR ACQUISITION & PROCESSING West Salt Creek Landslide
  • 14. Area of Interest Debated Options Final AOI 48,118 acres
  • 15. Acquisition Plan •Mobilize aircraft from nearby project site (Partenavia P68) •Start collection on Sunday, June 1 •Simultaneously acquire control points •Coordinate with onsite incident command (OIC) –Mesa County Sherriff –Temporary flight restriction (TFR)
  • 16. LiDAR Specs •48,118 acres •12 hrs flying time •1400m (~4600’) AGL •10,200’ terrain elevation •ALS70 Sensor •O2 required for flight crew LiDAR Specifications Summary Multi-Swath Pulse Density ≥ 8 pulses/m2 Scan Angle ≤30o (+/-15o from Nadir) Returns Collected Per Laser Pulse Up to 4 Intensity Range 1-255 Swath Overlap 50% side-lap (100% overlap) GPS PDOP During Acquisition ≤3.0 GPS Satellite Constellation ≥6 Maximum GPS Baseline 13 nautical miles Accuracyz (1.96 ), slope <20o < 20 cm Vertical Accuracy (), slope <20o ≤ 9 cm Horizontal Accuracy () ≤ 30 cm
  • 17. Deliverables •LiDAR –Point Cloud –All returns, Las 1.2 format –Point files: X,Y,Z, Return Intensity, Return Number, Point Classification (ground, default), Scan Angle, GPS Time •Surface Models –Highest Hit DEM, 1m resolution, ESRI Grid format –Intensity Images, 0.5m resolution, GeoTiff format •Vectors –Survey Boundary, shapefile format –Tiling delineations, shapefile format •Reporting –Methods, Results, Accuracy Assessments, pdf and Word format –Ground Check Points, shapefile format –FGDC-compliant Metadata
  • 18. Delivery Schedule •NTP: Fri 5/30/14 •Acquisition –Start: Sun 6/1/14 –80% complete: Mon 6/2/14 –100% complete: Tues 6/3/14 •Processing –Start: Wed 6/4/14 –Final deliverables: Mon 6/16/14 •~18 Days from NTP to delivery!
  • 19. PRELIMINARY FINDINGS West Salt Creek Landslide
  • 21. LiDAR Bare Earth Surface
  • 28. General •Classified as an extremely rapid rock/debris avalanche and debris flow •Precipitation was slightly above average (morning of 5/25: 1.5" in 3.5 hours) •Moved 2.8 miles, down 2200 vertical feet, from about 9,600’ to 7,400’ elev. –Length 7 times the vertical height •Flows of disaggregated and pulverized rock occurred as cascading stacked pulses (3), mostly constrained by West Salt Creek valley •Landslide deposit at toe was only slightly damp with steep slope at edge (~40 degrees)
  • 29. General (cont.) •Debris/rock avalanche covered 599 acres (0.95 square miles) •3 fatalities; remains not yet found •Pick-up truck and 4-wheeler also missing •At assumed truck location at end of road, slide is 1,900’ wide and debris deposit up to 125’ thick •Current ground movements very small, mostly in terms of vertical consolidation and settlement (F. Kochevar, Mesa Co.)
  • 30. West Salt Creek Oxy Hawkins Ranch #14-4A #14-3A #11-13C Assumed truck location Courtesy of Colorado Geological Survey
  • 31. ~2,900 ft ~450 ft Cross sections generated from 4m IfSAR DEM provided by FEMA and post- landslide LiDAR Area of evacuation
  • 32. Tire tracks of missing truck
  • 33. Geologic •Eastern portion of ancient landslide failed in recent past (1984, according to Hawkins family) •Upper scarp mapped in regional landslide study by CGS (Soule, 1988) •The May 2014 landslide occurred at same ancient scarp of a geologically recent landslide complex •Full geologic characterization conducted by CGS, USGS, and Colorado Mesa University
  • 34. Mechanisms of Failure •Trigger: 2,700’ wide rotational block failure •Caused rock avalanches and debris flows •Block failed along pre-existing ancient scarp •Rotational failure and back-tilting of upper block created depression below main scarp of landslide •Eyewitness: entire landslide was in-place within a 15-minute time frame. Seismic wave indicated major block failures within 3 min.
  • 35. Slide Morphology •Assessed using: –High resolution aerial photography (UAS) •County collected photography during rescue and recovery period (when slide considered unsafe) •Now available on GoogleEarth (3 months after slide) –High density LiDAR hill-shade –Locations of red soil remnants -- reveals some sense of sequence of deposits
  • 36. Photogrammetry Courtesy of Mesa County Sheriff’s office 100s of UAS images
  • 37. Long-Term Threats/Concerns •Stability of upper rotated block •Reactivation and retrogressive failures above existing head scarp •Threat of subsequent mud/debris flows –Breach and rapid outlet of ponded water –Mini-tsunamis •Inundation of Salt Creek and flood threat downstream •Spread of landslide toe to Salt Creek •Burial and shearing of Oxy well heads
  • 38. Well heads Tanks and other infra- structure relocated here Diversion berms and other earthwork to direct flows away from well pad
  • 39. CURRENT ACTIVITY West Salt Creek Landslide
  • 40. Pond Monitoring •Water flowed into depression due to spring run-off, at high rate –up to 15 to 30 cfs; current rate ~2-4 cfs –Pond: ~1,500 ac-ft (65,000,000 ft3) •Level stopped rising at end of June •Seeping occurring from base of upper block and small ponds appearing in center of slide and below east ridgeline •Still no water seeping from landslide toe as of September 5 West view (8/21/14)
  • 41. Future publications •CGS completing preliminary report of the landslide fall 2014 •USGS to complete final paper and detailed map of landslide in future publication
  • 45. Landslide Experience •Oso, WA landslide LiDAR response (2014) – WA DOT; pre- and post-slide data •Oregon Department of Geology And Mineral Industries (DoGAMI) testing of entire Vernonia 7.5’ quad (west of Portland, OR) •California power company – identification of landslides in 32 mile corridor (Lake Tahoe area) … for remediation purposes •Additional pilot studies and smaller projects
  • 46. Methods/Tools Development •Landslide Support (what we do) –Detection and risk (semi-automated methods) –Rapid response (data acquisition) –Detailed analytics –Impact analyses –Monitoring (LiDAR) •Detection methods –Use of open source GIS, Python, C++, and Java scripting –Pattern recognition algorithm developed by Chang/Lin –Extrapolate conditions based on modeling of small training sites –Polygon labeling and attribution – landslide metrics •Future: development of terrain failure hazard maps
  • 47. Landslide Analytics •Tool generates multiple layers based on topography; highlights surface feature aberrations –ID sensitive areas previously unknown, unmapped, unmanaged –IDs areas of high, medium and low risk terrain failure –Determine areas of concern, reveal new potential risks, and help experts focus resources in vulnerable areas
  • 48. Polygons attributed with susceptibility information
  • 49. Field Tested, Geologist Approved QSI has achieved 95% accuracy for landslide detection Quantum Spatial automated result DoGAMI delineation Field Survey
  • 50. Case Study Quantum Spatial automated Landslide delineation Transmission Line California power company – landslide detection for mitigation/remediation
  • 51. Questions sraber@quantumspatial.com Acknowledgements: Quantum Spatial greatly appreciates the support of Matthew Morgan, Senior Research Geologist at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM), Colorado Geological Survey (CGS), for a large portion of the content of this presentation.