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POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION

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Atul Kumar Sharma
Atul Kumar Sharma

Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) is a communication method that uses electrical wiring to simultaneously carry both data and electric power. This makes power line communication one of the best means for networking. It is also known as power line carrier, power line digital subscriber line (PDSL), mains communication, power line telecommunications, or power line networking (PLN).

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A Practical Training Report On Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) taken at PLCC SECTION 132KV G.S.S. CHAMBAL POWER HOUSE, JAIPUR Submitted in Partial fulfillment of Bachelor’s Degree in Technology Rajasthan Technical University Kota Presented By : Atul Kumar Sharma B.Tech 7th SEM. (14ECIEC002) CITM Sitapura, Jaipur
INTRODUCTION TO PLCC  POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION is the technology which is used to communicate between electric substations through existing electrical cables.  POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION is mainly used for telecommunication, tele-monitoring and tele-protection between electric substations through power lines at high voltages. The data can be transfer at 9.6Kbits/sec over many miles of electrical cable.
TYPICAL PLCC INSTALLATION
BASIC PRINCIPAL OF PLCC  Power-line communications systems operate by adding a modulated carrier signal on one conductor, on two conductors or on all three conductors of a high-voltage AC transmission line.  Different types of power-line communications use different frequency bands. Since the power distribution system was originally intended for transmission of AC power at typical frequencies of 50 or 60 Hz. Power wire circuits have only a limited ability to carry higher frequencies.
 To carry out this communication there is a need of modulation. For PLCC, generally amplitude modulation (AM) is used.  In amplitude modulation, the amplitude (signal strength) of the carrier wave is varied according to modulating signal.  Sometimes frequency modulation is also used if transmitting medium is optical fiber instead of coaxial cable.
PLCC SYSTEM
PLCC EQUIPMENTS  PLCC has some equipment inside the PLCC room and some part in switch yard. EQUIPMENTS OF SUB-STATION (OUTDOOR EQUIPMENT) 1. Lightning arrester 2. Wave traps 3. Drainage coils 4. LMU 5. Earthing switch 6. CC/CVT 7. Co-axial cable INDOOR EQUIPMENT 1. PLCC station 2. Battery bank 3. Battery charger 4. EPBAX 5. RTU 6. Modem
POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION
PLCC Station: It is the station where Transmision, Reception, Amplification and Filtration are performed. Frequency Range : 40 – 500 khz Audio Bandwidth : 4 Khz Output Power : 10 – 80 W ABB PLCC TERMINAL ETL- 41
PLCC PanelLet’s have a closer look of “PLCC Panel”
Line Matching Unit  For impedance matching between line and coaxial cable, includes high voltage protection devices like drainage coil(20mH), lightening arrestor(500V) and an earth switch.
Lightning Arrestor : This is used for arresting any AC high voltages spike entering to the LINE MATCHING UNIT.
Earth Switch: This is used for the maintenances of LMU. The main function of Earth switch is to ground the trapped charges.
Control Voltage Transformer/Coupling Capacitors  It is connected between the line matching unit and the power lines to block the high voltage entering to PLCC equipment.  It couples high frequency carries with power line.
CVT/CC
WAVE TRAPS or LINE TRAPS  Wave traps are used between the transmission line and the power stations to avoid carrier power dislocation in the power plant and cross talk with other power line carrier circuits connected to the same power station.
POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION
ADVANTAGES  No separate wires are needed for communication purposes, as the power lines themselves carry power as well as communication signals. hence the cost is less.  Power lines have appreciably higher mechanical strength compared with ordinary lines. They would normally remain unaffected under the conditions, which might seriously damage telephone lines. Power lines have large cross-sectional area resulting in very low resistance per unit length. Consequently carrier signals suffer much less attenuation than when they travel on telephone lines of equal lengths. Power lines are well insulated to provide only negligible leakage between conductors and ground even in adverse weather conditions.  Largest spacing between conductors reduces capacitance, which results in smaller attenuation at high frequencies. The large spacing also reduces the cross talk to a considerable extent.
DISADVANTAGES  Proper care has to be taken to guard carrier equipment and persons using them against high voltages and currents on the lines. High voltage lines have transformer connections, attenuate carrier currents. Sub-station equipments adversely affect the carrier currents.  Noise introduced by power lines is far more than in case of telephone lines. This is due to the noise generated by discharge across insulators, corona and switching processes. The noise is also introduced in the signal due to bad weather conditions.
POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION
POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION

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POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION

  • 1. A Practical Training Report On Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) taken at PLCC SECTION 132KV G.S.S. CHAMBAL POWER HOUSE, JAIPUR Submitted in Partial fulfillment of Bachelor’s Degree in Technology Rajasthan Technical University Kota Presented By : Atul Kumar Sharma B.Tech 7th SEM. (14ECIEC002) CITM Sitapura, Jaipur
  • 2. INTRODUCTION TO PLCC  POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION is the technology which is used to communicate between electric substations through existing electrical cables.  POWER LINE CARRIER COMMUNICATION is mainly used for telecommunication, tele-monitoring and tele-protection between electric substations through power lines at high voltages. The data can be transfer at 9.6Kbits/sec over many miles of electrical cable.
  • 4. BASIC PRINCIPAL OF PLCC  Power-line communications systems operate by adding a modulated carrier signal on one conductor, on two conductors or on all three conductors of a high-voltage AC transmission line.  Different types of power-line communications use different frequency bands. Since the power distribution system was originally intended for transmission of AC power at typical frequencies of 50 or 60 Hz. Power wire circuits have only a limited ability to carry higher frequencies.
  • 5.  To carry out this communication there is a need of modulation. For PLCC, generally amplitude modulation (AM) is used.  In amplitude modulation, the amplitude (signal strength) of the carrier wave is varied according to modulating signal.  Sometimes frequency modulation is also used if transmitting medium is optical fiber instead of coaxial cable.
  • 7. PLCC EQUIPMENTS  PLCC has some equipment inside the PLCC room and some part in switch yard. EQUIPMENTS OF SUB-STATION (OUTDOOR EQUIPMENT) 1. Lightning arrester 2. Wave traps 3. Drainage coils 4. LMU 5. Earthing switch 6. CC/CVT 7. Co-axial cable INDOOR EQUIPMENT 1. PLCC station 2. Battery bank 3. Battery charger 4. EPBAX 5. RTU 6. Modem
  • 9. PLCC Station: It is the station where Transmision, Reception, Amplification and Filtration are performed. Frequency Range : 40 – 500 khz Audio Bandwidth : 4 Khz Output Power : 10 – 80 W ABB PLCC TERMINAL ETL- 41
  • 10. PLCC PanelLet’s have a closer look of “PLCC Panel”
  • 11. Line Matching Unit  For impedance matching between line and coaxial cable, includes high voltage protection devices like drainage coil(20mH), lightening arrestor(500V) and an earth switch.
  • 12. Lightning Arrestor : This is used for arresting any AC high voltages spike entering to the LINE MATCHING UNIT.
  • 13. Earth Switch: This is used for the maintenances of LMU. The main function of Earth switch is to ground the trapped charges.
  • 14. Control Voltage Transformer/Coupling Capacitors  It is connected between the line matching unit and the power lines to block the high voltage entering to PLCC equipment.  It couples high frequency carries with power line.
  • 16. WAVE TRAPS or LINE TRAPS  Wave traps are used between the transmission line and the power stations to avoid carrier power dislocation in the power plant and cross talk with other power line carrier circuits connected to the same power station.
  • 18. ADVANTAGES  No separate wires are needed for communication purposes, as the power lines themselves carry power as well as communication signals. hence the cost is less.  Power lines have appreciably higher mechanical strength compared with ordinary lines. They would normally remain unaffected under the conditions, which might seriously damage telephone lines. Power lines have large cross-sectional area resulting in very low resistance per unit length. Consequently carrier signals suffer much less attenuation than when they travel on telephone lines of equal lengths. Power lines are well insulated to provide only negligible leakage between conductors and ground even in adverse weather conditions.  Largest spacing between conductors reduces capacitance, which results in smaller attenuation at high frequencies. The large spacing also reduces the cross talk to a considerable extent.
  • 19. DISADVANTAGES  Proper care has to be taken to guard carrier equipment and persons using them against high voltages and currents on the lines. High voltage lines have transformer connections, attenuate carrier currents. Sub-station equipments adversely affect the carrier currents.  Noise introduced by power lines is far more than in case of telephone lines. This is due to the noise generated by discharge across insulators, corona and switching processes. The noise is also introduced in the signal due to bad weather conditions.