Php.ppt

Introduction to PHP:-
 PHP is a server scripting language, and a
powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive
Web pages.
 PHP stands for “PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor”.
 Syntax based on Perl, Java , And C.
 Very good for creating dynamic content.
 PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient
alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's
ASP.
 Powerful, But somewhat risky!

History:-
 Started as a Perl hack in 1994 by Rasmus
Lerdorf (to handle his resume), developed
to PHP.
 By 1997 up to PHP 3.0 with a new parser
engine by Zee Suraski and Andi Gutamns.
 Version 5.2.4 is current version, rewritten
by Zend to include a no. of features, Such as
an object model.
 Current is version 5.

How To Run Program In PHP:-
 URL Open.
 Server Must Be ON.
 URL Address:- 127.0.0.1/folder name/file name
or
local host/folder name/filename

PHP Scripts:-
 Typically file ends in “.php”- -this is set by the web
server configuration.
 Separated in files with the <?php ?>.
 PHP commands can make up an entire files, or
can be contained in html- -this is a choice….
 Program lines end in “ ; ” or we get an error.
 Server recognizes embedded script and executes.
 Result is passed to browser, Source isn’t visible.

Example of PHP Script:-
 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "My first PHP
script!";
?>
</body>
</html>
Output:-
My first PHP script!

String Print:-
 “ ”
 ‘ ’
 ;
 “ ‘ ’ ”
 ‘ “ ” ’
Note:- If we want embed another
language, like HTML in PHP then all
HTML works as a string.

PHP echo and print statements:-
 echo and print are more or less the same.
They are both used to output data to the
screen.
 The differences are small: echo has no
return value while print has a return value
of 1 so it can be used in expressions. echo
can take multiple parameters (although
such usage is rare) while print can take one
argument. echo is marginally faster than
print.

Example of echo statements:-
 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "<h2>PHP is
Fun!</h2>";
echo "Hello world!<br>";
echo "I'm about to learn
PHP!<br>";
echo "This ", "string ", "was
", "made ", "with multiple
parameters.";
?>
</body>
</html>
 Output:-
PHP is Fun!
Hello world!
I'm about to learn PHP!
This string was made with
multiple parameters.

Example of print statements:-
 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
print "<h2>PHP is
Fun!</h2>";
print "Hello world!<br>";
print "I'm about to learn
PHP!";
?>
</body>
</html>
 Output:-
PHP is Fun!
Hello world!
I'm about to learn PHP!

PHP Variables:-
 Rules for PHP variables:
- A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the
name of the variable.
- A variable name must start with a letter or the
underscore character.
- A variable name cannot start with a number.
- A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric
characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ ).
- Variable names are case-sensitive ($age and
$AGE are two different variables).

PHP Data Types:-
 Types of declaration of variable is known as Data Type.
 PHP supports the following data types:
- String
-Integer
-Float (floating point numbers - also called
double)
-Boolean
-Array
-Object
-NULL
-Resource

PHP String:-
 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$x = "Hello world!";
$y = 'Hello world!”;
echo $x;
echo "<br>";
echo $y;
?>
</body>
</html>
 Output:-
Hello world!
Hello world!

PHP Integer:-
 An integer data type is a non-decimal number
between -2,147,483,648 and 2,147,483,647.
*Rules for integers:
 An integer must have at least one digit.
 An integer must not have a decimal point.
 An integer can be either positive or negative.
 Integers can be specified in three formats:
decimal (10-based), hexadecimal (16-based -
prefixed with 0x) or octal (8-based - prefixed with
0).

Example of PHP Integer:-
 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$x = 5985;
var_dump($x);
?>
</body>
</html>
 Output:-
int(5985)

Example PHP Float:-
 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$x = 10.365;
var_dump($x);
?>
</body>
</html>
 Output:-
float(10.365)

PHP Boolean:-
 A Boolean represents two possible states:
TRUE or FALSE.
 $x = true;
$y = false;
Booleans are often used in conditional
testing. You will learn more about
conditional testing in a later chapter of this
tutorial.

PHP Arrays:-
 An array stores multiple values in one single
variable.
 Example
<?php
$cars = array("Volvo","BMW","Toyota");
var_dump($cars);
?>
 Output:-
array(3) { [0]=> string(5) "Volvo" [1]=> string(3)
"BMW" [2]=> string(6) "Toyota" }

PHP Objects:-
 An object is a data type which stores data
and information on how to process that
data.
 In PHP, an object must be explicitly
declared.
 First we must declare a class of object. For
this, we use the class keyword. A class is a
structure that can contain properties and
methods.

PHP Null Value:-
 Null is a special data type which can have
only one value: NULL.
 A variable of data type NULL is a variable
that has no value assigned to it.
Note: If a variable is created without a
value, it is automatically assigned a value of
NULL.
Variables can also be emptied by setting the
value to NULL:

Example of PHP Null Value:-
 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$x = "Hello world!";
$x = null;
var_dump($x);
?>
</body>
</html>
 Output:-
NULL

PHP Operator:-
 Operators are used to perform operations on
variables and values.
PHP divides the operators in the following
groups:
 Arithmetic operators. (For normal operations)
 Assignment operators. ( = )
 Relational operators. ( < , > , < = , = > )
 Logical operators. ( and , or )

PHP Conditional Statements:-
In PHP we have the following conditional statements:
 if statement - executes some code if one condition
is true.
 if...else statement - executes some code if a
condition is true and another code if that condition
is false.
 if...elseif....else statement - executes different
codes for more than two conditions
 switch statement - selects one of many blocks of
code to be executed.

PHP- The If Statement:-
 The if statement executes some code if one
condition Is true.
 Example Output:-
<?php Have a good day!
$t = date("H");
if ($t < "20") {
echo "Have a good day!";
}
?>

PHP- The If ... Else Statement:-
 It executes some code if a condition is true and another
code if that condition is false.
 Example:- Output:-
<?php
$t = date("H"); Have a good day!
if ($t < "20") {
} else {
echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>

PHP- The If .. Elseif..else Statement:-
 The if....elseif...else statement executes different
codes for more than two conditions.
 Syntax
if (condition) {
code to be executed if this condition is true;
} elseif (condition) {
code to be executed if this condition is true;
} else {
code to be executed if all conditions are false;
}

Example If .. Elseif..else Statement:-
 <?php Output:-
$t = date("H");
if ($t < "10") { Have a good day!
echo "HII!";
} elseif ($t < "20") {
} else {
echo "Have a good night!";
}
?>

The PHP Switch Statement:-
 “Use the switch statement to select one of many blocks of code to be executed”.
 Example:-
?php
$color = "red"; Output:-
switch ($color) {
case "red": Your color is red!
echo "Your color is red!";
break;
case "blue":
echo "Your color is blue!";
break;
case "green":
echo "Your color is green!";
break;
default:
echo "Your color is neither red, blue, nor green!";
}
?>

How To Get Form Value:-
Super Global Variable
 $_GET [‘ ’];
 $_POST [‘ ’ ];
 $_REQUEST_ [‘ ’];

How To upload image on a server:-

PHP Loop
In PHP, we have the following looping
statements:-
 while - loops through a block of code as
long as the specified condition is true.
 do...while - loops through a block of code
once, and then repeats the loop as long as
the specified condition is true.
 for - loops through a block of code a
specified number of times.
 foreach - loops through a block of code for
each element in an array.

PHP for loop:-
 The for loop is used when you know in advance
how many times the script should run.
Parameters:
 init counter: Initialize the loop counter value.
 test counter: Evaluated for each loop iteration. If
it evaluates to TRUE, the loop continues. If it
evaluates to FALSE, the loop ends.
 increment counter: Increases the loop counter
value.

Example 1 of for loop:-
 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
for ($x = 0; $x <= 10;
$x++) {
echo "The number is:
$x <br>";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
 Output:-
The number is: 0
The number is: 1
The number is: 2
The number is: 3
The number is: 4
The number is: 5
The number is: 6
The number is: 7
The number is: 8
The number is: 9
The number is: 10

Example 2 of for loop:-
 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
for ($i = 1; $i <= 10;
$i++)
{
$c=$i*2;
echo $c.”<br>”;
}
 Output:-
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20

PHP while loop:-
 The while loop executes a block of code
as long as the specified condition is
true.
Syntax
while (condition is true)
{
code to be executed;
}

Example 1 of while loop:-
 !DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$a = 1;
while($a <= 5) {
echo $a “<br>";
$a++;
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Output:-
1
2
3
4
5

Example 2 of while loop:-
 DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$a = 1;
while($a <= 10) {
$c=$a*2;
echo $c “<br>";
$a++;
}
?>
</body>
</html>
 Output:-
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20

PHP foreach loop:-
 The foreach loop works only on arrays, and is
used to loop through each key/value pair in an
array.
 Syntax:-
foreach(array name of variable as desired
variable)
{
Desired variable;
}

Example of foreach loop:-
 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$colors
= array("red", "green", "b
lue", "yellow");
foreach ($colors as $valu
e) {
echo "$value <br>";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Output:-
red
green
blue
yellow

PHP String:-
 strupper
 strlower
 strrev
 strlen
 substr

Example of strings:-
 <?php
$a=“rcew”;
echo strupper($c);
echo strlowerer($c);
echo strrev($c);
echo strlen($c);
?>
 Output:-
RCEW
rcew
wecr
4

Example of substring:-
<?php
$a=7062033739;
echo“xxxxxxx”.substr($a,7,3);
?>
Output:-
xxxxxxx739

PHP function:-
 include- It is used to include the file, if file is
not found then warning will be show and
script continue.
 require- It is used to include the file, But file
is not found in error will be show with
warning and screen stop.
 include_once-

.require_once-
. Implode- Implode is used to convert array
Into string.
. Explode- Explode is used to convert into
array.

PHP Array
 An array is a special variable, which can
hold more than one value at a time.
 Create an Array in PHP-
In PHP, the array( ) function is used to
create an array:
array( );

PHP Array function:-
 max:- find the largest value.
 min:-find the smallest value.
 array-sum:-means sum between two arrays.
 array-product:- means multiple.
 array-merge:- merge between two arrays.
 sort:-accending order.
 r-sort:-deccending order.
 array-pop:- delete last value.
 array push:-add value in last.

. array-shift:- delete first value.
. array-un shift:- add value in first
. print-r:- print the index and name
value first.

Example of max:-
 <?php
$arrr=array(4,9,80,95,
300,1,600);
echo max($arrr);
?>
 Output:-
600

Example of min:-
 <?php
300,1,600);
echo min($arrr);
?>
 Output:-
1

Example of sum:-
 <?php
$arrr=array(4,9,80,
95,300,1,600);
echo array
sum($arrr);
?>
 Output:-
1089

Example of product:-
 <?php
$arrr=array(4,9,80,
95,300,1,600);
echo
array_product($arr
r);
?>
 Output:-
49248000000

Example of merge:-
 <?php
$arrr=array(4,9,80,95,300
,1,600);
$arr=array(7,9,34,86,986,)
;
$ar=array_merge($arrr,$
arr);
foreach($ar as $d)
{
echo $d."<br>";
}
?>
 Output:-
4
9
80
95
300
1
600
7
9
34
86
986

Example of sort:-
 <?php
300,1,600);
sort($arrr);
foreach($arrr as $n)
{
echo $n."<br>";
}
?>
 Output:-
1
4
9
80
95
300
600

Example of rsort:-
 <?php
300,1,600);
rsort($arrr);
foreach($arrr as $d)
{
echo $d."<br>";
}
?>
 Output:-
600
300
95
80
9
4
1

Example of array_pop:-
 <?php
300,1,600);
array_pop($arrr);
{
echo $d."<br>";
}
?>
 Output:-
4
9
80
95
300
1

Example of array_push:-
 <?php
300,1,600);
array_push($arrr,111,1
21);
{
echo $d."<br>";
}
?>
Output:-
 4
9
80
95
300
1
600
111
121

Example of array_shift:-
 <?php
300,1,600);
array_shift($arrr);
{
echo $d."<br>";
}
?>
 Output:-
9
80
95
300
1
600

Example of array_unshift:-
 <?php
300,1,600);
array_unshift($arrr,00
,131);
{
echo $d."<br>";
}
?>
 Output:-
0
131
4
9
80
95
300
1
600

 <?php
300,1,600);
print_r($arrr);
{
echo $d."<br>";
}
?>
 Output:-
Array ( [0] => 4 [1] => 9 [2]
=> 80 [3] => 95 [4] => 300
[5] => 1 [6] => 600 ) 4
9
80
95
300
1
600

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