PHP Performance SfLive 2010
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The document discusses various ways to optimize PHP performance. It provides examples of optimizing a SwiftMailer implementation by reducing function calls, using built-in array functions like array_merge instead of multiple calls, and iterating over arrays in tight loops. It also discusses how the Zend engine stores and handles values and memory management techniques like using copy-on-write to avoid wasting memory. Other optimization techniques mentioned include using opcode caching, data caching, batch database access, and creating PHP extensions.
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PHP Performance SfLive 2010
- 1. PHP Performances De Cock Xavier
- 2. Who am I? PECL Developer BBCode extension
- 3. Various in house extensions Swiftmailer contributor Started to work on swiftmailer for performance issues.
- 4. What is PHP ? Scripting langage
- 5. Scripting engine Zend Engine
- 7. Zend Engine Memory representation of datas
- 8. Source code compilation to Opcode
- 11. Meet The Zval Zval is the way ZE Stores values
- 12. Benefits The Zval use Copy on write
- 14. Automatic garbage collection when ref_count is 0
- 15. As of PHP 5.3 Cyclic garbage collector
- 16. Zval Examples <?php $a = 41 ; /* Context ("a" => Zval_1); * Zval_1 {ref_count:1, value:41, type:LONG}; */ $b = $a ; /* Context ("a" => Zval_1, "b" => Zval_1); * Zval_1 {ref_count:2, value:41, type:LONG}; */ $b ++ ; /* Context ("a"=> Zval_1, "b" => Zval_2); * Zval_1 {ref_count:1, value:41, type:LONG}; * Zval_2 {ref_count:1, value:42, type:LONG}; */ $b .= ", The answer ..." ; /* Context ("a"=> Zval_1, "b" => Zval_3); * Zval_1 {ref_count:1, value:41, type:LONG}; * Zval_2 {ref_count:0, value:42, type:LONG}; // Freed * Zval_3 {ref_count:1, value:"42, The answer ...", type:STRING}; */
- 17. Don't try to outsmart ZE Working by reference will usually make you waste memory as it can trigger more easily the copy on write < ?php $a = 1 ; /* Zval {val:1; ref_count:1; is_ref:f} */ $b = & $a ; /* Zval {val:1; ref_count:2; is_ref: t } */ print ( $b ); /* This is a pass by value function, so, * what's send to print is : * Zval2 {val:1 ref_count:1; is_ref:f } */
- 18. Zend Op Opcode is the “machine langage” of ZE
- 19. What's in a zend_op OpCode
- 20. Op1
- 21. Op2
- 22. Metas (line n°, handler, result, ...)
- 23. Opcode examples <?php echo "Hello", " ", "World"; filename: /home/xavier/- function name: (null) number of ops: 5 compiled vars: none line # op operands --------------------------------------------- 2 0 ECHO OP1[ 'Hello' ] 1 ECHO OP1[ ' ' ] 2 ECHO OP1[ 'World' ] 4 3 RETURN OP1[ 1 ] 4* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION
- 24. Opcode examples <?php echo "Hello"." "."World"; filename: /home/xavier/- function name: (null) number of ops: 5 compiled vars: none line # op return operands --------------------------------------- 2 0 CONCAT RES[ ~0 ] OP1[ 'Hello' ] OP2[ '+' ] 1 CONCAT RES[ ~1 ] OP1[ ~0 ] OP2[ 'World' ] 2 ECHO OP1[ ~1 ] 3 3 RETURN OP1[ 1 ] 4* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION
- 25. Hash Tables Everythings basically stays in an hash table Symbol Tables (Local / global Variables)
- 26. Arrays
- 28. Ini Directives, included Files
- 30. Hash Tables Pros: 2 quick access patterns Get value by key
- 31. Table Traversal nest / previous item Count is a fast operation Cons: Not able to browse by value
- 32. Garbage collector PHP 5.3 includes a Garbage collector that break reference cycle.
- 33. PHP 5.2 does not include a GC Avoid creating cycles
- 34. Break them before unset
- 35. Try to keep in mind what can hold ref Keep in mind what handle ref: Closures, Callback, Ressources, ...
- 36. SwiftMailer Examples Implementation 1 foreach ( unpack ('C*' , $bytes ) as $byte ) // Convert String to int array { $this -> _array [] = pack ('C' , $byte ); // Function Call in tight loop } filename: /home/xavier/Bureau/php-5.3.1/ext/- function name: (null) number of ops: 17 compiled vars: !0 = $bytes, !1 = $byte line # op return operands ----------------------------------------------- 2 0 SEND_VAL OP1[ 'C*' ] 1 SEND_VAR OP1[ !0 ] 2 DO_FCALL OP1[ 'unpack' ] 3 FE_RESET RES[ $1 ] OP1[ $0 ] OP2[ ->14 ] 4 FE_FETCH RES[ $2 ] OP1[ $1 ] OP2[ ->14 ] 5 ZEND_OP_DATA RES[ UNUSED ] OP1[ UNUSED ] OP2[ UNUSED ] 6 ASSIGN OP1[ !1 ] OP2[ $2 ] 4 7 SEND_VAL OP1[ 'C' ] 8 SEND_VAR OP1[ !1 ] 9 DO_FCALL OP1[ 'pack' ] 10 FETCH_OBJ_W RES[ $4 ] OP1[ UNUSED ] OP2[ '_array' ] 11 ZEND_ASSIGN_DIM OP1[ $4 ] OP2[ UNUSED ] 12 ZEND_OP_DATA RES[ UNUSED ] OP1[ $6 ] OP2[ $7 ] 5 13 JMP OP1[ ->4 ] 14 SWITCH_FREE RES[ UNUSED ] OP1[ $1 ] 6 15 RETURN OP1[ 1 ] 16* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION
- 37. SwiftMailer Examples Implementation 2 $to_add = str_split ( $bytes ); // Convert string to char array /* add the array as first arg of the function */ array_unshift ( $to_add , & $this -> _array ); // Will trigger E_STRICT /* Push all elements in one function call and get the count */ $this -> _arraySize = call_user_func_array ('array_push' , $to_add ); compiled vars: !0 = $to_add, !1 = $bytes line # op return operands -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 SEND_VAR OP1[ !1 ] 1 DO_FCALL OP1[ 'str_split' ] 2 ASSIGN OP1[ !0 ] OP2[ $0 ] 4 3 SEND_REF RES[ UNUSED ] OP1[ !0 ] OP2[ UNUSED ] 4 FETCH_OBJ_W RES[ $2 ] OP1[ UNUSED ] OP2[ '_array' ] 5 SEND_REF RES[ UNUSED ] OP1[ $2 ] OP2[ UNUSED ] 6 DO_FCALL OP1[ 'array_unshift' ] 6 7 SEND_VAL OP1[ 'array_push' ] 8 SEND_VAR OP1[ !0 ] 9 DO_FCALL OP1[ 'call_user_func_array' ] 10 ZEND_ASSIGN_OBJ OP1[ UNUSED ] OP2[ '_arraySize' ] 11 ZEND_OP_DATA RES[ UNUSED ] OP1[ $5 ] OP2[ UNUSED ] 7 12 RETURN OP1[ 1 ] 13* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION
- 38. SwiftMailer Examples Implementation 3 $to_add = str_split ( $bytes ); // Convert string to char array /* Calls array Merge */ /* Array merge works by copying the first array element By element, then the second, third, … The speed decreases with the number of items in each array */ $this -> _array = array_merge ( $this -> _array , $to_add ); $this -> _arraySize = count ( $this -> _array ); compiled vars: !0 = $to_add, !1 = $bytes line # op return operands ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 SEND_VAR OP1[ !1 ] 1 DO_FCALL OP1[ 'str_split' ] 2 ASSIGN OP1[ !0 ] OP2[ $0 ] 7 3 FETCH_OBJ_R RES[ $3 ] OP1[ UNUSED ] OP2[ '_array' ] 4 SEND_VAR OP1[ $3 ] 5 SEND_VAR OP1[ !0 ] 6 DO_FCALL OP1[ 'array_merge' ] 7 ZEND_ASSIGN_OBJ OP1[ UNUSED ] OP2[ '_array' ] 8 ZEND_OP_DATA RES[ UNUSED ] OP1[ $4 ] OP2[ UNUSED ] 8 9 FETCH_OBJ_R RES[ $6 ] OP1[ UNUSED ] OP2[ '_array' ] 10 SEND_VAR OP1[ $6 ] 11 DO_FCALL OP1[ 'count' ] 12 ZEND_ASSIGN_OBJ OP1[ UNUSED ] OP2[ '_arraySize' ] 13 ZEND_OP_DATA RES[ UNUSED ] OP1[ $7 ] OP2[ UNUSED ] 10 14 RETURN OP1[ 1 ] 15* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION
- 39. SwiftMailer Examples Implementation 4 $to_add = str_split ( $bytes ); foreach ( $to_add as $value ) { $this -> _array [] = $value ; } $this -> _arraySize = count ( $this -> _array ); compiled vars: !0 = $to_add, !1 = $bytes, !2 = $value line # op return operands -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 0 SEND_VAR OP1[ !1 ] 1 DO_FCALL OP1[ 'str_split' ] 2 ASSIGN OP1[ !0 ] OP2[ $0 ] 2 3 FE_RESET RES[ $2 ] OP1[ !0 ] OP2[ ->11 ] 4 FE_FETCH RES[ $3 ] OP1[ $2 ] OP2[ ->11 ] 5 ZEND_OP_DATA RES[ UNUSED ] OP1[ UNUSED ] OP2[ UNUSED ] 6 ASSIGN OP1[ !2 ] OP2[ $3 ] 3 7 FETCH_OBJ_W RES[ $5 ] OP1[ UNUSED ] OP2[ '_array' ] 8 ZEND_ASSIGN_DIM OP1[ $5 ] OP2[ UNUSED ] 9 ZEND_OP_DATA RES[ UNUSED ] OP1[ !2 ] OP2[ $7 ] 4 10 JMP OP1[ ->4 ] 11 SWITCH_FREE RES[ UNUSED ] OP1[ $2 ] 5 12 FETCH_OBJ_R RES[ $9 ] OP1[ UNUSED ] OP2[ '_array' ] 13 SEND_VAR OP1[ $9 ] 14 DO_FCALL OP1[ 'count' ] 15 ZEND_ASSIGN_OBJ OP1[ UNUSED ] OP2[ '_arraySize' ] 16 ZEND_OP_DATA RES[ UNUSED ] OP1[ $10 ] OP2[ UNUSED ] 6 17 RETURN OP1[ 1 ] 18* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION
- 40. How to optimize? Be efficient: Optimize tight loops, one line functions
- 41. Highly covered source code (profile your app) Use tools Vulcan Logic Dumper (pecl vld)
- 42. Xdebug / Zend Debug – Profilers
- 43. Other ways Use built-in functions (except array_* and in_array)
- 44. Use Opcode Caching : APC, eAccelerator, XCache, Zend Server, …
- 45. Use data Caching : Memcached, …
- 47. Access your data by batches
- 49. Use other implementations : Facebook's HipHop, phc, Quercus, RoadSend PHP
- 50. Questions? Thanks for listening