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Over/Under Voltage Protection Circuit

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MuhammadFazilMemon

The Over and Under Voltage protection circuit can protect electrical appliance from in the condition of power surges. The project theme was to design an economical and efficient power protection circuit that could be capable of safely isolating the power of machine incase of power surges in mains.

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Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology BACHELORS OF ENGINEERING (ELECTRICAL) Fall -2019 Project Presentation for Over/Under Voltage Protection Circuit GROUP MEMBERS: MUHAMMAD FAZIL MEMON SHAHBAZ AHMED RAZAULLAH
CONTENTS Abstract Introduction Design Cost Methodology Results Applications Conclusions References
ABSTRACT The Over and Under Voltage protection circuit can protect electrical appliance from in the condition of power surges. The project theme was to design an economical and efficient power protection circuit that could be capable of safely isolating the power of machine incase of power surges in mains. This circuit is prototype circuit can be widely used for industrial and household machines and appliances, by making small changes in component’s specification
INTRODUCTION Today World’s strategic economical structure is majorly based on electrical technology. Modern Science has a vast area of research in the field of electrical based technologies In The field of research and development, the safety of electrical appliance has always been a primary goal Similarly the project team with the guidance of their respected teachers has developed an idea of protecting electrical appliance from most commonly occurring problem of surging of mains The Team has prepared a prototype circuit having dual protection against surge The circuit is responsible to cut off the main incoming supply incase the voltage level has reached to its predefined high or low set limits. The circuit stands fully functional in low voltage ranges, hence can be used for experimental / analytical purpose for the coming batches of Indus university.
Sr.NO Component Quantity Specification Cost (PKR) 1 Transformer 1 220-12Vac 500ma 180 2 Diode 4 1N4004 20 3 Capacitor 1 100uf 25V 10 4 Resistor 3 10K 10 5 Variable Resistor 2 10K 80 6 Zener Diode 2 1N4728A 30 7 Bipolar Junction Transistor 2 NPN BC 547 40 8 Push Switch 1 SPST 30 9 SPDT Relay 1 12vDC 400Ohms 50 10 Others Box Fabrication, transport etc. 500 CIRCUIT DESIGN
CIRCUIT DESIGN
METHODOLOGY As shown in the circuit diagram, a couple of transistor stages are integrated together along with an output relay, which is able to perform the function of super safe voltage guard equipment. As explained above the transistors sense the presence of the dangerous voltage levels respectively and activate the relay to protect the connected appliance from drastic situations. The cut OFF supply will be immediately restored back once the voltage returns to a safe level or reset switch has been pressed.
The circuits described below are pretty simple in design and may be easily built over a small piece of a general purpose PCB or veroboard.  On receiving the supply voltage the circuit will operate by energizing T2 and the relay.  The relay contacts will get latched so that the entire circuit now receives the supply voltage through its N/O contacts and the push button may be simply released. METHODOLOGY
 As long as the supply voltage is within the normal range, the circuit remains latched and the output appliance is safely powered.  Now, if the voltage increases to an undesirable extent, T1 will conduct, bringing the base voltage of T2 to ground and thus deactivating T2 and the relay. METHODOLOGY
Once the relay contacts are dislodged, the supply to the appliance as well as the whole system is broken. The circuit will remain unlatched until two conditions are met viz. i. The push button is pressed and ii. The voltage is restored to its normal position. The same will happen during the unsafe low voltages. METHODOLOGY
RESULT The result of this project is brought up of a very useful voltage protection circuit , which is easy to design and implement on industrial or household levels. The circuit design is very simple using common electrical components available components, like transistor, resistors etc. which are easy access from local markets.
APPLICATION The over/under voltage protection is very important for electrical appliance in every aspect of industrial, commercial or household field. Some examples of the circuits with similar concept of operations are being used as of following 1. In K Electric Grid control system, to protect power feeders over voltages 2. In Natural Gas Processing Plants To Protect Heavy Motors used for pumping amine solution 3. In Central HVAC System, to protect compressors from low voltages
CONCLUSION The Over/Under voltage protection circuit stands very useful in electrical technological equipments. And this safety can be achieved by using basic electrical/electronic components. Continuous research and development on this subject can increase circuit’s efficiency and durability for the betterment of human being
REFRENCES  www.electronchub.org  www.brighthubengineering.com  www.electronicproject.org  www.homemade-circuits.com  www.youtube.com/electronicsnmore

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Over/Under Voltage Protection Circuit

  • 1. Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology BACHELORS OF ENGINEERING (ELECTRICAL) Fall -2019 Project Presentation for Over/Under Voltage Protection Circuit GROUP MEMBERS: MUHAMMAD FAZIL MEMON SHAHBAZ AHMED RAZAULLAH
  • 3. ABSTRACT The Over and Under Voltage protection circuit can protect electrical appliance from in the condition of power surges. The project theme was to design an economical and efficient power protection circuit that could be capable of safely isolating the power of machine incase of power surges in mains. This circuit is prototype circuit can be widely used for industrial and household machines and appliances, by making small changes in component’s specification
  • 4. INTRODUCTION Today World’s strategic economical structure is majorly based on electrical technology. Modern Science has a vast area of research in the field of electrical based technologies In The field of research and development, the safety of electrical appliance has always been a primary goal Similarly the project team with the guidance of their respected teachers has developed an idea of protecting electrical appliance from most commonly occurring problem of surging of mains The Team has prepared a prototype circuit having dual protection against surge The circuit is responsible to cut off the main incoming supply incase the voltage level has reached to its predefined high or low set limits. The circuit stands fully functional in low voltage ranges, hence can be used for experimental / analytical purpose for the coming batches of Indus university.
  • 5. Sr.NO Component Quantity Specification Cost (PKR) 1 Transformer 1 220-12Vac 500ma 180 2 Diode 4 1N4004 20 3 Capacitor 1 100uf 25V 10 4 Resistor 3 10K 10 5 Variable Resistor 2 10K 80 6 Zener Diode 2 1N4728A 30 7 Bipolar Junction Transistor 2 NPN BC 547 40 8 Push Switch 1 SPST 30 9 SPDT Relay 1 12vDC 400Ohms 50 10 Others Box Fabrication, transport etc. 500 CIRCUIT DESIGN
  • 7. METHODOLOGY As shown in the circuit diagram, a couple of transistor stages are integrated together along with an output relay, which is able to perform the function of super safe voltage guard equipment. As explained above the transistors sense the presence of the dangerous voltage levels respectively and activate the relay to protect the connected appliance from drastic situations. The cut OFF supply will be immediately restored back once the voltage returns to a safe level or reset switch has been pressed.
  • 8. The circuits described below are pretty simple in design and may be easily built over a small piece of a general purpose PCB or veroboard.  On receiving the supply voltage the circuit will operate by energizing T2 and the relay.  The relay contacts will get latched so that the entire circuit now receives the supply voltage through its N/O contacts and the push button may be simply released. METHODOLOGY
  • 9.  As long as the supply voltage is within the normal range, the circuit remains latched and the output appliance is safely powered.  Now, if the voltage increases to an undesirable extent, T1 will conduct, bringing the base voltage of T2 to ground and thus deactivating T2 and the relay. METHODOLOGY
  • 10. Once the relay contacts are dislodged, the supply to the appliance as well as the whole system is broken. The circuit will remain unlatched until two conditions are met viz. i. The push button is pressed and ii. The voltage is restored to its normal position. The same will happen during the unsafe low voltages. METHODOLOGY
  • 11. RESULT The result of this project is brought up of a very useful voltage protection circuit , which is easy to design and implement on industrial or household levels. The circuit design is very simple using common electrical components available components, like transistor, resistors etc. which are easy access from local markets.
  • 12. APPLICATION The over/under voltage protection is very important for electrical appliance in every aspect of industrial, commercial or household field. Some examples of the circuits with similar concept of operations are being used as of following 1. In K Electric Grid control system, to protect power feeders over voltages 2. In Natural Gas Processing Plants To Protect Heavy Motors used for pumping amine solution 3. In Central HVAC System, to protect compressors from low voltages
  • 13. CONCLUSION The Over/Under voltage protection circuit stands very useful in electrical technological equipments. And this safety can be achieved by using basic electrical/electronic components. Continuous research and development on this subject can increase circuit’s efficiency and durability for the betterment of human being
  • 14. REFRENCES  www.electronchub.org  www.brighthubengineering.com  www.electronicproject.org  www.homemade-circuits.com  www.youtube.com/electronicsnmore