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Operating System Components.pptx

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The document discusses 8 types of operating systems: batch, multiprogramming, multiprocessing, multitasking, network, real-time, time-sharing, and distributed. Batch operating systems execute jobs sequentially without user interaction. Multiprogramming improves CPU utilization. Multiprocessing uses multiple CPUs to improve throughput. Multitasking allows running multiple programs simultaneously. Network OS facilitates communication over networks. Real-time OS ensure tasks are completed by deadlines. Time-sharing OS provide resources to multiple users simultaneously. Distributed OS separate OS across multiple machines.

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Types of Operating System Prepared by P.Kavitha MCA., M.Phil., NET., Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Applications-PG School of Computing Sciences VISTAS.
Types of Operating System There are basically eight types of Operating System
Batch Operating System • Batch processing was quite popular in the 1970s. Similar types of jobs have been batched together and completed on time using this method. People were very much accustomed to utilising a single computer, known as a mainframe. • The system places all of the jobs in a queue, first come, first served, and then executes them one at a time. When all of the jobs are completed, the users receive their respective outputs. • The fundamental goal of this Operating System was to transfer the control from one of the jobs to another as soon as it was finished.
Batch Operating System • Pros of Batch OS • The usage of a resident monitor helps in increasing the computer efficiency by reducing the time the CPU spent switching between two tasks. • Cons of Batch OS • Not Interactive: Batch Processing is not appropriate for jobs that rely on user input. Because the user is not present at the time of execution, a job that demands the input of two numbers from the console will never obtain it in the batch processing scenario. • Starvation: The batch processing suffers from a lack of resources. • Consider the following scenario:
Multiprogramming Operating System • Multiprogramming is a variation of batch processing in which the CPU is kept busy at all times. CPU time and IO time are two forms of system time required by each process. • When a process completes its I/O in a multiprogramming environment, the CPU can begin the execution of other processes • multiprogramming helps in improving the system’s efficiency.
Multiprogramming Operating System Pros of Multiprogramming OS It increases the job throughput of the system since the CPU continually runs one program. It is also possible to shorten response times since the resources are used pretty smartly. Cons of Multiprogramming OS Multiprogramming systems create an environment in which multiple system resources are efficiently utilised, but they do not allow for any user interaction with the computer.
Multiprocessing Operating System • Multiprocessing helps in performing parallel computing. • There are several processors in a system, each of which can run multiple processes at the same time. • The system’s throughput will be significantly increased as a result of this.
Multiprocessing Operating System • Parallel computing is performed by multiprocessing. The presence of more than one processor in the system allows it to run multiple processes at the same time, increasing the system’s throughput.
Multiprocessing Operating System • Pros of Multiprocessing OS • Increased reliability: Processing tasks can be spread among numerous processors in the multiprocessing system. This promotes reliability because if one processor fails, the task can be passed on to another. • Increased throughout: More work could be done in less time as the number of processors increases. • The economy of scale: Multiprocessor systems are less expensive than single-processor computers because they share peripherals, additional storage devices, and power sources. • Cons of Multiprocessing OS • Multiprocessing operating systems are more complex and advanced since they manage many CPUs at the same time.
Multiprocessing Operating System Symmetrical Each processor in a symmetrical multiprocessing system runs the same copy of the OS, makes its own decisions, and collaborates with other processes to keep the system running smoothly. • Characteristics • Any processor in this system can run any process or job. • Any CPU can start an Input and Output operation in this way. • Pros • These are fault-tolerant systems. A few processors failing does not bring the whole system to a standstill. • Cons • It is quite difficult to rationally balance the workload among processors. • For handling many processors, specialised synchronisation algorithms are required.
Multiprocessing Operating System • Asymmetric • The processors in an asymmetric system have a master-slave relationship. In addition, one processor may serve as a master or supervisor processor,
Multitasking Operating System • The multitasking OS refers to a logical extension of the multiprogramming Operating System, which allows users to run many programs at the same time. • It enables a user to complete multiple computer tasks at the same time. Pros of Multitasking OS • This Operating System is better adapted to handling several users at the same time. Memory management is well-defined in multitasking Operating Systems. Cons of Multitasking OS • In a multitasking environment, numerous processors are busy at the same time to finish any task; therefore, the CPU generates more heat.
Network Operating System
Network Operating System • A Network OS is a type of Operating System that incorporates software and protocols for communicating with other computers over a network in a convenient and cost-effective manner. • Pros of Network OS • Because clients and servers are separated in this Operating System, network traffic is reduced. Setting up and maintaining this type of system is less expensive. • Cons of Network OS • The failure of a node in a system impacts the entire system in this form of the Operating System. Security and performance are critical considerations; as a result, network administration requires qualified network administrators.
Real-Time Operating System • In this type of system, each job has a deadline by which it must be completed; otherwise, there will be a significant loss, or even if the output is provided, it will be utterly useless. For example, in military applications, if you wish to drop a missile, the missile must be dropped with a specific degree of precision.
Real-Time Operating System • Pros of Real-Time OS • Under the real-time OS, it’s simple to design, create, and run real-time applications. The maximum use of devices and systems is possible with a real-time Operating System. • Cons of Real-Time OS • The development of real-time Operating Systems is extremely expensive. Real-time Operating Systems are quite complex and can eat up a lot of CPU time.
Time-Sharing Operating System • The Time-Sharing OS provides computer resources to numerous programs at the same time in a time-dependent manner. • As a result, it aids in providing direct access to the main computer to a large number of users. It’s a natural progression from multiprogramming. The CPU is swapped between numerous programs provided by the different users in time-sharing on a scheduled basis.
Time-Sharing Operating System • Because a time-sharing OS allows multiple users to be served at the same time, it necessitates sophisticated CPU scheduling algorithms and input/output management. Building time-sharing Operating Systems are complex and expensive. • Pros of Time-Sharing OS • The time-sharing OS allows for efficient resource use and sharing. The CPU idle time and response time are reduced using this technology. • Cons of Time-Sharing OS • In comparison to other technologies, data transmission rates are extremely high. • As numerous users access a system at the same time, the security and integrity of user programs loaded in memory and data must be maintained.
Distributed Operating System • The Distributed OS is separated into sections and loaded on different machines rather than being placed on a single machine. • Each machine has a piece of the distributed OS installed to allow them to communicate. • Because they must deal with a variety of networking protocols, distributed Operating Systems are far more sophisticated, massive, and complex than network Operating Systems.
Distributed Operating System • Pros of Distributed OS • The distributed OS allows resources to be shared. This system is designed to be fault-tolerant. • Cons of Distributed OS • The cost of computing can be dominated by protocol overhead.

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Operating System Components.pptx

  • 1. Types of Operating System Prepared by P.Kavitha MCA., M.Phil., NET., Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Applications-PG School of Computing Sciences VISTAS.
  • 2. Types of Operating System There are basically eight types of Operating System
  • 3. Batch Operating System • Batch processing was quite popular in the 1970s. Similar types of jobs have been batched together and completed on time using this method. People were very much accustomed to utilising a single computer, known as a mainframe. • The system places all of the jobs in a queue, first come, first served, and then executes them one at a time. When all of the jobs are completed, the users receive their respective outputs. • The fundamental goal of this Operating System was to transfer the control from one of the jobs to another as soon as it was finished.
  • 4. Batch Operating System • Pros of Batch OS • The usage of a resident monitor helps in increasing the computer efficiency by reducing the time the CPU spent switching between two tasks. • Cons of Batch OS • Not Interactive: Batch Processing is not appropriate for jobs that rely on user input. Because the user is not present at the time of execution, a job that demands the input of two numbers from the console will never obtain it in the batch processing scenario. • Starvation: The batch processing suffers from a lack of resources. • Consider the following scenario:
  • 5. Multiprogramming Operating System • Multiprogramming is a variation of batch processing in which the CPU is kept busy at all times. CPU time and IO time are two forms of system time required by each process. • When a process completes its I/O in a multiprogramming environment, the CPU can begin the execution of other processes • multiprogramming helps in improving the system’s efficiency.
  • 6. Multiprogramming Operating System Pros of Multiprogramming OS It increases the job throughput of the system since the CPU continually runs one program. It is also possible to shorten response times since the resources are used pretty smartly. Cons of Multiprogramming OS Multiprogramming systems create an environment in which multiple system resources are efficiently utilised, but they do not allow for any user interaction with the computer.
  • 7. Multiprocessing Operating System • Multiprocessing helps in performing parallel computing. • There are several processors in a system, each of which can run multiple processes at the same time. • The system’s throughput will be significantly increased as a result of this.
  • 8. Multiprocessing Operating System • Parallel computing is performed by multiprocessing. The presence of more than one processor in the system allows it to run multiple processes at the same time, increasing the system’s throughput.
  • 9. Multiprocessing Operating System • Pros of Multiprocessing OS • Increased reliability: Processing tasks can be spread among numerous processors in the multiprocessing system. This promotes reliability because if one processor fails, the task can be passed on to another. • Increased throughout: More work could be done in less time as the number of processors increases. • The economy of scale: Multiprocessor systems are less expensive than single-processor computers because they share peripherals, additional storage devices, and power sources. • Cons of Multiprocessing OS • Multiprocessing operating systems are more complex and advanced since they manage many CPUs at the same time.
  • 10. Multiprocessing Operating System Symmetrical Each processor in a symmetrical multiprocessing system runs the same copy of the OS, makes its own decisions, and collaborates with other processes to keep the system running smoothly. • Characteristics • Any processor in this system can run any process or job. • Any CPU can start an Input and Output operation in this way. • Pros • These are fault-tolerant systems. A few processors failing does not bring the whole system to a standstill. • Cons • It is quite difficult to rationally balance the workload among processors. • For handling many processors, specialised synchronisation algorithms are required.
  • 11. Multiprocessing Operating System • Asymmetric • The processors in an asymmetric system have a master-slave relationship. In addition, one processor may serve as a master or supervisor processor,
  • 12. Multitasking Operating System • The multitasking OS refers to a logical extension of the multiprogramming Operating System, which allows users to run many programs at the same time. • It enables a user to complete multiple computer tasks at the same time. Pros of Multitasking OS • This Operating System is better adapted to handling several users at the same time. Memory management is well-defined in multitasking Operating Systems. Cons of Multitasking OS • In a multitasking environment, numerous processors are busy at the same time to finish any task; therefore, the CPU generates more heat.
  • 14. Network Operating System • A Network OS is a type of Operating System that incorporates software and protocols for communicating with other computers over a network in a convenient and cost-effective manner. • Pros of Network OS • Because clients and servers are separated in this Operating System, network traffic is reduced. Setting up and maintaining this type of system is less expensive. • Cons of Network OS • The failure of a node in a system impacts the entire system in this form of the Operating System. Security and performance are critical considerations; as a result, network administration requires qualified network administrators.
  • 15. Real-Time Operating System • In this type of system, each job has a deadline by which it must be completed; otherwise, there will be a significant loss, or even if the output is provided, it will be utterly useless. For example, in military applications, if you wish to drop a missile, the missile must be dropped with a specific degree of precision.
  • 16. Real-Time Operating System • Pros of Real-Time OS • Under the real-time OS, it’s simple to design, create, and run real-time applications. The maximum use of devices and systems is possible with a real-time Operating System. • Cons of Real-Time OS • The development of real-time Operating Systems is extremely expensive. Real-time Operating Systems are quite complex and can eat up a lot of CPU time.
  • 17. Time-Sharing Operating System • The Time-Sharing OS provides computer resources to numerous programs at the same time in a time-dependent manner. • As a result, it aids in providing direct access to the main computer to a large number of users. It’s a natural progression from multiprogramming. The CPU is swapped between numerous programs provided by the different users in time-sharing on a scheduled basis.
  • 18. Time-Sharing Operating System • Because a time-sharing OS allows multiple users to be served at the same time, it necessitates sophisticated CPU scheduling algorithms and input/output management. Building time-sharing Operating Systems are complex and expensive. • Pros of Time-Sharing OS • The time-sharing OS allows for efficient resource use and sharing. The CPU idle time and response time are reduced using this technology. • Cons of Time-Sharing OS • In comparison to other technologies, data transmission rates are extremely high. • As numerous users access a system at the same time, the security and integrity of user programs loaded in memory and data must be maintained.
  • 19. Distributed Operating System • The Distributed OS is separated into sections and loaded on different machines rather than being placed on a single machine. • Each machine has a piece of the distributed OS installed to allow them to communicate. • Because they must deal with a variety of networking protocols, distributed Operating Systems are far more sophisticated, massive, and complex than network Operating Systems.
  • 20. Distributed Operating System • Pros of Distributed OS • The distributed OS allows resources to be shared. This system is designed to be fault-tolerant. • Cons of Distributed OS • The cost of computing can be dominated by protocol overhead.