Online spying tools

COMPUTER SECURITY:
Computer Security is the protection of computing system & the
data that they store access.
 IMPORTANCE:
1. Computer security supporting critical business process,
2. Computer security protecting personal and sensitive information
3. Computer security enabling people to carry out their jobs ,
education & research

 A threat is anything that can cause harm. In
the context of computer security, a threat can
be a burglar, virus, an earth quake, or a
simple user error
 EXAMPLES:
The threats you face :
VIRUSES:
1. Damage worth f1.8bn in 12 days on the
internet in 2003.

 VIRUS BACK DOOR:
1. Hidden after effects with potentially impact

 DEF:
It is defined as injuries
,suffering, disability or death.
EXAMPLE:
There is probably no threats
flooding . If u don’t use anti-
virus software ,however there is
a very good chance that your
computer will become infected

 A countermeasure is any step you take to
ward off a threat to protect yourself, your
data , or computer from harm.
CLASSES:
1. The first shield the user from personal harm
, such as threats to personal property
2. The second safeguard protects the
computer system from physical hazards
such as power problems

 Computer use can cause physical injuries to
the user.
 Prolonged mouse & keyboard use, staring at
a monitor for too long, & poor seating
condition are the primary causes of such
injuries.

 In this topic we will discuss about the threats
which user face.
These are:
 IDENTITY THEFT
 LOSS OF PRIVACY
 PUBLIC RECORDS ON THE INTERNET

 The fraudulent practice of using
another persons name & personal
information in order to obtain its
personal documents or credits etc.
e.g.
 With the right information an identity
thief can virtually become the victim,
obtaining a drivers license , bank
accounts & other items in the
victims name.

 Identity thieves can use several methods
low-tech as well as high-tech to obtain the
information they need.
1. Shoulder Surfing
2. Snagging
3. Dumpster Diving
4. Social Engineering

EXAMPLE:
Someone might shoulder surf when
you are
Entering your computer password ,
ATM pin
Or credit card number.
Criminals often use this technique to
gain access to your personal
accounts or to read personal
information , such as e-mails .

 To prevent shoulder surfing ,experts
recommend that you shield your paper work
and your keyboard from view of others while
filling some type of form or typing your PIN
or passwords.

 In general, dumpster diving
involves searching through trash
or garbage looking for
something useful.
 In IT world , DUMPSTER
DIVING is a security attack
which involves going through
materials or files that have been
thrown into the RECYCLE BIN.

Information stolen
by thieves :
Possible issues
resulting from
stolen info- :
Dumpster diving
stats:
•Identity theft •Americans receive
over 4 million tons of
junk mail each year.
•Street address •Loan fraud
•Phone number •Benefits fraud •Identity theft victims
claim that 88% of
the stolen
information thieves
obtained by D.D
•Email address •Employment related
fraud
•Bank account •Bank fraud

 -Never discard documents containing
information such as a Social Security number,
driver's license number, or bank account
number into a public trash bin.
 • -Always shred important
documents you choose to discard.
 • -Thoroughly cut up all old credit
and debit cards so that the information is not
legible .

 DEF:
 An art of deceiving
people.
 It is an effective
technique which thief
uses to obtain someone’s
personal information
under the pretext of
something legitimate.

 EXAMPLE:
Claim to be a system administrator at the
website of the victims bank ; and ask for the
victim’s user ID and password for a system
check.
With this information thief can go online and
access the victim’s account information
directly through bank website.

Privacy can be lost through
many ways .
like
Whenever you use “store loyalty
” card to buy groceries , the
purchases are logged in
database.
As it is your medical ,financial
and credit records are
available to anybody who
authorize to view them.

e.g.
 Many insurance companies maintain data
bases filled with info- about you . You might
expect these firms to know your name &
address , but you might be surprised to know
that , they know how many times each month
you put gas in your car or buy a magazine .
A lot of companies do not keep this info-
confidential , they may sell it to other companies
who are interested in knowing about you.

 Your personal info- is available to anybody
who has the few dollars to buy it from
commercial public record services .
 Some companies will give you detailed
reports about most people .
 These reports include info- such as :
 Background information
 Criminal records etc

 It includes marriage, divorce ,adoption ,
driving , credit history & bankruptcies records
.
AND along with many other legal records , are
available to anybody who wants to view them.
There are no. of companies that collect public
records , package them and sell them to
anyone who wishes to purchase.

 Criminal records include:
 federal crimes(like bank fraud , bribery ,
hacking etc)
 Felony crimes(like robbery , escaping from
prison , murder , kidnapping etc )
 Misdemeanor crimes(like vandalism ,
trespassing , petty theft etc)
ETC. These type of records are available on
internet. Any one can buy this information
through commercial public record sources.

 Software developers
have created many ways
to track your activities
online.
 These tools were created
for benign purposes, now
they are also being used
in ways most consumers
do not appreciate

1. COOKIES
2. WEB BUGS
3. SPYWARE
4. SPAM

 It is a small text file that a web server asks your
browser to place on your computer.
 It contains info- that identifies your computer

e.g.
 your IP Address
 Your User name or E-mail address & info-
about your visit to the web site.
 Your last time visit to site , which pages you
visit, which downlaod & how long you were
at the site.

 Each browser has its own set of cookies .
 Each website can read only its own cookies .
 Size=4096 bytes or 4KB .
 20 cookies per site , allow by browser .
 Per browser allow 300 cookies , if more
cookies are created an old cookie will be
deleted .

 When it created an expiry time is also
provided :
1. Deleted if the expiry time has passed .
2. Depend on server .
3. If no time is given, cookies are deleted as
the browser window is closed .
4. Depend on user .

 Despite their helpful purposes there are
threats to privacy .
 They can be used to store & report
many types of information & these info-
can be used against your wishes.

e.g.
 The cookies maker might use the cookie to
determine what kind of advertisement will
appear on your screen the next time you visit
web site
 All the info- that cookie stores can be used
against your wishes.
 Your PC may be storing hundreds or
thousands of cookies , many of them you
don’t want to keep them on your system,

FOLLOWING TOOLS
1. REAL CLEAR COOKIES
2. SUPER CLEAR COOKIES

 A small GIF-format
(graphics interchange
format) image file that can
be embedded in a Web
page.
 A web bug can be as
small as a single pixel that
can be easily hidden.

• A web bug is an object
embedded in a web page or
email, which ,(usually invisibly)
allows checking that a user has
accessed the content
• Behind the tiny image ,however
the lies code that allowing the
bug’s creator to track many of
your online activities.
• It can record pages you view,
keyword, personal info- & other
data.

 A number of anti-web
bugs now exist. To
remove anti web-
bugs , one of the
following is :
1. HOPE ANTI
ROOTKIT
HIJACKERS WEB
BUG

 Internet advertising is a
common source of spyware.
 It is used to refer to many
different kinds of software that
can track a computer user’s
activities & report them to the
someone else.

 e.g.
 You install and register a program it may ask
u to fill out a form. These info- sends to the
developer, who stores it in database.
 In this manner they are seen as perfectly
because the user is aware about this
information.

 More commonly, spyware is
installed on a computer without
user’s knowledge & collects the
info-.
 It can land on your pc from Web-
pages , E-mail messages.
 Spyware can track virtually
anything you do & secretly report
these activities to someone else.

 To secure your PC from spyware , spyware-
killing products are following:
1. SPYWARE TERMINATOR
2. COUNTER SPY
3. MALWARE BYTES

 The availability of your private info- might be
troubling , the consequence for the most
users is called spam or (Internet “JUNK
MAIL”).
 The correct term for spam is unsolicited
commercial E-mail(UCE) .
 UCE: is a legal term used to describe an
electronic promotional message sent to
consumer without the request or consent.

 People who sent out these endless streams
of spam , (spammers) get e-mail addresses
in following ways :
1. Purchasing e-mail address from brokers .
2. “Harvesting” e-mail address from Internet.
3. Generating random strings of characters in
an attempt to match legitimate address.

1. SPAM FIGHTER
2. CA ANTI SPAM SOFTWARE
3. CLOUD MARK DESKTOP

 Threats to your computer’s hardware
involves incidents that have an effect on the
operation or maintenance of the computer

 It affect computer in two
ways:-
1. Power fluctuations , when
the strength of your
electrical service rises or
falls , can cause
component failures
2. Power failure , when
power is lost altogether ,
cause systems to shut
down.

 YOU CAN EQUIP YOUR SYSTEM WITH
ONE OF THE FOLLOWING DEVICES:
 Protect against voltage spikes, these
inexpensive plugs can be bought in most
hardware stores.
 Protect additional functions . They are
safeguard against line noise .

 They are essentially a
battery backup for your
computer .
 Protect system from
electrical events including
a total loss of power .

 A vandal can do
tremendous damage to a
computer , resulting in total
loss of the system & the
data it stores .
 Special locks are available
that can attach a system
unit , monitor , or other
equipment to a desk ,
making it very difficult to
move

 Disaster planning addresses natural &
man-made disasters . It is not called
“disaster prevention” because things
like earth-quakes & hurricanes are
hard to predict & impossible to prevent.

1. Be aware that a disaster could strike &
anticipate .
 when conditions are right ;
e.g.
 If you live on the East Coast of the United
States , you know when to anticipate a
hurricane .

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