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of Pixels and Bits

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Shawn Calvert
Shawn Calvert

The document discusses key design elements including line, shape, texture, space, size, and value (and color). It provides definitions and examples for each element. Line can organize or divide elements using rules. Shape refers to external outlines like circles, squares, and triangles. Texture adds richness through visual or pattern texture. Space includes white space or negative space between elements. Size relates to scale and relationships between objects. Value adds dimension through lightness and darkness, and color can further enhance mood.

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22-3530 - 01 PHOTO COMMUNICATIONS of pixels and bits
Measuring pixels
VECTOR IMAGES Based on points & paths, numerical Resolution independent
RASTER IMAGES (bitmap) A mosaic of pixels (picture elements) Resolution dependent
1132 pixels 1430 pixels Raster = Resolution Dependent Each raster image is made of a speci c number of pixels (pixel dimensions)
IMAGE DETAIL Every time you capture a digital image, you create a speci c number of pixels. Image detail is translated into differences between pixels that the camera registers at the time of capture. Increasing resolution degrades the true detail from the capture with a ‘best guess’ (interpolation).
VIEW PERCENTAGE 1430 x 1132 1024 x 768
View percentage at 100%
View percentage at 60%
BIT DEPTH Every raster image contains a certain number of pixels. Every pixel contains a certain number of bits (ones or zeroes). The number of bits contained in each pixel is called the image’s bit depth. for example, If you are working with an 8-bit grayscale image, each pixel contains 8 zeroes or ones. 2 = 01010101 = 256 8
8 BIT vs (12 vs) 16 BIT
BIT DEPTH AND FILE SIZE File size is directly connected to the number of bits contained in an image. For example, 8 bits = a byte If an 8-bit grayscale image has a pixel dimension of: 1430 x 1132 = 1618760 pixels 1618760 divided by 1024 (a kilobyte) = 1580.82 1580 divided by 1024 (a megabyte) = 1.54 1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes 1 megabyte = 1024 kilobytes
IMAGE SIZE WINDOW Three different ways of describing image size: 1. Image size 2. Pixel dimensions (count) 3. Document size: how the pixels are distributed in the “real world,” i.e., your printer
Tone
LEVELS Hi-contrast Lo-contrast
HISTOGRAMS EVERYWHERE
TONAL KEY Tonal character can be de ned in terms of light, dark, or average, or use the terms high, low, and medium key. high key medium key low key
of Pixels and Bits
of Pixels and Bits
of Pixels and Bits
of Pixels and Bits
of Pixels and Bits
DESTRUCTIVE EDITS All tonal edits “damage” the le to some extent. Extreme edits to tone using levels or curves can leave large tonal ranges completely empty. These gaps in the histogram create what is called banding or posterization.
of Pixels and Bits
NON-DESTRUCTIVE EDITS Using adjustment layers allows you to make tonal adjustments without permanently deleting capture data.
SHADOW AND HIGHLIGHT Be sure to always keep an eye on maintaining shadow and highlight detail when making tonal edits.
for lm: Expose for the shadows and develop for highlights for digital: Expose for highlights (most of the time)
BLOWN OUT HIGHLIGHTS
PLUGGED SHADOWS
CURVES Curves allows you to focus your corrections more accurately within the histogram than Levels.
BRIGHTNESS/CONTRAST ADJUSTMENTS
SHADOW & HIGHLIGHT TOOL
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Pixel quality control
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SHOOTING ASSIGNMENT #2 Finding design patterns
Line Shape Texture Space Size Value
LINE Lines can organize, direct, separate, be expressive, suggest emotion, or create rhythm. They can join elements or divide them using a rule, which is a line that separates one element in a design from another.
SHAPE The external outline of a form or anything that has height and width. An example would be the three basic shapes: the circle, the square, and the triangle, considered to be the fundamental shapes found in all design.
TEXTURE The look and feel of a surface. In two-dimensional form, texture is essentially visual and adds richness and dimension to work. Texture can also refer to pattern, which is visual texture.
SPACE Refers to the distance between shapes and forms, but it is best understood in design as white space or negative space—terms used to refer to the empty but often active areas that are void of visual elements.
SIZE How big or small something is in scale to other objects. Scale refers to the process of making size relationships. unless there is a scale of reference within a design, it is impossible to discern the relative scale of objects and the meaning they represent.
VALUE (& COLOR) The relative lightness or darkness of an area or object. Value adds dimension by creating the illusion of depth in a design. With the addition of a color, you can create and convey a mood to enhance a strong concept.
of Pixels and Bits

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of Pixels and Bits

  • 1. 22-3530 - 01 PHOTO COMMUNICATIONS of pixels and bits
  • 3. VECTOR IMAGES Based on points & paths, numerical Resolution independent
  • 4. RASTER IMAGES (bitmap) A mosaic of pixels (picture elements) Resolution dependent
  • 5. 1132 pixels 1430 pixels Raster = Resolution Dependent Each raster image is made of a speci c number of pixels (pixel dimensions)
  • 6. IMAGE DETAIL Every time you capture a digital image, you create a speci c number of pixels. Image detail is translated into differences between pixels that the camera registers at the time of capture. Increasing resolution degrades the true detail from the capture with a ‘best guess’ (interpolation).
  • 7. VIEW PERCENTAGE 1430 x 1132 1024 x 768
  • 10. BIT DEPTH Every raster image contains a certain number of pixels. Every pixel contains a certain number of bits (ones or zeroes). The number of bits contained in each pixel is called the image’s bit depth. for example, If you are working with an 8-bit grayscale image, each pixel contains 8 zeroes or ones. 2 = 01010101 = 256 8
  • 11. 8 BIT vs (12 vs) 16 BIT
  • 12. BIT DEPTH AND FILE SIZE File size is directly connected to the number of bits contained in an image. For example, 8 bits = a byte If an 8-bit grayscale image has a pixel dimension of: 1430 x 1132 = 1618760 pixels 1618760 divided by 1024 (a kilobyte) = 1580.82 1580 divided by 1024 (a megabyte) = 1.54 1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes 1 megabyte = 1024 kilobytes
  • 13. IMAGE SIZE WINDOW Three different ways of describing image size: 1. Image size 2. Pixel dimensions (count) 3. Document size: how the pixels are distributed in the “real world,” i.e., your printer
  • 14. Tone
  • 15. LEVELS Hi-contrast Lo-contrast
  • 17. TONAL KEY Tonal character can be de ned in terms of light, dark, or average, or use the terms high, low, and medium key. high key medium key low key
  • 23. DESTRUCTIVE EDITS All tonal edits “damage” the le to some extent. Extreme edits to tone using levels or curves can leave large tonal ranges completely empty. These gaps in the histogram create what is called banding or posterization.
  • 25. NON-DESTRUCTIVE EDITS Using adjustment layers allows you to make tonal adjustments without permanently deleting capture data.
  • 26. SHADOW AND HIGHLIGHT Be sure to always keep an eye on maintaining shadow and highlight detail when making tonal edits.
  • 27. for lm: Expose for the shadows and develop for highlights for digital: Expose for highlights (most of the time)
  • 30. CURVES Curves allows you to focus your corrections more accurately within the histogram than Levels.
  • 43. LINE Lines can organize, direct, separate, be expressive, suggest emotion, or create rhythm. They can join elements or divide them using a rule, which is a line that separates one element in a design from another.
  • 44. SHAPE The external outline of a form or anything that has height and width. An example would be the three basic shapes: the circle, the square, and the triangle, considered to be the fundamental shapes found in all design.
  • 45. TEXTURE The look and feel of a surface. In two-dimensional form, texture is essentially visual and adds richness and dimension to work. Texture can also refer to pattern, which is visual texture.
  • 46. SPACE Refers to the distance between shapes and forms, but it is best understood in design as white space or negative space—terms used to refer to the empty but often active areas that are void of visual elements.
  • 47. SIZE How big or small something is in scale to other objects. Scale refers to the process of making size relationships. unless there is a scale of reference within a design, it is impossible to discern the relative scale of objects and the meaning they represent.
  • 48. VALUE (& COLOR) The relative lightness or darkness of an area or object. Value adds dimension by creating the illusion of depth in a design. With the addition of a color, you can create and convey a mood to enhance a strong concept.