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MongoDB

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MongoDB is a non-relational database that uses a document-based data model. It is an alternative to traditional relational databases and is optimized for storing large amounts of unstructured and semi-structured data. MongoDB does not require a predefined schema and allows flexible, dynamic queries against documents using JavaScript. While relational databases are better suited for transactions, MongoDB is designed for horizontal scalability, faster queries, and flexible data modeling.

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MongoDB Part I
What is "NoSQL"? Complement, not replace, traditional relational databases Different ways to store large quantities of denormalized data Key/Value = Redis, Riak Tabular / "Big Table" = HBase, Cassandra Document = MongoDB, CouchDB No schema Map/Reduce Easy scalability
RDMS is just fine YES! When you must guarantee transactional/ACID behavior When you must have strict constraints But...not when these are more important Faster queries Horizontal scalability Flexible design
Data Modeling with SQL
Joins? We ain't got no stinking joins
Data Modeling with MongoDB
 Beware the N+1 problem does lurk Having no method for joining means we could have a lot of queries on our hands if we do establish a large one-to-many relationship outside of our "User" document
MongoDB, BSON, and You MongoDB does "document" storage JSON is a popular lightweight data structure BSON is a binary encoded serialized JSON document Programming languages map to-from BSON easily Most languages have a dictionary or hash
What does it look like? { "_id" : ObjectId("4d240d296266ea4ff500000a"), "first_name" : "Nick", "last_name" : "Zalabak",   "addresses" : [      {"street" : "123 Foo Bar Ave","city": "Chicago","state": "IL"},     {"street": "1 Mongo Blvd", "city": "Blah", "state": "CA"} ], "social_networks" : [      {"user_id": "user1", "sn": "twitter"},       {"user_id": "user2", "sn": "facebook"} ], "phone_numbers" : [ "123-345-1345", "555-555-5785"] }
How do I install MongoDB? Go to http://www.mongodb.org/downloads For Macs I'd recommend using Brew brew install mongodb For Linux, it depends on your distro Pre-Packaged for Ubuntu/Debian Pre-Packaged for CentOS/Fedora/Redhat Good old source! There are even installers for WinDoze
The './mongo' Console MongoDB has a console very much like MySQL >./mongo > help OK, how do I query to find my stuff?
The new query language you already know  MongoDB <3 JSON <3 JavaScript
SQL to Mongo Operations SQL Statement Mongo Query Language Statement CREATE TABLE USERS (a Number, b Number) implicit. MongoDB is "lazy". INSERT INTO USERS VALUES(1,1) db.users.insert({a:1,b:1})db.users.find({}, {a:1,b:1}) SELECT a,b FROM users SELECT a,b FROM users WHERE db.users.find({age:33}, {a:1,b:1})db.users.find({'age': age=33SELECT * FROM users WHERE {$gt:33}})})db.users.find({name:/Joe/}) age>33SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE "%Joe%" EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM users WHERE z=3SELECT db.users.find({z:3}).explain()db.users.distinct('last_name') db. DISTINCT last_name FROM users UPDATE users SET users.update({b:'q'}, {$set:{a:1}}, false, true) a=1 WHERE b='q' DELETE FROM users WHERE z="abc" db.users.remove({z:'abc'});
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MongoDB

  • 2. What is "NoSQL"? Complement, not replace, traditional relational databases Different ways to store large quantities of denormalized data Key/Value = Redis, Riak Tabular / "Big Table" = HBase, Cassandra Document = MongoDB, CouchDB No schema Map/Reduce Easy scalability
  • 3. RDMS is just fine YES! When you must guarantee transactional/ACID behavior When you must have strict constraints But...not when these are more important Faster queries Horizontal scalability Flexible design
  • 5. Joins? We ain't got no stinking joins
  • 7.  Beware the N+1 problem does lurk Having no method for joining means we could have a lot of queries on our hands if we do establish a large one-to-many relationship outside of our "User" document
  • 8. MongoDB, BSON, and You MongoDB does "document" storage JSON is a popular lightweight data structure BSON is a binary encoded serialized JSON document Programming languages map to-from BSON easily Most languages have a dictionary or hash
  • 9. What does it look like? { "_id" : ObjectId("4d240d296266ea4ff500000a"), "first_name" : "Nick", "last_name" : "Zalabak",   "addresses" : [      {"street" : "123 Foo Bar Ave","city": "Chicago","state": "IL"},     {"street": "1 Mongo Blvd", "city": "Blah", "state": "CA"} ], "social_networks" : [      {"user_id": "user1", "sn": "twitter"},       {"user_id": "user2", "sn": "facebook"} ], "phone_numbers" : [ "123-345-1345", "555-555-5785"] }
  • 10. How do I install MongoDB? Go to http://www.mongodb.org/downloads For Macs I'd recommend using Brew brew install mongodb For Linux, it depends on your distro Pre-Packaged for Ubuntu/Debian Pre-Packaged for CentOS/Fedora/Redhat Good old source! There are even installers for WinDoze
  • 11. The './mongo' Console MongoDB has a console very much like MySQL >./mongo > help OK, how do I query to find my stuff?
  • 12. The new query language you already know  MongoDB <3 JSON <3 JavaScript
  • 13. SQL to Mongo Operations SQL Statement Mongo Query Language Statement CREATE TABLE USERS (a Number, b Number) implicit. MongoDB is "lazy". INSERT INTO USERS VALUES(1,1) db.users.insert({a:1,b:1})db.users.find({}, {a:1,b:1}) SELECT a,b FROM users SELECT a,b FROM users WHERE db.users.find({age:33}, {a:1,b:1})db.users.find({'age': age=33SELECT * FROM users WHERE {$gt:33}})})db.users.find({name:/Joe/}) age>33SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE "%Joe%" EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM users WHERE z=3SELECT db.users.find({z:3}).explain()db.users.distinct('last_name') db. DISTINCT last_name FROM users UPDATE users SET users.update({b:'q'}, {$set:{a:1}}, false, true) a=1 WHERE b='q' DELETE FROM users WHERE z="abc" db.users.remove({z:'abc'});