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MOBILE Ad-Hoc NETWORK (MANET)

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Monodip Singha Roy

This document discusses mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). It defines MANETs as collections of wireless mobile nodes that can dynamically form a network without any centralized administration. The document outlines the characteristics, mechanisms, transmission standards, routing protocols, applications, and future aspects of MANETs. It explains that MANETs are self-configuring, infrastructureless networks suitable for situations where fixed networks are not available or are too expensive to deploy.

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MOBILE Ad-HOC NETWORK (MANET)
CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION • CHARACTERISTICS OF MANET • MECHANISM OF MANET • TRANSMISSION STANDARDS • ROUTING PROTOCOL • PROS AND CONS FOR MANET • MANET USAGE AREAS • CONCLUSION • FUTURE ASPECTS • REFERENCE
• Easy to Configure, Rapidly Deployable. • Existing Infrastructure not needed. • Wireless link. • Dynamic topology, Nodes are mobile. • A MANET is a type of Standalone network and also can be connected to an external network.
Example of MANET
Cellular vs. ad-hoc network Cellular Network Ad-Hoc Network  Infrastructure network.  Infrastructure less network.  Fixed, pre-located cell sites and stations.  No base station and rapid deployment.  Detailed planning before setting up a base station.  Ad-hoc network automatically forms and adapt to changes.  High cost for setup.  Low cost for setup.  Large setup time.  Less setup time.
TYPES OF MANET • InVANETs – Intelligent Vehicular ad-hoc network make use of AI to tackle unexpected situation like vehicle collisions and accidents. • VANETs – Vehicular ad hoc network enables effective communication with another vehicle or helps to communicate with roadside equipments. • iMANET– Internet based Mobile ad hoc network helps to link , fixed as well as mobile nodes.
Characteristic of MANET •MANET is classified in multihop and mobility. • Mobile nodes are characterized with less memory, weight, power and light features. • Required minimum human intervention to configure the network.
Mechanism for manet • Multihop operation required for routing mechanism in different mobile nodes. • Internet access mechanism. • Mechanism to detect and act on , merging of existing network. • Self configuring network requires an address allocation mechanism. • Security mechanism.
Transmission standards • Piconet. • Home RF ( Radio Frequency ). • IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN WG ( Working Group ). • Bluetooth SIG ( Special Interest Group ). -- These above use radio wave ,frequency band of around 2.4 GHz. • IrDA ( InfraRed Data Association ) -- Uses infrared instead of radio waves.
Piconet • A general purpose, low-powered, ad-hoc network. • It allows two devices near each other to inter-operate. • These devices can be either mobile or fixed. • The range is said to be reasonably short.
Home radio frequency Uses Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) system • carries both voice and data traffic. • inter-operate with the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) and the Internet. • the range covers typical home and yard.
IEEE 802.11 wireless lan The principles of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) are defined in IEEE 802.11 standard. • It defines two different topologies: ad-hoc network and infrastructure network. • This ad-hoc network is able to use only created wireless connection instead of fixed infrastructure.
Bluetooth • The code name for an open specification for short-range wireless connectivity. • Effortless, instant wireless connections between a wide range of communication devices in a small environment. • The BT range restricts the environment to about 10 meters. • Used in virtually any mobile device like that can have Bluetooth radios integrated into them.
IrDA • In-room cordless peripherals to host-PC. • Maturity and standardization activities advantage over radio. • Line-of-sight requirement disadvantage. • Based on technology similar to the remote control devices. • High-speed short range, point-to-point cordless data transfer.
Routing protocols • Self starting and self organizing. • Minimal network traffic overhead. • Rapid convergence. • Multihop and loop-free paths. Routing protocols falls in two categories: Re-active Pro-active
Reactive routing protocol • Initiative for finding routers does not take place. • Established routes “ on demand”. • Save energy and bandwidth during inactivity. Examples: AODV, DSR, etc. Pros and Cons : o Do not use bandwidth except when needed. o Initial in delay.
Proactive routing protocol • •On demand flooding the route with RREP. • All routes are maintained all the time. • Low latency, suitable for real time traffic. Examples : DSDV, OLSR. Pros and Cons : o Routes are always available. o Bandwidth might get wasted due to periodic updates.
Protocols trade-off • Proactive protocols – Always maintain routes . – Little or no delay for route determination. – Consume bandwidth to keep routes up-to-date. – Maintain routes which may never be used. • Reactive protocols - Lower overhead since routes are determined on demand. – Significant delay in route determination. – Employ flooding (global search). – Control traffic may be bursty.
Pros and Cons for Manet PROS: Separation from central network administration. Self-configuring nodes are also routers. Self-healing through continuous re- configuration. CONS: Limited resources and physical security. Intrinsic mutual trust vulnerable to attacks. Lack of authorization facilities.
MANET usage areas • Military Scenario. • Sensor Network. • Rescue operation. • Student on campus. • Free internet sharing. • Conference.
Fig :Manet for military scenario
Fig: Manet for rescue operation
Conclusion The mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile hosts dynamically establishing a short lived network without the support of a network infrastructure. In this type of environment, it's expected that a large number of ad-hoc connections will exist in the same region without any mutual coordination. Mobile ad-hoc networks are the future of wireless networks. Nodes in these networks will generate both users and application traffic and perform various network functions.
Future aspects In future mobile ad-hoc networks will use mobile routers to provide Internetconnectivity to mobile ad- hoc users. A mobile router will also allow mobility of an ad-hoc network, where mobile users may use an Internet access within an ad-hoc network domain. Recently, organizations have begun to see potential for such dynamic networks. Mobile ad-hoc networks are of increasing interest for a distributed set of applications, such as distributed collaborative computing, distributed sensing networks, potential fourth generation wireless systems, and response to incidents that destroyed the existing communication structure.
Reference • [ 1 ]. D. Johnson and D. Maltz, “Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks,” Mobile Computing, T. Imielinski and H. Korth, Ed., Kluwer, 1996. • [2]. C. Perkins and E Royer, “Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing,” 2nd IEEE Workshop. Mobile Comp. Sys. And Apps, 1999. •[3]. IEEE Std. 802.11, “Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications,” 1997. •[4]. Sridhar Iyer, “Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks”, IIT Bombay. •[5]. Andreas Tønnesen, “Introduction to MANET”. •[6]. “Wireless Ad-Hoc Network” – Wikipedia. •[7]. Md. Mahbubul Alam, And Tanmoon Taz Shetu, “Congestion control in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs)”, APRIL 2011
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MOBILE Ad-Hoc NETWORK (MANET)

  • 2. CONTENTS • INTRODUCTION • CHARACTERISTICS OF MANET • MECHANISM OF MANET • TRANSMISSION STANDARDS • ROUTING PROTOCOL • PROS AND CONS FOR MANET • MANET USAGE AREAS • CONCLUSION • FUTURE ASPECTS • REFERENCE
  • 3. • Easy to Configure, Rapidly Deployable. • Existing Infrastructure not needed. • Wireless link. • Dynamic topology, Nodes are mobile. • A MANET is a type of Standalone network and also can be connected to an external network.
  • 5. Cellular vs. ad-hoc network Cellular Network Ad-Hoc Network  Infrastructure network.  Infrastructure less network.  Fixed, pre-located cell sites and stations.  No base station and rapid deployment.  Detailed planning before setting up a base station.  Ad-hoc network automatically forms and adapt to changes.  High cost for setup.  Low cost for setup.  Large setup time.  Less setup time.
  • 6. TYPES OF MANET • InVANETs – Intelligent Vehicular ad-hoc network make use of AI to tackle unexpected situation like vehicle collisions and accidents. • VANETs – Vehicular ad hoc network enables effective communication with another vehicle or helps to communicate with roadside equipments. • iMANET– Internet based Mobile ad hoc network helps to link , fixed as well as mobile nodes.
  • 7. Characteristic of MANET •MANET is classified in multihop and mobility. • Mobile nodes are characterized with less memory, weight, power and light features. • Required minimum human intervention to configure the network.
  • 8. Mechanism for manet • Multihop operation required for routing mechanism in different mobile nodes. • Internet access mechanism. • Mechanism to detect and act on , merging of existing network. • Self configuring network requires an address allocation mechanism. • Security mechanism.
  • 9. Transmission standards • Piconet. • Home RF ( Radio Frequency ). • IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN WG ( Working Group ). • Bluetooth SIG ( Special Interest Group ). -- These above use radio wave ,frequency band of around 2.4 GHz. • IrDA ( InfraRed Data Association ) -- Uses infrared instead of radio waves.
  • 10. Piconet • A general purpose, low-powered, ad-hoc network. • It allows two devices near each other to inter-operate. • These devices can be either mobile or fixed. • The range is said to be reasonably short.
  • 11. Home radio frequency Uses Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) system • carries both voice and data traffic. • inter-operate with the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) and the Internet. • the range covers typical home and yard.
  • 12. IEEE 802.11 wireless lan The principles of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) are defined in IEEE 802.11 standard. • It defines two different topologies: ad-hoc network and infrastructure network. • This ad-hoc network is able to use only created wireless connection instead of fixed infrastructure.
  • 13. Bluetooth • The code name for an open specification for short-range wireless connectivity. • Effortless, instant wireless connections between a wide range of communication devices in a small environment. • The BT range restricts the environment to about 10 meters. • Used in virtually any mobile device like that can have Bluetooth radios integrated into them.
  • 14. IrDA • In-room cordless peripherals to host-PC. • Maturity and standardization activities advantage over radio. • Line-of-sight requirement disadvantage. • Based on technology similar to the remote control devices. • High-speed short range, point-to-point cordless data transfer.
  • 15. Routing protocols • Self starting and self organizing. • Minimal network traffic overhead. • Rapid convergence. • Multihop and loop-free paths. Routing protocols falls in two categories: Re-active Pro-active
  • 16. Reactive routing protocol • Initiative for finding routers does not take place. • Established routes “ on demand”. • Save energy and bandwidth during inactivity. Examples: AODV, DSR, etc. Pros and Cons : o Do not use bandwidth except when needed. o Initial in delay.
  • 17. Proactive routing protocol • •On demand flooding the route with RREP. • All routes are maintained all the time. • Low latency, suitable for real time traffic. Examples : DSDV, OLSR. Pros and Cons : o Routes are always available. o Bandwidth might get wasted due to periodic updates.
  • 18. Protocols trade-off • Proactive protocols – Always maintain routes . – Little or no delay for route determination. – Consume bandwidth to keep routes up-to-date. – Maintain routes which may never be used. • Reactive protocols - Lower overhead since routes are determined on demand. – Significant delay in route determination. – Employ flooding (global search). – Control traffic may be bursty.
  • 19. Pros and Cons for Manet PROS: Separation from central network administration. Self-configuring nodes are also routers. Self-healing through continuous re- configuration. CONS: Limited resources and physical security. Intrinsic mutual trust vulnerable to attacks. Lack of authorization facilities.
  • 20. MANET usage areas • Military Scenario. • Sensor Network. • Rescue operation. • Student on campus. • Free internet sharing. • Conference.
  • 21. Fig :Manet for military scenario
  • 22. Fig: Manet for rescue operation
  • 23. Conclusion The mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile hosts dynamically establishing a short lived network without the support of a network infrastructure. In this type of environment, it's expected that a large number of ad-hoc connections will exist in the same region without any mutual coordination. Mobile ad-hoc networks are the future of wireless networks. Nodes in these networks will generate both users and application traffic and perform various network functions.
  • 24. Future aspects In future mobile ad-hoc networks will use mobile routers to provide Internetconnectivity to mobile ad- hoc users. A mobile router will also allow mobility of an ad-hoc network, where mobile users may use an Internet access within an ad-hoc network domain. Recently, organizations have begun to see potential for such dynamic networks. Mobile ad-hoc networks are of increasing interest for a distributed set of applications, such as distributed collaborative computing, distributed sensing networks, potential fourth generation wireless systems, and response to incidents that destroyed the existing communication structure.
  • 25. Reference • [ 1 ]. D. Johnson and D. Maltz, “Dynamic Source Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks,” Mobile Computing, T. Imielinski and H. Korth, Ed., Kluwer, 1996. • [2]. C. Perkins and E Royer, “Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing,” 2nd IEEE Workshop. Mobile Comp. Sys. And Apps, 1999. •[3]. IEEE Std. 802.11, “Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications,” 1997. •[4]. Sridhar Iyer, “Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks”, IIT Bombay. •[5]. Andreas Tønnesen, “Introduction to MANET”. •[6]. “Wireless Ad-Hoc Network” – Wikipedia. •[7]. Md. Mahbubul Alam, And Tanmoon Taz Shetu, “Congestion control in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs)”, APRIL 2011