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The document presents a project on developing a solar power charge controller. It discusses the motivation for non-conventional power sources like solar due to increasing global power demand. The controller uses a microcontroller to regulate voltage and current from solar panels to batteries to prevent overcharging. It employs techniques like maximum power point tracking for efficient charging and includes components like solar panels, op-amps, MOSFETs, diodes, LEDs and batteries.

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Minor Project Presentation Solar Power Charge Controller
CONTENTS
MOTIVATION Non-conventional power generation is one of the fastest growing sectors. Globaly, all countries are busy developing and implementing non-conventional power o bridge the power demand and power supply gap. The sun is the ultimate source of unlimited solar energy in the form of light and heat. Light of the sun is directly converted to electrical energy without any intermediate step. Solar hotovolatic (PV) power is leading ahead of the other sources. In a solar power generation system, the PV cell plays a major role.
RESOURCE 1. http://www.inverter.com/ 2.https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Md_Mottaleb _Hossain2
Introduction  A charge controller, or charge regulator is basically a voltage and/orcurrent regulator to keep batteries from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery. Most "12 volt" panels put out about 16 to 20 volts, so if there is no regulation the batteries will be damaged from overcharging. Most batteries need around 14 to 14.5 volts to get fully charged.  The solar energy is converted to electrical energy by photo-voltaic cells.This energy is stored in batteries during day time for utilizing the same during night time. Main project ideas is to deals with a controlled charging mechanism which over charge, deep discharge and under voltage of the battery.
Block Diagram
J. C. Dias and R. Hausmann, "A solar-powered VRLA battery charge controller using a dc-dc Ćuk converter for a telemetry station power supply," 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC), Fortaleza, 2015, pp. 1-5. This work presents the development of a charge controller which uses the energy of a photovoltaic panel to charge a valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery for an autonomous telemetry station energy system. A Ćuk converter is employed to adequate the power generated from the panel to the battery. A three-stage charge control strategy based on the I-U technique is applied in order to charge the battery quickly and preserve its lifetime. A maximum power point tracking technique based on temperature measurement is used to provide a quick charge to the battery.
DPR on “GRID CONNECTED SOLAR PHOTOVOLTIC (SPV) POWER PLANT”, under Rooftop and other Small Solar Power generation Program (RPSSGP) and Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM),by PHTO ENERGY SYSTEM LIMITED. This paper f on the protection of load and charge using solar power management. Solar energy is converted into electrical energy by photo-voltaic cells. This energy is stored in batteries during daytime to be utilized during night time. In fact, the developed project has many advantages as existing devices, as it deals with a controlled charging mechanism that avoids overcharge, deep discharge and under/over voltage of the battery and load. Unless barriers like under/over charge are overcome, maintaining and increasing electricity supplies from solar energy will require continuation of potentially costly policy support.
Enter title Introduction
Objective  The solar charge controller is a stand-alone off-the-grid photovoltaic (PV) system that utilizes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to obtain the most efficiency. Due to the inherent losses that occur in photovoltaic systems, it is essential that the maximum power should be extracted.  The intent is to create an extremely efficient charge controller that would be able to monitor the power generated by the photovoltaic array and deliver the maximum amount to the battery bank during varying atmospheric conditions.  The System is compatible to drive 500 Wattage AC – DC devices including charging of batteries.  Advance Controller make it an efficient system.
Objective 1. Cope up with the existing problem of load sheding in rural areas. 2.Make a use of freely available renewable natural sources effectively in every person hand. 3.Eliminate all the drawbacks related to conventional energy resources (ex.-their depletion), power generation using these conventional energy resources (ex.- harmful byproducts, emission of dangerous gases in environment, high production and running cost, heavy transmission and distribution losses). 4.Save huge capital invested to setup a solar power plant in different locations, Transmission cost for carrying the generated energy from solar plant to every house in the country, large piece of land used by these Solar power plants specially in our country where available land is very less. 5.Save unnecessary wastage of consumer��s money in buying batteries and simultaneously paying for the use of electricity.
Hardware Components For Solar Power Charge Controller • Solar panel • Op-amps • MOSFET • Diodes • LEDs • Potentiometers • Battery
Circuit Diagram
Solar Panel  Expose the cell to light, and the energy fromeach photon (light particle) hitting the silicon, will liberate an electron and a correspondinghole.  If this happens within range of the electric field’s influence, the electrons will be sent to the N side and the holes to the P one, resulting in yet further disruption of electrical neutrality.  This flow of electrons is a current; the electrical field in the cell causes a voltage and the product of these two is power.
OP-Amps An operational amplifier ("op-amp") is a DC-coupled high-gain electronicvoltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-endedoutput. • Internally frequency compensated for unitygain • Large DC voltage gain 100 dB • Wideband with 1Mhz (Temperature compensated) • Wide power supply range: • Single supply 3V to 32V • or dual supplies ±1.5V to±16V • Very low supply current drain (700 μA) essentially independent of supplyvoltage • Low input biasing current 45 nA (temperaturecompensated) • Low input offset voltage 2mV and offset current:5nA • Large output voltage swing 0V to V+ −1.5V
MOSFET(IRF 510)  The Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is a devise used for amplifying or switching electronic signals  The basic principle of the device a voltage on the oxide- insulated gate electrode can induce a conducting channel between the two other contacts called source and drain.  It is by far the most common transistor in bothdigital and analog circuits, though thebipolar  junction transistor was at one time much more common.
Diodes  The 1N4148 is a standard small signal silicon diode usedin signal processing.  The 1N4148 is generally available in a DO-35 glasspackage and is very useful at high  frequencies with a reverse recovery time of no more than4ns.  This permits rectification and detection of radio frequency signals very effectively, as long as their amplitude is above the forward conduction threshold of silicon (around 0.7V)or the diode is biased.
Potentiometers A potentiometer is an adjustable resistor which consists of a wiper that slides across a resistive strip to deliver an increase or decrease in resistance. The level of resistance will determine output of current to the circuit.
BATTERY  An electrical battery is a combination of one or more electrochemical cells, used to convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.  The battery has become a common power source for many household, robotics and industrial applications.  Larger batteries provide standby power for telephone exchanges or computer data centers.
Charger ControllerTypes  Charge controls come in 3 general types, They range from the small 4.5 amp (Sunguard) control, up to the 60 to 80 amp MPPT. • Simple 1 or 2 stage controls • 3-stage and/or PWM • Maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
Functionality of Solar Power Charge Controller  A solar panel is used to charge abattery.  A set of op-amps are used as comparators to continuously monitorpanel voltage, load current etc.  Indications are also provided by a green LED for fully charged battery.  A set of red LEDs to indicate under charged, overloaded and deepdischarge condition.
Functionality of Solar Power Charge Controller  Charge controller also uses MOSFET as power semiconductor switch.  This is to ensure cut off the load in low battery or overload condition.  A transistor is used to bypass the solar energy to a dummy load while the battery gets fully charged.  This protects the battery from getting overcharged.
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MINOR PROJECT PPT.pptx

  • 1. Minor Project Presentation Solar Power Charge Controller
  • 3. MOTIVATION Non-conventional power generation is one of the fastest growing sectors. Globaly, all countries are busy developing and implementing non-conventional power o bridge the power demand and power supply gap. The sun is the ultimate source of unlimited solar energy in the form of light and heat. Light of the sun is directly converted to electrical energy without any intermediate step. Solar hotovolatic (PV) power is leading ahead of the other sources. In a solar power generation system, the PV cell plays a major role.
  • 5. Introduction  A charge controller, or charge regulator is basically a voltage and/orcurrent regulator to keep batteries from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery. Most "12 volt" panels put out about 16 to 20 volts, so if there is no regulation the batteries will be damaged from overcharging. Most batteries need around 14 to 14.5 volts to get fully charged.  The solar energy is converted to electrical energy by photo-voltaic cells.This energy is stored in batteries during day time for utilizing the same during night time. Main project ideas is to deals with a controlled charging mechanism which over charge, deep discharge and under voltage of the battery.
  • 7. J. C. Dias and R. Hausmann, "A solar-powered VRLA battery charge controller using a dc-dc Ćuk converter for a telemetry station power supply," 2015 IEEE 13th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference and 1st Southern Power Electronics Conference (COBEP/SPEC), Fortaleza, 2015, pp. 1-5. This work presents the development of a charge controller which uses the energy of a photovoltaic panel to charge a valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) battery for an autonomous telemetry station energy system. A Ćuk converter is employed to adequate the power generated from the panel to the battery. A three-stage charge control strategy based on the I-U technique is applied in order to charge the battery quickly and preserve its lifetime. A maximum power point tracking technique based on temperature measurement is used to provide a quick charge to the battery.
  • 8. DPR on “GRID CONNECTED SOLAR PHOTOVOLTIC (SPV) POWER PLANT”, under Rooftop and other Small Solar Power generation Program (RPSSGP) and Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM),by PHTO ENERGY SYSTEM LIMITED. This paper f on the protection of load and charge using solar power management. Solar energy is converted into electrical energy by photo-voltaic cells. This energy is stored in batteries during daytime to be utilized during night time. In fact, the developed project has many advantages as existing devices, as it deals with a controlled charging mechanism that avoids overcharge, deep discharge and under/over voltage of the battery and load. Unless barriers like under/over charge are overcome, maintaining and increasing electricity supplies from solar energy will require continuation of potentially costly policy support.
  • 10. Objective  The solar charge controller is a stand-alone off-the-grid photovoltaic (PV) system that utilizes maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to obtain the most efficiency. Due to the inherent losses that occur in photovoltaic systems, it is essential that the maximum power should be extracted.  The intent is to create an extremely efficient charge controller that would be able to monitor the power generated by the photovoltaic array and deliver the maximum amount to the battery bank during varying atmospheric conditions.  The System is compatible to drive 500 Wattage AC – DC devices including charging of batteries.  Advance Controller make it an efficient system.
  • 11. Objective 1. Cope up with the existing problem of load sheding in rural areas. 2.Make a use of freely available renewable natural sources effectively in every person hand. 3.Eliminate all the drawbacks related to conventional energy resources (ex.-their depletion), power generation using these conventional energy resources (ex.- harmful byproducts, emission of dangerous gases in environment, high production and running cost, heavy transmission and distribution losses). 4.Save huge capital invested to setup a solar power plant in different locations, Transmission cost for carrying the generated energy from solar plant to every house in the country, large piece of land used by these Solar power plants specially in our country where available land is very less. 5.Save unnecessary wastage of consumer’s money in buying batteries and simultaneously paying for the use of electricity.
  • 12. Hardware Components For Solar Power Charge Controller • Solar panel • Op-amps • MOSFET • Diodes • LEDs • Potentiometers • Battery
  • 14. Solar Panel  Expose the cell to light, and the energy fromeach photon (light particle) hitting the silicon, will liberate an electron and a correspondinghole.  If this happens within range of the electric field’s influence, the electrons will be sent to the N side and the holes to the P one, resulting in yet further disruption of electrical neutrality.  This flow of electrons is a current; the electrical field in the cell causes a voltage and the product of these two is power.
  • 15. OP-Amps An operational amplifier ("op-amp") is a DC-coupled high-gain electronicvoltage amplifier with a differential input and, usually, a single-endedoutput. • Internally frequency compensated for unitygain • Large DC voltage gain 100 dB • Wideband with 1Mhz (Temperature compensated) • Wide power supply range: • Single supply 3V to 32V • or dual supplies ±1.5V to±16V • Very low supply current drain (700 μA) essentially independent of supplyvoltage • Low input biasing current 45 nA (temperaturecompensated) • Low input offset voltage 2mV and offset current:5nA • Large output voltage swing 0V to V+ −1.5V
  • 16. MOSFET(IRF 510)  The Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is a devise used for amplifying or switching electronic signals  The basic principle of the device a voltage on the oxide- insulated gate electrode can induce a conducting channel between the two other contacts called source and drain.  It is by far the most common transistor in bothdigital and analog circuits, though thebipolar  junction transistor was at one time much more common.
  • 17. Diodes  The 1N4148 is a standard small signal silicon diode usedin signal processing.  The 1N4148 is generally available in a DO-35 glasspackage and is very useful at high  frequencies with a reverse recovery time of no more than4ns.  This permits rectification and detection of radio frequency signals very effectively, as long as their amplitude is above the forward conduction threshold of silicon (around 0.7V)or the diode is biased.
  • 18. Potentiometers A potentiometer is an adjustable resistor which consists of a wiper that slides across a resistive strip to deliver an increase or decrease in resistance. The level of resistance will determine output of current to the circuit.
  • 19. BATTERY  An electrical battery is a combination of one or more electrochemical cells, used to convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.  The battery has become a common power source for many household, robotics and industrial applications.  Larger batteries provide standby power for telephone exchanges or computer data centers.
  • 20. Charger ControllerTypes  Charge controls come in 3 general types, They range from the small 4.5 amp (Sunguard) control, up to the 60 to 80 amp MPPT. • Simple 1 or 2 stage controls • 3-stage and/or PWM • Maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
  • 21. Functionality of Solar Power Charge Controller  A solar panel is used to charge abattery.  A set of op-amps are used as comparators to continuously monitorpanel voltage, load current etc.  Indications are also provided by a green LED for fully charged battery.  A set of red LEDs to indicate under charged, overloaded and deepdischarge condition.
  • 22. Functionality of Solar Power Charge Controller  Charge controller also uses MOSFET as power semiconductor switch.  This is to ensure cut off the load in low battery or overload condition.  A transistor is used to bypass the solar energy to a dummy load while the battery gets fully charged.  This protects the battery from getting overcharged.