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Spatiotemporal dynamics of high-level cognitive decision making: an MEG study

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Kyongsik Yun
Kyongsik Yun

This study used MEG to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics of high-level cognitive decision making. [1] MEG provides better temporal and spatial resolution than other neuroimaging methods like fMRI and EEG. [2] The study found four steps in the decision making process: 1) awareness of information, 2) evaluation of alternatives, 3) decision making, 4) post-decision evaluation. Specific brain regions were involved in each step. [3] The study also used an Ultimatum Game experiment to investigate decision making processes when responding to fair versus unfair offers.

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MEG 를 이용한 고등의사결정과정의 시공간적 동역학 연구 Spatiotemporal dynamics of high-level cognitive decision making: an MEG study Do economists need brains? The Economist Jul 24th 2008 1
2
Decision making is a very complex and fast process Decision making is processed on a millisecond temporal scale in brain networks. http://rulebooktothegamesoflife. wordpress.com/2008/08/25/rps/
MEG provides better temporal and spatial resolution Better temporal resolution fMRI (1~2 sec) < MEG / EEG (~1 msec) Better spatial resolution MEG / fMRI (~1 mm) > EEG (~1 cm) 4
MEG analysis process DLPFC STG PC Data recording Time-frequency analysis Effective connectivity Source reconstruction analysis 5
Major novel findings Four steps of the decision-making process in the brain 1. Awareness of information - the γ frequency ranges during the 50 to 100 ms - OFC (social & emotional) 2. Evaluation of alternatives - the β and γ frequency ranges during the −600 to −500 ms - DLPFC (rational), OFC, STG, IPL (theory of mind) 3. Decision making - the γ frequency range −200~−100 ms - DLPFC, OFC, IPL, Precuneus (fronto-parietal network) 4. Post-decision evaluation - the β and γ frequency range 350~500 ms - STG, MTG, ITG, IPL (mentalizing) 6
An apt tool to investigate complex decision-making processes in a laboratory setting: the Ultimatum Game proposer responder 1. Make an offer: 9:1 2. Conflict btwn emotion & cognition (send emotional cue) (ACC, Ins, dlPFC, vmPFC) Reward anticipation (NAcc) Optimal offer? (ToM) 3. Make a decision 4. Post-decision evaluation Game theory: the proposer should offer the smallest amount possible and the responder should accept any amount offered. Behavior: Their decision making is dependent on their personal valuation of fairness. 7
1. Information awareness Inferior frontal gyrus for emotionally aware information. 8
PDC - high beta and gamma frequency band (35~50Hz) Response to A Unfair offer -800 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -000 ms OFC STG -800 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -800 ms Unfair offer is more cognitively demanding to process PC Response to B Fair offer -800 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -000 ms P < 0.05 P < 0.001 -800 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -800 ms 9 Decreased information transmission
2. Evaluation of alternatives - the β and γ frequency ranges during the −600 to −500 ms - DLPFC (rational), OFC (social & emotional), STG, IPL (theory of mind) 3. Decision making - the γ frequency range −200~−100 ms - DLPFC, OFC, IPL, Precuneus (fronto-parietal network) 4. Post-decision evaluation - the β and γ frequency range 350~500 ms - STG, MTG, ITG, IPL (mentalizing) 10
PDC - high beta and gamma frequency band (20~50Hz) A Acceptance -800 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -000 ms DLPFC STG -800 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -800 ms PC B Rejection -800 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -000 ms P < 0.05 P < 0.001 -800 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -800 ms 11 Right DLPFC successfully regulate other regions of the brain in acceptance.
Neurobiological insights from Information transfer (effective connectivity) between regions in the brain • Information is processed as discrete sequential functional microstates. • It is not assumed that one single neural population was active during a certain microstate. • Many different areas can work in parallel, but together they form a certain spatial and temporal configuration. • MEG spatiotemporal dynamics alone also cannot provide the large-scale network information that comes from oscillatory interactions between spatially distant cortical populations. 12
Emotion vs. Cognition Do economists need brains? The Economist Jul 24th 2008 13

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Spatiotemporal dynamics of high-level cognitive decision making: an MEG study

  • 1. MEG 를 이용한 고등의사결정과정의 시공간적 동역학 연구 Spatiotemporal dynamics of high-level cognitive decision making: an MEG study Do economists need brains? The Economist Jul 24th 2008 1
  • 2. 2
  • 3. Decision making is a very complex and fast process Decision making is processed on a millisecond temporal scale in brain networks. http://rulebooktothegamesoflife. wordpress.com/2008/08/25/rps/
  • 4. MEG provides better temporal and spatial resolution Better temporal resolution fMRI (1~2 sec) < MEG / EEG (~1 msec) Better spatial resolution MEG / fMRI (~1 mm) > EEG (~1 cm) 4
  • 5. MEG analysis process DLPFC STG PC Data recording Time-frequency analysis Effective connectivity Source reconstruction analysis 5
  • 6. Major novel findings Four steps of the decision-making process in the brain 1. Awareness of information - the γ frequency ranges during the 50 to 100 ms - OFC (social & emotional) 2. Evaluation of alternatives - the β and γ frequency ranges during the −600 to −500 ms - DLPFC (rational), OFC, STG, IPL (theory of mind) 3. Decision making - the γ frequency range −200~−100 ms - DLPFC, OFC, IPL, Precuneus (fronto-parietal network) 4. Post-decision evaluation - the β and γ frequency range 350~500 ms - STG, MTG, ITG, IPL (mentalizing) 6
  • 7. An apt tool to investigate complex decision-making processes in a laboratory setting: the Ultimatum Game proposer responder 1. Make an offer: 9:1 2. Conflict btwn emotion & cognition (send emotional cue) (ACC, Ins, dlPFC, vmPFC) Reward anticipation (NAcc) Optimal offer? (ToM) 3. Make a decision 4. Post-decision evaluation Game theory: the proposer should offer the smallest amount possible and the responder should accept any amount offered. Behavior: Their decision making is dependent on their personal valuation of fairness. 7
  • 8. 1. Information awareness Inferior frontal gyrus for emotionally aware information. 8
  • 9. PDC - high beta and gamma frequency band (35~50Hz) Response to A Unfair offer -800 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -000 ms OFC STG -800 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -800 ms Unfair offer is more cognitively demanding to process PC Response to B Fair offer -800 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -000 ms P < 0.05 P < 0.001 -800 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -800 ms 9 Decreased information transmission
  • 10. 2. Evaluation of alternatives - the β and γ frequency ranges during the −600 to −500 ms - DLPFC (rational), OFC (social & emotional), STG, IPL (theory of mind) 3. Decision making - the γ frequency range −200~−100 ms - DLPFC, OFC, IPL, Precuneus (fronto-parietal network) 4. Post-decision evaluation - the β and γ frequency range 350~500 ms - STG, MTG, ITG, IPL (mentalizing) 10
  • 11. PDC - high beta and gamma frequency band (20~50Hz) A Acceptance -800 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -000 ms DLPFC STG -800 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -800 ms PC B Rejection -800 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -000 ms P < 0.05 P < 0.001 -800 ~ -200 ms -200 ~ -400 ms -400 ~ -600 ms -600 ~ -800 ms 11 Right DLPFC successfully regulate other regions of the brain in acceptance.
  • 12. Neurobiological insights from Information transfer (effective connectivity) between regions in the brain • Information is processed as discrete sequential functional microstates. • It is not assumed that one single neural population was active during a certain microstate. • Many different areas can work in parallel, but together they form a certain spatial and temporal configuration. • MEG spatiotemporal dynamics alone also cannot provide the large-scale network information that comes from oscillatory interactions between spatially distant cortical populations. 12
  • 13. Emotion vs. Cognition Do economists need brains? The Economist Jul 24th 2008 13