Lab#1 - Front End Development
- 3. Web browser
Tim Berners-Lee imagined a "Web" of interconnected documents.
He wanted authors to be able to connect an idea in one document to
the source of the idea in another, or connect a statement with the
data that backs up that statement, so that in reading one document,
it is easy to access everything related (linked) to it.
This information was navigated by a new tool called a "Browser".
- 4. HTML, CSS and JS: The big trio
HTML:
◦ HyperText Markup Language
◦ Contains all the content (words, headings, figures, diagrams, etc.), organized into
a logical structure.
◦ Current version: HTML 5
CSS:
◦ Cascaded Style Sheet
◦ The presentation or style of the page
◦ Current version: CSS 3
JS:
◦ JavaScript
◦ The actions a page can take such as interaction with the user, and customizing
and changing the page according to any number of parameters.
- 5. Check your knowledge
True or False:
◦ The primary purpose of HTML is to format the text.
• False
– HTML is primarily designed to help organize the structure of a document.
CSS is used for formatting and other aspects of design.
- 6. The Tools
Simple
• Notepad
• Notepad++
• Vim
• Nano
• emacs
Advanced
• Visual Studio
• Atom
• Vscode
• sublime
Interactive
Tools
• Dream
Weaver
• Microsoft
Expression
Web
• Adobe XD
- 8. Marking up
HTML uses angle brackets ("<" and ">") to separate the annotations
from the regular text.
In HTML these annotations are called "tags“.
- 9. Demo 1: Hello World
Exercise:
◦ Extract tags and normal text from the document
- 11. HTML Element
An HTML document is a set of HTML elements formed in a tree-like
structure (Parent -> child)
An element consists of start tag, end tag and the text inside the tag.
html
head
body
title
heading
paragraph
- 12. DEMO 1: Closer look
Start tag
Closing tag
Content Html element
Note:
Most tags have open and close versions, but there are a few strange ones. We refer to the strange ones as "self
closing" tags. (More details later)
- 13. Check your knowledge
Which is the correct nesting of these elements?
1. “p” inside “body” inside “html”
2. “html” inside “body” inside “p”
3. “p” inside “body” inside “head”
1. “p” inside “body” inside “html”
- 14. Comments
Comments are a way of adding some text that is primarily targeted
towards human readers.
HTML comment tag
- 17. Check your knowledge
A 'ul' element isn't very useful unless it contains what kind of tags?
Answer: <li></li>
- 18. Attributes
Attributes are used in tags to further
define the tag.
It is used inside the opening tag it is
applied to and should be added after a
space from the tag name
Syntax:
Attribute name, equal sign, opening
quotes, attribute value, closing quotes
- 19. Attributes
A tag can have multiple attributes
The only exception to the name-value pair is if the attribute is a
'boolean attribute'.
◦ you add the attribute name to indicate true and omit it to indicate false
- 20. Attributes types
Global attributes: can be applied to all tags
◦ Example: id, class (explained later with css)
Non-global attributes: applied only to some specific tags
◦ Example: start, reversed
Check this link to see all HTML attributes and where they can be applied
◦ https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes
- 21. Check your knowledge
<p id="greeting" class="hello world">This is me greeting the
world</p>
Which of the following is the correct behavior?
1. Both the classname and paragraph text cannot contain 'world‘
2. Two different classes 'hello' and 'world' will be applied to the paragraph
3. The code is invalid because space is not allowed in class attribute's value
4. One class 'hello world' will be applied to the paragraph
Answer:
2- Two different classes 'hello' and 'world' will be applied to the paragraph
- 23. The <img> tag
src “source”: tells us where to fetch the image from.
alt “alternate text”: provide a short description of what the image is
about.
More attributes: width, height
- 24. Hyperlinks
Hyperlink is any text or image you can click and it will take you to
another page. This page can be:
◦ Another Web page.
◦ A bookmark (a specific part of a Web page).
◦ A local link (link to another part of the same Web page)
◦ An email
- 25. The <a> tag
The hyperlink tag in html is simply <a> (anchor)
href: points to the URL that the link should jump to.
target: specifies the destination where the linked URL in href should
be opened.
◦ _blank: open in a new window
◦ _self: open in the same window (default)
- 26. Check your knowledge
Is it valid to have a paragraph element inside the <head> tag?
◦ Yes
◦ No
Unlike most attributes, the id of an element should be:
1. split by spaces if you want to specify multiple values
2. the same across a given type of element i.e. all paragraphs have the same id
3. unique to that element and can only be used once
4. written in all caps (“ID=“)
- 27. Check your knowledge
What are the required attributes in an image tag? (choose 2)
1. src
2. title
3. height
4. alt
All browsers support all attributes?
◦ True
◦ False
- 28. Check your knowledge
Which of the following is a valid value following best practice for
the 'id' attribute?
1. < p id=""> < /p >
2. < p id="NaViGaTiOn" > < /p >
3. < p id="score-display" > < /p >
4. < p id="Frequently asked questions" > < /p >
Which of the following statements about global attributes is true?
1. All global attributes are of type boolean
2. Global attributes are common to all elements
3. Only 'id' and 'class' are global attributes
4. Global attributes only apply to elements that do not have any attributes of
their own
- 29. Check your knowledge
What do you use to split multiple classnames in the 'class'
attributes?
1. You can only specify one classname in the 'class' attribute
2. space
3. comma
4. Colon
Which of the following image paths follow the best practice for a
relative URL?
1. packageassetsImagesexample.PNG
2. images/example.png
3. Package/Assets/Images/Example.png
4. imagesexample.png
- 30. Check your knowledge
The closing tag for image is </img>.
◦ False
◦ True
What does the 'alt' attribute do?
1. used to distinguish image and text links by a screen reader
2. describes the information the image conveys or its function
3. display information about an ambiguous image as a tooltip
4. links to a URL
- 32. Definition
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) form the presentation layer of the
user interface.
• Structure (XHTML)
• Behavior (Client-Side Scripting)
• Presentation (CSS)
Tells the browser agent how the element is to be presented to
the user.
- 33. Why CSS?
CSS removes the presentation attributes from the structure
allowing
• Reusability
• Ease of maintainability
• Interchangeable presentation layer
HTML was never meant to be a presentation language. Proprietary
vendors have created tags to add presentation to structure. Like
<font>, <b> and <i>.
- 37. Cascading Order
“Cascading ” reflects the way styles are applied to the
elements in a document, because style declarations cascade
down to elements from many origins.
Styles will be applied to HTML in the following order:
• Browser default
• External style sheet
• Internal style sheet (in head)
• Inline style
When styles conflict, the “nearest” (most recently applied)
style wins.
- 38. CSS Selectors
Selectors determine which element the rule applies to
You can select elements as following:
• All elements of specific type (tag)
• Those that match a specific attribute (id, class)
• Elements may be matched depending on how they are nested in
the document tree (HTML)
Examples:
- 40. 1 Type Selector
Type selector selects an element of the HTML document: P, H1,
BODY, etc.
Example
- 41. 2 ID Selector
The ID attribute is used to define a unique style for an element.
Example:
• In the CSS
• In the HTML
- 42. 3 Classes Selector
Classes allow you to define a style which can be applied to multiple
elements on your page.
Example
• In the CSS
• In the HTML
Both the paragraph & the span elements will be styled by the class “bold".
- 44. CSS Rules Measurement Units
Physical Measurements
• inches (in)
• points (pt)
Screen Measurements
• pixels (px)
Relative Measurements
• %
Zero can be used with no unit
- 46. Styles Categories
Box Model (Borders, Padding, and Margins)
Font Styles
Text Styles
Text and Background Colors
Background Images
- 47. Box Model
All HTML elements can be considered as boxes.
The Box Model allows us to place a border around elements and
space elements in relation to other elements.
The Box Model consists of:
• Margin: The distance between an element and its parent
• Padding: The distance between the element and its content
• Borders
• Actual content
- 50. CSS Text
Color: Set the color of the text
Text-indent: How much the paragraph start is moved
Text-align: Horizontal alignment of the text (left- center and right)
Text-decoration: (underline – overline – line-through)
Text-transform: Text case (uppercase – lowercase – capitalize)
- 52. DEMO
CHECK THE REST OF CSS DOCUMENT IN THE SCISSORS
SAMPLE
AND DEMO BROWSER INTERACTIVE TOOLS
- 54. CSS Frameworks
Pre-prepared software framework that are meant to allow for easier,
more standards compliant web design using the CSS.
CSS frameworks offer different modules and tools:
• Grid especially for responsive web design
• Web typography
• Set of icons in sprites or icon fonts
• Styling for tooltips, buttons, elements of forms
• Parts of graphical user interfaces like accordion, tabs, or slideshow
• Minified css and js files
- 55. Bootstrap
Bootstrap is a free front-end framework for faster and easier web
development.
Bootstrap includes HTML and CSS
based design templates for
typography, forms, buttons,
tables, navigation, modals, image
carousels and many other, as well
as optional JavaScript plugins
Bootstrap also gives you the ability to easily create responsive designs
- 56. Assignment
Complete this course (2.5 hrs)
◦ https://www.udemy.com/crash-course-html-and-css/
◦ Due date: 30-9-2017 (2 marks)
◦ Last chance: 7-10-2017 (1 mark)
Implement the following page
◦ Create a website for a Landmark
◦ The website should have at least five pages:
◦ Home
◦ History
◦ News
◦ Booking
◦ Contact Us
◦ All pages should have a menu bar that allows you to move between them.
◦ All the pages should have the same theme
◦ Create a single css file for all pages
◦ Due date: 30-9-2017 (2 marks)
◦ Last chance: 7-10-2017 (1 mark)
- 57. Make sure you know their meaning
html
head
body
h1, …, h6
P
hr
br
a
img
ul, li
ol, li
table, tr, td
rowspan, colspan
div
span
- 58. Learning Front End Development
https://www.edx.org/microsoft-professional-program-front-end-
development
Editor's Notes
- Sir Tim Berners-Lee’s vision for universality enabled the development of a high-level network of content that allows any document to link to any other documents.
In March 1989 Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist working at CERN, submitted a proposal to develop a radical new way of linking and sharing information over the internet. The document was entitled Information Management: A Proposal. And so the web was born.
The World Wide Web was initially created to make it easier to share research papers. It is a system of interlinked ‘hypertext’ documents that are accessed via the Internet
His breakthrough was to link hypertext to the Internet and he used three technologies to do this:
1- HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation of data communication for the Web.
2- HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the main mark-up language for creating Web pages and information that can be displayed on a Web browser.
3- Web addresses or a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) are used to reference a Web page.
- Hypertext:
Text with embedded links to other documents
Markup language:
Annotating a document in a way that is syntactically different from the text (like marking up a document).
- Try only the list tags, the rest is left for them
- IMPORTANCE OF THE 'ALT' ATTRIBUTE
If you add alt to your image, screen readers will typically announce that there is an image and read out the contents of the alt attribute.
Your image will not display if the path in your source attribute is wrong, if you have a slow internet connection, or if the image has been relocated or renamed. It will show a broken link. It is useful to have the alternate text display so the user can make sense of the missing image.
Search engines do not see images. They rely on the alt attribute to find out what the image is about. If you use your target keyword in alt, it will optimize the search.
To consume less data, some mobile users turn off images. They need the alt attribute to find out what the image is about.
If the image is purely for presentation or decoration purposes, you should leave alt empty - <img alt="">. Assistive technology will then ignore this content.
- No
3
- 1, 4
false
- 3
2
- 2
2
- False
2
- http://www.toureiffel.paris/en