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1) The document simulates and compares the performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network under three conditions: when users are fixed, when users move towards the base station, and when users move away from the base station. 2) The results show that both protocols have higher packet delivery and lower packet loss when users are either fixed or moving towards the base station, since signal strength is better in those scenarios. Performance degrades when users move away from the base station due to weaker signals. 3) AODV generally has better performance than DSDV, with higher throughput and packet delivery rates observed across the different user mobility conditions.

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IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 11, Issue 1, Ver. III (Jan. - Feb .2016), PP 74-79 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/2834-11127479 www.iosrjournals.org 74 | Page Design and Simulation of Mobile Ad Hoc Network for Multiple Mobility Management Anubhuti Jain1 , Shashank Mane2 1,2 (Electronics and communication, SBITM Betul, RGPV University Bhopal, India) Abstract: Now a days many countries are facing a serious problem of mobile signal strength. It has also become a major issue in many parts of the world. In order to solve this problem use of MANET (mobile ad hoc network) through WiMAX has popularized. In this paper I will show the complete scenario of MANET network. In this three conditions are included: when the users are fixed, when the users are movable away from the base station and the last one is when the users are movable towards the base station. These three conditions are shown one by one by routing protocol both AODV and DSDV and results are simulated with NS2. Keywords: AODV, Ad hoc network, DSDV, MANET, NS2, Simulation, WiMAX I. Introduction 1.1 Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET) Mobile Ad hoc network is a group of wireless equipments knows as wireless nodes, that vigorously links and transmit information .Wireless nodes can be personal computer with wireless LAN card, Personal digital assistant (PDA) or additional types of wireless or mobile communication equipments. A wireless node in general is any computing device that utilizes the air as broadcasting medium. Fig.1 In this fig we can see there is one base station, through which all the devices like mobiles and laptops are connected. Base station transfers the data to all devices. In MANET, a wireless node can be the basis, the target, or transitional node of data broadcasting . A node playing the task of in between node, functions as a router that can obtain and forward data packets to its near the objective node. The nature of Ad hoc is the reason because of which wireless nodes have a propensity to keep moving in place of being still. Consequently, the network topology alters from time to time. 1.2 WiMAX Worldwide interoperability microwave access includes wireless standards initially formed to give 30- 40 megabit/second data rates and after having 2011 update it allocates up to 1 gigabit/second for stationary stations. It was named WIMAX by WIMAX Forum which started in June 2001 led and forwarded the conformity and interoperability of standard IEEE 802.16 or wireless man advanced is nominee for the 4G, in contest with LTE advanced. 1.3Conditions Related To MANET In this scenario of MANET, there are eight nodes out of which four users are there, three are relay stations and one is base station. 1) When users are fixed- In this the base station is fixed along with relay station and users i.e. the users are fixed on their position and neither move towards the base station nor away from it.
Design And Simulation Of Mobile Ad Hoc Network For Multiple Mobility Management DOI: 10.9790/2834-11127479 www.iosrjournals.org 75 | Page 2) When the users move towards the base station- In this the base station and relay stations are fixed however, the users are in continuous motion towards the base station. Time the user takes to reach to the base station depends on the speed which might be defined by us. It can be changed as per users wish. 3) When the users are moving away from the base station- In this the users are continuously moving away from the base stations but the base and relay stations are fixed. The time taken depends on the speed of the user defined earlier. II. Protocols Used Here we use two protocols the first one is AODV and the other is DSDV. 2.1 Aodv AODV is a routing protocol for Ad hoc mobile networks with many mobile nodes. AODV stands for Ad hoc on demand distance vector. As its name suggests it creates routes on demand by the users. Thus, it is a reactive protocol. The information about the next hop to the destination and the sequence number is obtained from the destination are stored by routing table showing the freshness of information obtained. Furthermore the information about the lively neighbors is collected throughout the discovery of the target host. When the equivalent route breaks, then the neighbors can be notified. The avoidance of source routing decreases the routing burden in a large network. It is the main advantage of AODV. In addition another useful feature of AODV is its application of enlarging ring search to manage the deluge of RREQ (Route Request) packets and look for routes to strange destinations. Along with this it also supplies destination sequence numbers, permitting the nodes to have up to date routes. On the other hand few nodes have to be taken into concern when using AODV. Firstly, it needs bidirectional links and periodic link layer acknowledgements to become aware of broken links. Then, it needs to sustain routing tables for maintenance unlike DSR. 2.2 Dsdv It stands for Destination sequenced distance vector routing. It creates routes automatically and is active all the time. It checks for updates itself without users demand. DSDV requires more data packets than AODV. It adds attributes, sequence number, to each route table entry of the conventional routing information protocol (RIP). Utilizing the initially linked sequence number, the mobile nodes can differentiate stale route information from the latest and thus prevent the formation of routing loops. In DSDV, every mobile node belonging to an ad hoc network sustains a routing table, which registers all existing destinations, the metric and next hop to each destination and a sequence made by the destination node. Using such routing table which is piled up in each mobile node, the packets are broadcasted between the nodes of an ad hoc network. Sporadically routing table is updated with advertisement by nodes on an ad hoc network or when important new information is available to sustain the stability of the routing table with the vigorously altering topology of the ad hoc network. At times or at once when network topology modification are sensed, each mobile node advertises routing information using transmitting or multicasting a routing table update packet. The update packet launch out with a metric of one to direct connected nodes.It shows that each neighbor is at a distance of one metric (hop) from the node. It is dissimilar from that of the conventional algorithm. After having the update packet, routing table is updated by the neighbor with rise in the metric by one and recovery the update packet to the equivalent neighbors of each of them. This process will be go over till all the nodes of Ad hoc network get a copy of the update packet with a equivalent metric. Before updating routing table and retransmitting the update packet for each destination node, the update data is maintained for a short time till the arrival of the best route. If a node obtains more than one update packets for the same destination during waiting time duration, the routes with more fresh sequence numbers are always chosen as the source for packet forwarding decisions. If the update packet with same sequence number is found with the same node, then the update packet with the smallest metric is utilized and the existing route will be deleted or stored as less favorable. Interpreting the advertisement of probably unstable root can moisten the rise and fall of the routing table and decrease the number of retransmission of possible route entries that enter in with same sequence number.
Design And Simulation Of Mobile Ad Hoc Network For Multiple Mobility Management DOI: 10.9790/2834-11127479 www.iosrjournals.org 76 | Page III. Simulation Parameter Table.1 shows simulation parameters and their description. It shows channel type, protocols, packet size and other parameters. IV. Simulation Result The simulation results are shown below. Fig.2 In this fig user are fixed at their position In this figure the red point shows base stations or server, the blue ones are relay stations and green ones are users. We can see in above diagram, users are fixed at their position i.e. they can’t move towards or away from the base station. And black circle indicates the coverage area. Fig. 3 In this fig we can see that the users are moving towards the base station In this figure the red point shows base stations or server, the blue ones are relay stations and green ones are users .We can see in this diagram users are moving towards the base station. And black circle indicates the coverage area. Parameter Description 1.Channel Wireless 2. Radio propagation Two ray ground 3.Network interface Wireless physical 4. Mac type 802.16 5. Interface queue Drop tail/pre queue 6. Antenna type Omni directional 7. Routing protocol AODV & DSDV 8. Packet size 1000 byte 9. Nodes 8 10. Area 500/500
Design And Simulation Of Mobile Ad Hoc Network For Multiple Mobility Management DOI: 10.9790/2834-11127479 www.iosrjournals.org 77 | Page Fig. 4 this graph shows that what happens when the users moving towards the base station in AODV Fig 4 Indicates the graph between the simulation on X-axis and delay time on Y-axis which indicate that the maximum delay of the condition in which user are moving towards the base station for AODV protocol is about 97 µ sec and each vertical red colour line indicates the delay of each packet therefore the total number of lines shoes the number of packet communicated in the network which is design using AODV protocol. Fig.5 this graph shows that what happens when the users moving away from the base station in AODV Fig 5 Indicates the graph between the simulation on X-axis and delay time on Y-axis which indicate that the maximum delay of the condition in which user are moving towards the base station for AODV protocol is about 98 µ sec and each vertical red colour line indicates the delay of each packet therefore the total number of lines shoes the number of packet communicated in the network which is design using AODV protocol. Fig 6 Indicates the graph between the simulation on X-axis and delay time on Y-axis which indicate that the maximum delay of the condition in which user are moving away from the base station for AODV protocol is about 98 µ sec and each vertical red colour line indicates the delay of each packet therefore the total number of lines shoes the number of packet communicated in the network which is design using AODV protocol.
Design And Simulation Of Mobile Ad Hoc Network For Multiple Mobility Management DOI: 10.9790/2834-11127479 www.iosrjournals.org 78 | Page Fig. 6 this graph shows that what happens when the users moving towards the base station in DSDV Table. 2 shows the results for AODV protocol when users are moving towards the base station. Average Throughput 797.6480 kbps Total packet sent 1720 Total packet received 1474 Packet delivery ratio 85.697674 % Packet loss ratio 14.302326 % Table. 3 shows the results for AODV protocol when users are moving away from the base station. Table.4 shows the results for DSDV protocol when users are moving towards the base station Average Throughput 657.1686 kbps Total packet sent 1720 Total packet received 1223 Packet delivery ratio 71.104651 % Packet loss ratio 28.895349 % V. Conclusion From the above all result we can conclude that if the mobile user are fix or moving towards the base station then the signal strength will increase and high signal to noise ratio obtain due to which we got maximum packet delivery and less packet loss for AODV as well as DSDV protocol. But if the mobile user moves away from the base station then the strength of the signal decreases and the result for both the protocols are degrade than other two scenarios. VI. Future Work In the upcoming days we will be able to implement more nodes in MANET. The number of base stat ion, relay station and users would be increased. Recently in this paper I have used AODV and DSDV routing protocols but in future we would be implement by many other protocols. Refrences [1] Mrs.S.Madhurikkha &Dr.R.Sabitha ,Defending against packet dropping attack using DRI & cross checking mechanism in MANET. [2] Zahian Ismail& Rosilah Hassan, Effect of packet size on AODV routing protocol implementation in homogenous and heterogenous manet-2011 [3] S.Mangai & A.Tamilarasi ,Hybrid location aided routing protocol for gps enabled manet clusters-29 Dec 2011 [4] Zhenyu Chen, Lin Guan ,Xingang Wang, Xunli Fan “Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector routing with Backup Route Update Mechanism” IEEE 14TH International Conference On High Performance Computing And Communications 2012. [5] Prabhakar D. Dorge, Sanjay S. Dorle, Megha B. Chakole and Dhiraj K. Thote , “Improvement of QoS in VANET with Different Mobility Patterns” Proceedings of the International Conference on Radar, Communication and Computing (ICRCC 2012), SKP Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai, TN., India. 21 - 22 December, 2012. Average Throughput 1678.0190 kbps Total packet sent 2375 Total packet received 1977 Packet delivery ratio 83.242105 % Packet loss ratio 16.757895 %
Design And Simulation Of Mobile Ad Hoc Network For Multiple Mobility Management DOI: 10.9790/2834-11127479 www.iosrjournals.org 79 | Page [6] Rajan patel& nimisha patel , A comparative study and simulation of AODV & DSDV manet routing protocol in ns2 & ns3- march 2014.

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J011137479

  • 1. IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-ISSN: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 11, Issue 1, Ver. III (Jan. - Feb .2016), PP 74-79 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/2834-11127479 www.iosrjournals.org 74 | Page Design and Simulation of Mobile Ad Hoc Network for Multiple Mobility Management Anubhuti Jain1 , Shashank Mane2 1,2 (Electronics and communication, SBITM Betul, RGPV University Bhopal, India) Abstract: Now a days many countries are facing a serious problem of mobile signal strength. It has also become a major issue in many parts of the world. In order to solve this problem use of MANET (mobile ad hoc network) through WiMAX has popularized. In this paper I will show the complete scenario of MANET network. In this three conditions are included: when the users are fixed, when the users are movable away from the base station and the last one is when the users are movable towards the base station. These three conditions are shown one by one by routing protocol both AODV and DSDV and results are simulated with NS2. Keywords: AODV, Ad hoc network, DSDV, MANET, NS2, Simulation, WiMAX I. Introduction 1.1 Mobile Ad Hoc Network(MANET) Mobile Ad hoc network is a group of wireless equipments knows as wireless nodes, that vigorously links and transmit information .Wireless nodes can be personal computer with wireless LAN card, Personal digital assistant (PDA) or additional types of wireless or mobile communication equipments. A wireless node in general is any computing device that utilizes the air as broadcasting medium. Fig.1 In this fig we can see there is one base station, through which all the devices like mobiles and laptops are connected. Base station transfers the data to all devices. In MANET, a wireless node can be the basis, the target, or transitional node of data broadcasting . A node playing the task of in between node, functions as a router that can obtain and forward data packets to its near the objective node. The nature of Ad hoc is the reason because of which wireless nodes have a propensity to keep moving in place of being still. Consequently, the network topology alters from time to time. 1.2 WiMAX Worldwide interoperability microwave access includes wireless standards initially formed to give 30- 40 megabit/second data rates and after having 2011 update it allocates up to 1 gigabit/second for stationary stations. It was named WIMAX by WIMAX Forum which started in June 2001 led and forwarded the conformity and interoperability of standard IEEE 802.16 or wireless man advanced is nominee for the 4G, in contest with LTE advanced. 1.3Conditions Related To MANET In this scenario of MANET, there are eight nodes out of which four users are there, three are relay stations and one is base station. 1) When users are fixed- In this the base station is fixed along with relay station and users i.e. the users are fixed on their position and neither move towards the base station nor away from it.
  • 2. Design And Simulation Of Mobile Ad Hoc Network For Multiple Mobility Management DOI: 10.9790/2834-11127479 www.iosrjournals.org 75 | Page 2) When the users move towards the base station- In this the base station and relay stations are fixed however, the users are in continuous motion towards the base station. Time the user takes to reach to the base station depends on the speed which might be defined by us. It can be changed as per users wish. 3) When the users are moving away from the base station- In this the users are continuously moving away from the base stations but the base and relay stations are fixed. The time taken depends on the speed of the user defined earlier. II. Protocols Used Here we use two protocols the first one is AODV and the other is DSDV. 2.1 Aodv AODV is a routing protocol for Ad hoc mobile networks with many mobile nodes. AODV stands for Ad hoc on demand distance vector. As its name suggests it creates routes on demand by the users. Thus, it is a reactive protocol. The information about the next hop to the destination and the sequence number is obtained from the destination are stored by routing table showing the freshness of information obtained. Furthermore the information about the lively neighbors is collected throughout the discovery of the target host. When the equivalent route breaks, then the neighbors can be notified. The avoidance of source routing decreases the routing burden in a large network. It is the main advantage of AODV. In addition another useful feature of AODV is its application of enlarging ring search to manage the deluge of RREQ (Route Request) packets and look for routes to strange destinations. Along with this it also supplies destination sequence numbers, permitting the nodes to have up to date routes. On the other hand few nodes have to be taken into concern when using AODV. Firstly, it needs bidirectional links and periodic link layer acknowledgements to become aware of broken links. Then, it needs to sustain routing tables for maintenance unlike DSR. 2.2 Dsdv It stands for Destination sequenced distance vector routing. It creates routes automatically and is active all the time. It checks for updates itself without users demand. DSDV requires more data packets than AODV. It adds attributes, sequence number, to each route table entry of the conventional routing information protocol (RIP). Utilizing the initially linked sequence number, the mobile nodes can differentiate stale route information from the latest and thus prevent the formation of routing loops. In DSDV, every mobile node belonging to an ad hoc network sustains a routing table, which registers all existing destinations, the metric and next hop to each destination and a sequence made by the destination node. Using such routing table which is piled up in each mobile node, the packets are broadcasted between the nodes of an ad hoc network. Sporadically routing table is updated with advertisement by nodes on an ad hoc network or when important new information is available to sustain the stability of the routing table with the vigorously altering topology of the ad hoc network. At times or at once when network topology modification are sensed, each mobile node advertises routing information using transmitting or multicasting a routing table update packet. The update packet launch out with a metric of one to direct connected nodes.It shows that each neighbor is at a distance of one metric (hop) from the node. It is dissimilar from that of the conventional algorithm. After having the update packet, routing table is updated by the neighbor with rise in the metric by one and recovery the update packet to the equivalent neighbors of each of them. This process will be go over till all the nodes of Ad hoc network get a copy of the update packet with a equivalent metric. Before updating routing table and retransmitting the update packet for each destination node, the update data is maintained for a short time till the arrival of the best route. If a node obtains more than one update packets for the same destination during waiting time duration, the routes with more fresh sequence numbers are always chosen as the source for packet forwarding decisions. If the update packet with same sequence number is found with the same node, then the update packet with the smallest metric is utilized and the existing route will be deleted or stored as less favorable. Interpreting the advertisement of probably unstable root can moisten the rise and fall of the routing table and decrease the number of retransmission of possible route entries that enter in with same sequence number.
  • 3. Design And Simulation Of Mobile Ad Hoc Network For Multiple Mobility Management DOI: 10.9790/2834-11127479 www.iosrjournals.org 76 | Page III. Simulation Parameter Table.1 shows simulation parameters and their description. It shows channel type, protocols, packet size and other parameters. IV. Simulation Result The simulation results are shown below. Fig.2 In this fig user are fixed at their position In this figure the red point shows base stations or server, the blue ones are relay stations and green ones are users. We can see in above diagram, users are fixed at their position i.e. they can’t move towards or away from the base station. And black circle indicates the coverage area. Fig. 3 In this fig we can see that the users are moving towards the base station In this figure the red point shows base stations or server, the blue ones are relay stations and green ones are users .We can see in this diagram users are moving towards the base station. And black circle indicates the coverage area. Parameter Description 1.Channel Wireless 2. Radio propagation Two ray ground 3.Network interface Wireless physical 4. Mac type 802.16 5. Interface queue Drop tail/pre queue 6. Antenna type Omni directional 7. Routing protocol AODV & DSDV 8. Packet size 1000 byte 9. Nodes 8 10. Area 500/500
  • 4. Design And Simulation Of Mobile Ad Hoc Network For Multiple Mobility Management DOI: 10.9790/2834-11127479 www.iosrjournals.org 77 | Page Fig. 4 this graph shows that what happens when the users moving towards the base station in AODV Fig 4 Indicates the graph between the simulation on X-axis and delay time on Y-axis which indicate that the maximum delay of the condition in which user are moving towards the base station for AODV protocol is about 97 µ sec and each vertical red colour line indicates the delay of each packet therefore the total number of lines shoes the number of packet communicated in the network which is design using AODV protocol. Fig.5 this graph shows that what happens when the users moving away from the base station in AODV Fig 5 Indicates the graph between the simulation on X-axis and delay time on Y-axis which indicate that the maximum delay of the condition in which user are moving towards the base station for AODV protocol is about 98 µ sec and each vertical red colour line indicates the delay of each packet therefore the total number of lines shoes the number of packet communicated in the network which is design using AODV protocol. Fig 6 Indicates the graph between the simulation on X-axis and delay time on Y-axis which indicate that the maximum delay of the condition in which user are moving away from the base station for AODV protocol is about 98 µ sec and each vertical red colour line indicates the delay of each packet therefore the total number of lines shoes the number of packet communicated in the network which is design using AODV protocol.
  • 5. Design And Simulation Of Mobile Ad Hoc Network For Multiple Mobility Management DOI: 10.9790/2834-11127479 www.iosrjournals.org 78 | Page Fig. 6 this graph shows that what happens when the users moving towards the base station in DSDV Table. 2 shows the results for AODV protocol when users are moving towards the base station. Average Throughput 797.6480 kbps Total packet sent 1720 Total packet received 1474 Packet delivery ratio 85.697674 % Packet loss ratio 14.302326 % Table. 3 shows the results for AODV protocol when users are moving away from the base station. Table.4 shows the results for DSDV protocol when users are moving towards the base station Average Throughput 657.1686 kbps Total packet sent 1720 Total packet received 1223 Packet delivery ratio 71.104651 % Packet loss ratio 28.895349 % V. Conclusion From the above all result we can conclude that if the mobile user are fix or moving towards the base station then the signal strength will increase and high signal to noise ratio obtain due to which we got maximum packet delivery and less packet loss for AODV as well as DSDV protocol. But if the mobile user moves away from the base station then the strength of the signal decreases and the result for both the protocols are degrade than other two scenarios. VI. Future Work In the upcoming days we will be able to implement more nodes in MANET. The number of base stat ion, relay station and users would be increased. Recently in this paper I have used AODV and DSDV routing protocols but in future we would be implement by many other protocols. Refrences [1] Mrs.S.Madhurikkha &Dr.R.Sabitha ,Defending against packet dropping attack using DRI & cross checking mechanism in MANET. [2] Zahian Ismail& Rosilah Hassan, Effect of packet size on AODV routing protocol implementation in homogenous and heterogenous manet-2011 [3] S.Mangai & A.Tamilarasi ,Hybrid location aided routing protocol for gps enabled manet clusters-29 Dec 2011 [4] Zhenyu Chen, Lin Guan ,Xingang Wang, Xunli Fan “Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector routing with Backup Route Update Mechanism” IEEE 14TH International Conference On High Performance Computing And Communications 2012. [5] Prabhakar D. Dorge, Sanjay S. Dorle, Megha B. Chakole and Dhiraj K. Thote , “Improvement of QoS in VANET with Different Mobility Patterns” Proceedings of the International Conference on Radar, Communication and Computing (ICRCC 2012), SKP Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai, TN., India. 21 - 22 December, 2012. Average Throughput 1678.0190 kbps Total packet sent 2375 Total packet received 1977 Packet delivery ratio 83.242105 % Packet loss ratio 16.757895 %
  • 6. Design And Simulation Of Mobile Ad Hoc Network For Multiple Mobility Management DOI: 10.9790/2834-11127479 www.iosrjournals.org 79 | Page [6] Rajan patel& nimisha patel , A comparative study and simulation of AODV & DSDV manet routing protocol in ns2 & ns3- march 2014.