IRJET-E-Waste Management using Robotics
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This document describes a proposed air quality monitoring system for cities using IoT technology. The system would use sensors to measure pollutants, temperature, humidity and air quality index in various locations. The sensor data would be wirelessly transmitted via Wi-Fi modules to a server hosting a website. The website would display the sensor readings in tabular form and provide alerts, news, and surveys about air pollution levels to raise public awareness. The proposed system was intended to be implemented using Arduino boards connected to sensors and ESP8266 Wi-Fi modules to transmit data to a cloud-based server and website.
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![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Air Quality Monitoring System for City: A Review
Pradeep D. Landge1, R.R.Harne2
1Government College of Engineering, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
2Assistant professor, dept. of Electronics, GCOEA, Maharashtra, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Objective of this paper is to design and implement
a system for air quality monitoring using Internet of Things
called as IoT. The model initiates from sensor devices that can
sense, compute, and communicate data in a network. This
study measures real-time PM2.5, temperature, humidity, Air
Quality Index. Monitored data is wirelesslytransmittedviaWi-
Fi module to a server. When the sensor node reads pollutant
gases composition, temperature and humidity it will be
displayed on the website. The monitored data with date and
time can be retrieved as a tabular data for future analysis.
With implementation of this work, precautionaryalertscanbe
given to public on the designed website to wear anti-pollution
mask, change paths while transporting where there ishighair
pollution ensuring high reliability. It will promote the public
awareness about state of air pollution and how much
important it is to reduce it. There will be news, surveys
regarding pollution in different countries, different ways to
reduce air pollution on the website.
Key Words: IoT , Air Quality Index , Cloud ,Wi-Fi node ,
Sensor data , smart City.
1. INTRODUCTION
Air pollution has been common health concern not only for
humans but also for animals, plants, oceans, aquatic life
worldwide. In most of countries air quality monitoring is
done manually via centrally located station. Meanwhile,
many populated areas of the world lack Continuous, long
term air quality measurement. To date, the Geographic
coverage of air quality monitoring networks has been
constrained due to the implementation cost, architecture,
and individual requirements for monitoring stations.
Internet of Things (IoT) has become a very popular
paradigm in the modern wireless communication era. The
basic idea of the IoT is the distribution of all-over “objects”
or “things”, which collects and exchanges data in order to
achieve a common objective by means of mutual
interactions. The networked connection of these physical
objects to the Internet provides accessto monitored remote
sensor data, so that it is possible to control the physical
world from a distance.
A fundamental aspect of the Internet of Things is the
integration with the Cloud infrastructure, which hosts
interfaces and web-based applications that enable the
communication with sensors and external systems [5].
Therefore, the Cloud computinginfrastructuremightprovide
data access and management features, with the aim of
collecting and managing data made available by smart
objects [5].
A real time monitoring of the existence and the
concentration of air pollutantsis necessary,inordertocheck
air quality status and trends. By continuous real time
monitoring of outdoor pollutant levels,IoTmighthelphealth
departments to take the most suitable and effective
decisions in case the environmental conditions become
incompatible with the public health.
In this paper, will present a system for monitoring the air
pollution based on Arduino and will implement a prototype
of this system, deploy it in Dept. of civil Engg. Dept. of
Electronics, Dept. of Computer & IT, college hostel, Main
entrance, Government College of engineering, Amravati.
Moreover, we will design a website on Cloud-basedplatform
that manages data collected from sensors and will display it
on the website. A comparison between five Cloudcomputing
service models will be performed. Finally, will design and
investigate the system performance in terms of long-term
operability, real-time measurementaccuracycomparedwith
nearby stations, and feasibility for application in other
location.
1.1 Literature Review
Some of the existing methodologies for the air pollution
monitoring are described as below, In plug and sense device
method, it Uses multiple sensors with location co-ordinate,
AQI LED indicator is actuated as per pollution level and the
Real time pollution level visualized using line graph [2].In
distributed sensor data computing, it uses distributed
intelligence for the sensor nodes and uses spatial database
for locations [3]. In Arduino based method it uses sensor
devices for data, UsesESP8266 Wi-Fi module forconnection
to server, Uses Node.js and Node RED for displaying data on
the server side [4].In personal assessment methods,
Biochemical dose assessment methods are used Ex
.Biomarkers [5].In ZigBee technology, ZigBee transmitters
and receivers are used, GPS module is used for locations for
pollution level on map [6].
1.2 Proposed System
The proposed system includes Arduino based temperature,
transmitting monitored data to cloud based server. In detail,
the following environmental parameters are collected with
the aim of measuring air pollution levels: Carbon Monoxide
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 521](https://cdn.statically.io/img/image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v5i1110-180312071246/85/IRJET-E-Waste-Management-using-Robotics-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
(CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2),
Methane (CH4), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), Ammonia (NH3),
Particulate Matter (PM), Moreover, Other parameters like
temperature, humidity are measured. In this section, the
implementation of the proposed system is discussed.
Fig -1: System Architecture
Arduino is an open source micro-controller which is used
with other communication and sensing technologies. This
single-board development environment, which allows user
to read uploaded data from sensors and allows to control
different devices. ESP8266 is a low cost Wi-Fi module with
an AT commands library. It allows the Arduino to connect to
the Internet through a Wi-Fi connection.Moreover,ESP8266
has a full TCP/IP protocol stack integrated on the chip.
There are some constraints in terms of resolution. Indeed,
the inputs uploading from analog sensors operate by default
at 10-bit resolution. The on/off switching of the sensors can
be operated remotely according to sensor-based data that
are stored and maintained directly at the Cloud server. The
Arduino collects all the data uploading from sensors and
transmits it to the Cloud server by using the Wi-Fi module
ESP8266, which is mountedonArduinothroughanon-board
serial port.
The data on the cloud server will be displayed location wise.
The designed website will be hosted on the samecloudusing
python programming language. Website will contain the
location wise separate dashboardsandnews,surveysrelated
to air quality etc. will be updated on the website. The
website link will be provided on the college website.
3. CONCLUSIONS
This paper presents the summary of various techniques of
air quality monitoring. These techniques are elaborately
discussed in the paper. In the proposed system, one of the
most preferred technique is cloud based air quality
monitoring system. Using the same cloud data, website is
hosted and data is displayed on the website.
REFERENCES
[1] Gomez Ruiz, Carlos Andres “CleanWiFi- the wireless
network for air quality monitoring and environmental
education in smart cities,” IEEE ITU Kaleidoscope : ICTs
for sustainable world, pp. 1-6, November 2016
[2] Sitaram Tadepalli. “Implementation of a Wi-Fi based
plug and sense device for dedicated air pollution
monitoring using IoT,” Online international conference
on green engineering and technologies, pp. 1-7, Feb,
2016
[3] Wein wang, Suparna de, Xin Huang. “Distributed sensor
data computing in smart city applications,” IEEE
International Symposium on a world of wireless,mobile
and multimedia networks, 2017
[4] Philip Breitgger, Alexander Bergmann, “Air quality and
health effects — how can wireless networkscontribute?
A critical review,” International Conference on
broadband communications for next generation
networks and multimedia applications pages 457-462,
2016
[5] Giovanni B. Fioccola, Raffaele Sommese “Polluino: An
efficient cloud-based management of IoT devices for air
quality monitoring”IEEE 2nd International Forum on
Research and Technologies for Society and Industry
Leveraging a better tomorrow (RTSI), 2016
[6] Philip Breitgger, Alexander Bergmann, “Air quality and
health effects — how can wireless networkscontribute?
A review,”International Conference on broadband
communications for and multimedia applications pages
457-462, 2016.
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 522](https://cdn.statically.io/img/www.slideshare.net/data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
IRJET-E-Waste Management using Robotics
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Air Quality Monitoring System for City: A Review Pradeep D. Landge1, R.R.Harne2 1Government College of Engineering, Amravati, Maharashtra, India 2Assistant professor, dept. of Electronics, GCOEA, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Objective of this paper is to design and implement a system for air quality monitoring using Internet of Things called as IoT. The model initiates from sensor devices that can sense, compute, and communicate data in a network. This study measures real-time PM2.5, temperature, humidity, Air Quality Index. Monitored data is wirelesslytransmittedviaWi- Fi module to a server. When the sensor node reads pollutant gases composition, temperature and humidity it will be displayed on the website. The monitored data with date and time can be retrieved as a tabular data for future analysis. With implementation of this work, precautionaryalertscanbe given to public on the designed website to wear anti-pollution mask, change paths while transporting where there ishighair pollution ensuring high reliability. It will promote the public awareness about state of air pollution and how much important it is to reduce it. There will be news, surveys regarding pollution in different countries, different ways to reduce air pollution on the website. Key Words: IoT , Air Quality Index , Cloud ,Wi-Fi node , Sensor data , smart City. 1. INTRODUCTION Air pollution has been common health concern not only for humans but also for animals, plants, oceans, aquatic life worldwide. In most of countries air quality monitoring is done manually via centrally located station. Meanwhile, many populated areas of the world lack Continuous, long term air quality measurement. To date, the Geographic coverage of air quality monitoring networks has been constrained due to the implementation cost, architecture, and individual requirements for monitoring stations. Internet of Things (IoT) has become a very popular paradigm in the modern wireless communication era. The basic idea of the IoT is the distribution of all-over “objects” or “things”, which collects and exchanges data in order to achieve a common objective by means of mutual interactions. The networked connection of these physical objects to the Internet provides accessto monitored remote sensor data, so that it is possible to control the physical world from a distance. A fundamental aspect of the Internet of Things is the integration with the Cloud infrastructure, which hosts interfaces and web-based applications that enable the communication with sensors and external systems [5]. Therefore, the Cloud computinginfrastructuremightprovide data access and management features, with the aim of collecting and managing data made available by smart objects [5]. A real time monitoring of the existence and the concentration of air pollutantsis necessary,inordertocheck air quality status and trends. By continuous real time monitoring of outdoor pollutant levels,IoTmighthelphealth departments to take the most suitable and effective decisions in case the environmental conditions become incompatible with the public health. In this paper, will present a system for monitoring the air pollution based on Arduino and will implement a prototype of this system, deploy it in Dept. of civil Engg. Dept. of Electronics, Dept. of Computer & IT, college hostel, Main entrance, Government College of engineering, Amravati. Moreover, we will design a website on Cloud-basedplatform that manages data collected from sensors and will display it on the website. A comparison between five Cloudcomputing service models will be performed. Finally, will design and investigate the system performance in terms of long-term operability, real-time measurementaccuracycomparedwith nearby stations, and feasibility for application in other location. 1.1 Literature Review Some of the existing methodologies for the air pollution monitoring are described as below, In plug and sense device method, it Uses multiple sensors with location co-ordinate, AQI LED indicator is actuated as per pollution level and the Real time pollution level visualized using line graph [2].In distributed sensor data computing, it uses distributed intelligence for the sensor nodes and uses spatial database for locations [3]. In Arduino based method it uses sensor devices for data, UsesESP8266 Wi-Fi module forconnection to server, Uses Node.js and Node RED for displaying data on the server side [4].In personal assessment methods, Biochemical dose assessment methods are used Ex .Biomarkers [5].In ZigBee technology, ZigBee transmitters and receivers are used, GPS module is used for locations for pollution level on map [6]. 1.2 Proposed System The proposed system includes Arduino based temperature, transmitting monitored data to cloud based server. In detail, the following environmental parameters are collected with the aim of measuring air pollution levels: Carbon Monoxide © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 521
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Methane (CH4), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), Ammonia (NH3), Particulate Matter (PM), Moreover, Other parameters like temperature, humidity are measured. In this section, the implementation of the proposed system is discussed. Fig -1: System Architecture Arduino is an open source micro-controller which is used with other communication and sensing technologies. This single-board development environment, which allows user to read uploaded data from sensors and allows to control different devices. ESP8266 is a low cost Wi-Fi module with an AT commands library. It allows the Arduino to connect to the Internet through a Wi-Fi connection.Moreover,ESP8266 has a full TCP/IP protocol stack integrated on the chip. There are some constraints in terms of resolution. Indeed, the inputs uploading from analog sensors operate by default at 10-bit resolution. The on/off switching of the sensors can be operated remotely according to sensor-based data that are stored and maintained directly at the Cloud server. The Arduino collects all the data uploading from sensors and transmits it to the Cloud server by using the Wi-Fi module ESP8266, which is mountedonArduinothroughanon-board serial port. The data on the cloud server will be displayed location wise. The designed website will be hosted on the samecloudusing python programming language. Website will contain the location wise separate dashboardsandnews,surveysrelated to air quality etc. will be updated on the website. The website link will be provided on the college website. 3. CONCLUSIONS This paper presents the summary of various techniques of air quality monitoring. These techniques are elaborately discussed in the paper. In the proposed system, one of the most preferred technique is cloud based air quality monitoring system. Using the same cloud data, website is hosted and data is displayed on the website. REFERENCES [1] Gomez Ruiz, Carlos Andres “CleanWiFi- the wireless network for air quality monitoring and environmental education in smart cities,” IEEE ITU Kaleidoscope : ICTs for sustainable world, pp. 1-6, November 2016 [2] Sitaram Tadepalli. “Implementation of a Wi-Fi based plug and sense device for dedicated air pollution monitoring using IoT,” Online international conference on green engineering and technologies, pp. 1-7, Feb, 2016 [3] Wein wang, Suparna de, Xin Huang. “Distributed sensor data computing in smart city applications,” IEEE International Symposium on a world of wireless,mobile and multimedia networks, 2017 [4] Philip Breitgger, Alexander Bergmann, “Air quality and health effects — how can wireless networkscontribute? A critical review,” International Conference on broadband communications for next generation networks and multimedia applications pages 457-462, 2016 [5] Giovanni B. Fioccola, Raffaele Sommese “Polluino: An efficient cloud-based management of IoT devices for air quality monitoring”IEEE 2nd International Forum on Research and Technologies for Society and Industry Leveraging a better tomorrow (RTSI), 2016 [6] Philip Breitgger, Alexander Bergmann, “Air quality and health effects — how can wireless networkscontribute? A review,”International Conference on broadband communications for and multimedia applications pages 457-462, 2016. © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 522