IRJET- An IoT based Low Cost Air Pollution Monitoring System

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | Jan 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 857
An IoT based low cost air pollution monitoring system
M. Prathiba1, V. Phani Bhushan2
1M.Tech student, Dept. Of ECE, PBR Visvodaya Institute of Technology & Sciences, Kavali, SPSR Nellore(Dt)
Andhra Pradesh.
2Associate Professor, Dept. Of ECE, PBR Visvodaya Institute of Technology & Sciences, Kavali, SPSR Nellore(Dt)
Andhra Pradesh.
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Abstract - The extent of air pollution which is brought
about by vehicles or ventures or people are expanding. Soasto
take care of this significant issue, numerous nations and
regions have just exhibited a progression of emanations
norms, in the mean time a few techniques has been created.
Indeed, even there are various techniques to screen the
contamination content; those are a lot of exorbitant that not
every person can adjust those strategies or gadgets. We are
going to make an IoT based Air pollutionchecking framework,
which screens the Air quality over a web server utilizing
Internet and will trigger a caution when the air quality goes
down past a specific edge level, implies when there are
adequate measure of unsafe gases present noticeable all
around like CO, CO2, NO2. It will show the air quality on LCD
and just as on website page with the goal that we can screen
effectively utilizing mobile phone or PC.
Key Words: Air Pollution, IOT(Internet of things), Wifi
module, Gas sensors
1. INTRODUCTION
Over the past quarter century, therehasbeenan exponential
growth of industries. These industries have caused complex
and high problems to the environment. Considering the
importance of air quality on human lives, the planet Health
Organization (WHO) has developed guidelines for reducing
the health effects of pollution on public health by setting the
bounds of the concentrations of varied air pollutants, a
number of which are ground–level ozone (O3), dioxide
(NO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2).The firstandtherefore the
foremost is that the severe environmental pollution which
has caused deterioration of atmosphere, global climate
change, stratospheric ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity,
changes in hydrological systems and therefore the supplies
of water, land degradation and stress on systems of food
producing, acid rain, and heating. Stationary and mobile
sources release various chemical pollutants, including
suspended particulate (SPM), carbon monoxide gas (CO),
oxides of nitrogen (NO), oxides of sulfur (SO), lead aerosol,
volatile organic compounds (VOC), and other toxics. It’s
documented that a numberofthesechemical pollutantshave
increased the occurrence of diseases like carcinoma,
pneumonia, asthma, bronchitis, arteria coronaria disease,
and chronic pulmonary diseases. Hence, there's a growing
demand for the environmental pollution monitoring
systems. In sight of the ever-increasing pollution sources
with a range of toxic chemicals, these systems should have
the facilities to detect and quantifythe sourcesrapidly.Using
laboratory analysis, conventional air automatic monitoring
system has relatively complex equipment technology, huge
bulkiness, unstable operation and high cost. High cost and
enormous volume make it impossible for large-scale
istallation. This technique can only be installed in key
monitoring locations of some key enterprises, thus system
data is unavailable to predict overall pollution situation. To
beat defects of traditional monitoring system and detection
methods and to scale back test cost, this work proposes a
way combining IoT technology with environment
monitoring.
2. RELATED WORK
Monitoring environmental conditions in homes are
inspected in [4]. A framework is proposed by author to
watch temperature, humidity and lightweight intensity,
which is predicated on a mixture of pervasive distributed
sensing units, data system for data aggregation, and
reasoning and context awareness. The reliability of the
sensing information is encouraging. Several monitoring
system are proposed recently for environmental pollution
monitoring. While, number of monitoring systems are
specific for monitoring of CO2 (carbon-dioxide). In [5] a
monitoring system is developed which provides the
concentration of Carbon-di-oxideofremotearea.Thesystem
also reports various parameters like temperature,
humidity and lightweight intensity of the outdoor
monitoring area. Similarly, an urban CO2 monitoringsystem
presented by author in [6]. The system operates outdoor at
an populated area around 100 square kilometers. To watch
volatile organic compounds pollution levels in indoor
environments a low-power ZigBee sensor network is
proposed in [7]. A WSN based systemispresentedforindoor
and outdoor air quality monitoring in [8]. An array of
sensors is present at each one node which is connected to
the innermost monitoring unit either hardwired or
wirelessly.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
A prototype for an Environmental pollution Monitoring
System for monitoring the concentrations of major air
pollutant gases has been developed. The system uses low
cost air-quality monitoring nodes comprises of low cost
semiconductor gas sensor with Wi-Fi modules. This
technique measures concentrations of gases like CO, CO2

and No2 using semiconductor sensors. The sensors will
gather the info of varied environmental parameters and
supply it to micro controller which act as a base station.
Realization of knowledge gathered by sensors is displayed
on based Web server by using IoT. The elemental aspect of
proposed work is to supply low cost infrastructureto enable
the info collection and monitoring the pollution levels.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig -1: Block diagram of proposed system
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
 Wi-Fi Module
 Micro Controller - Arm7
 Sensors – Co,Co2,No2
 LCD
 Buzzer
 Power Supply Unit
 Miscellaneous Components
Arm7 Processor
ARM 7 processor is an electronic model usedasa connecting
and as well as control link between the devices that areto be
controlled. A controller is employed which can be a cellular
device or a computer with internet connectivity. A Wi-Fi
module is in use which connects the ARM 7 processor to the
virtual server.
MQ-135 Gas Sensor
The MQ-135 gas sensor senses the gases like ammonia
nitrogen, oxygen, alcohols, aromatic compounds,sulfideand
smoke. The boost converter of the chip MQ-3 gas sensor is
PT1301. The operating voltage of this gas sensor is from
2.5V to 5.0V. The MQ-3 gas sensor features a lower
conductivity to wash the air as a gas sensing material within
the atmosphere we will find polluting gases, but the
conductivity of gas sensor increases as the concentration of
polluting gas increases. MQ-135 gas sensor are often
implemented to detect the smoke, benzene, steamandother
harmful gases. It's potential to detect different harmful
gases. The MQ-135 gas sensor is low cost to get. The
essential image of the MQ-135 sensor is shown within the
below figure.
Fig -2: MQ135 gas sensor
MQ7 Sensor
MQ-7 carbon monoxide gas fuel Sensor Module detects the
concentrations of CO within the air and outputs its reading
as an analog voltage. The sensorcanmeasureconcentrations
of 10 to 10,000 ppm. The sensorcanoperateattemperatures
from 10 to 50°C and consumes not up to 150 mA at 5 V. This
module provides both digital and analog outputs. The
intensity for digital output is often easily adjusted using the
preset on the board. The MQ-7 sensor module are often
easily interfaced with any Micro-controllers like Arduino,
arm7 etc.
MQ2 gas sensor
MQ2 is one among the commonly used gas sensors in MQ
sensor series. It's a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) type
gas Sensor which is also known as Chemi-resistors as the
detection is predicated up on change of resistance of the
sensing material when the gas comes in touch with the
corresponding fabric. Employing a simple potential divider
network, concentrations of gas are often detected.

WI-FI Module
HLK-RM04 may be a new low-cost embedded UART-ETH-
WIFI module (serial port - Ethernet - Wireless network)
developed by Shenzhen Hi-Link Electronic co., Ltd. This
product is an embedded module supported the universal
serial interface network standard, built-in TCP / IP protocol
stack, enabling the user interface, Ethernet, wireless
network interface between the conversions. Through the
HLK-RM04 module, the normal serial devices don't go to
change any configuration; data are often transmitted
through the web network. It provides a fast solution for the
user’s serial devices to transmit data via Ethernet.
Fig -5: UART wifi Module
SOFTWARE
Using KEIL μ vision software the specified program is made,
executed then flashed into ARM 7 processor using UART
Bridge. Embedded C is employed and used as coding
language. Here UART Bridge was used to transfer data from
PC to processor in sequence. Flash magic software is
employed for flashing of program. ARM7 processor starts
when the facility power supply is given thereto.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The proposed hardware setup was successfully measured
the gases and display on LCD screen and webpage. After
sensing the information from totally distinct devices, which
we are placed specially area unit of interest. The perceived
information are going to be mechanically sent to the local
server, once an accurate connection is established with
device and server, web page provides the knowledge
regarding the intensity of CO2, CO, NO2 level variations
during this specific region, wherever the embedded
monitoring system is placed.
Fig -6: Hardware setup displaying parameters on LCD
We have to attach the Wi-Fi of your ESP8266 device first
before uploading the code. After uploading, we'll open the
serial monitor and it'll display the IP address. Type the
corresponding IP address in your browser, it'll showyouthe
output as shown below. You'll need to refreshthepageagain
if you would like to determine the present Air Quality Value.
We've setup an area server to demonstrate its working, but
to watch the air quality from anywhere within the world,
we'd like to forward the port 80 (used for HTTP or internet)
to our local or private IP address (192.168*) of our device.
After port forwarding all the incomingconnectionsaregoing
to be forwarded to the present local address and you'll open
webpage by just entering the general public IP address of
your internet from anywhere. We will forward the port by
logging into your router (192.168.1.1) and that we can find
the choice to setup the port forwarding.
Fig -7: Monitoring gas levels on webpage through mobile
5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
By keeping the embedded devices within the environment
for monitoring enables self protection (i.e., smart
environment) to the environment. To implement this got to
deploy the sensor devices within the environment for
collecting the info and analysis. By deploying sensor devices
within the environment, we will bring the environment into
real world i.e. it can interact with other objects through the
network. Then the collected data and analysis results are
going to be available to the top user through the Wi-Fi.
Hence we conclude our project proposal is all about for the
beneficiary to the peoples in our society to stop themselves

from the hazardous gas. The future scope is that device
which we are having are often wiped out an compact way by
reducing the proportions of the device for further
implementation or the modifications which may be is that
detecting the vehicles amount of pollution which may be
determined. In future the range are often made increased
consistent with the bandwidth for the high range
frequencies. Further researches are often made by making
the people within the right direction for his or her welfare.
Therefore there's another beneficiary by using thisdevice in
an app therefore the all are often utilized in an GSM mobile
phones for his or her daily updates by increasing theirrange
REFERENCES
[1] WHO, “Global ecological Change,” World Health
Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005.
[2] Air supply Management Centre, “Vehicle-related air
pollutant and community health,” Ministry of Environment
and Natural Resources, Sri Lanka, May 2003, pp. 6–11.
[3] Urban Air Quality Management Project, “crash of fuel
changes on wear out and evaporativeemissions,”Ministryof
Environment and Natural Resources, Sri Lanka, May 2003,
pp. 75–85.
[4] S. Kelly, N. Suryadevara, and S.Mukhopadhyay,“Towards
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[6] X. Mao, X. Miao, Y. He, X.-Y. Li, and Y. Liu, “CitySee: Urban
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