IRJET- Air Quality and Dust Level Monitoring using IoT

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1410
Air Quality and Dust Level Monitoring using IoT
Akshatha S1, Jayaram M N2
1Post Graduate Scholar, Dept. of ECE, JSS STU
2Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE, JSS STU, India
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Abstract - Air pollution is the largest environmental and
public health challenge in the world today. Air pollution leads
to adverse effects on human health, climateandecosystem. Air
is getting polluted because of release of toxic gases by
industries, vehicular emissions and increasedconcentrationof
harmful gases and particulate matter in the atmosphere. This
paper presents a real-time standalone air quality monitoring
system that can detect carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
temperature, humidity and dust. Nowadays, Internetofthings
finding pro-found use in each sector. IoT playsakeyrolein our
air quality monitoring system too. Internet of things
converging with cloud computing offers a novel technique for
better management of data coming from different sensors
collected by Node MCU transmitted by lowpower, lowcostWi-
Fi module. The main objective of the paper is to use various
sensors and server to design an efficientairqualitymonitoring
system without effecting the natural environmentandprovide
live updates to avoid conflicts.
Key Words: Internet of things (IoT), Node MCU
(Microcontroller Unit), Blynk.
1. INTRODUCTION
Air pollution is caused due to the presence of particulate
matter, harmful materials and biological molecules in earth
atmosphere. It has adverse impact on living organisms such
as humans, animals, food crops and can also damage built a
natural environment. It may result in allergies, harmful
diseases such as cardio vascular diseases,lungsdiseasesand
can also cause death [1-5].
The report has estimated that every year nearly 1.2
million Indian die because of air borne pollutants [16].
Particulate matter is liquid or solid matter which is
microscopic and suspended in earth's atmosphere. We are
exposed to this particulate matter which is continuously
affecting our heart and lungs [6-8]. Air quality in India is so
poor that 1.2 million deaths in the country last year can be
attributed to air pollution. At least 12.5% of deaths in 2018,
or one in eight, can be attributed to unusually high rates of
lower respiratory infections, heart diseases, stroke, lung
cancer and diabetes, which are results ofsevereairpollution
in a certain percentage of cases. Out of the 1.2 million who
died from air pollution related causes, 51.4% were younger
than 70 years old [9,10].
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept which hasattracted
the attention of both academia and industry. Internet of
Things (IoT) is implemented as a network of interconnected
objects, each of which can be addressed using unique id and
communicates based on the standard communication
protocols [11-14]. Cloud computing is a practice of
consuming the resource of remote servers such as storage,
virtual machines, applicationsandutilitiesthatarehosted on
internet rather than building and maintaininginfrastructure
for computing in house. Internet of Things becomes very
powerful when converges with cloud computing[15,16]. Air
quality monitoring without knowing the concentration of
particulate matter in the atmosphere is incomplete.
Formaldehyde concentration measurement sensoranddust
sensor is being used for monitoring the particulate matter
along with the sensors employed for sensing carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity and
barometric air pressure and dust in air using Node MCU is
low power less expensive, it is a good platform for
interfacing with many devices at the same time.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Air quality monitoring system (AQMS) which is basedonthe
IEEE/ISO/IEC21451standardconcentrationsofCO,CO2,SO2
and NO2, were measuredusingelector-chemical andinfrared
sensors and the results are saved in the data server [1]. A
comparative study on smart sensors, objects, devices and
things in internet of things. The differences and similarities
between the smart objects, smartthingsinIoTarepresented
in the tabular form [2].
The Web of Things is a concept that uses web
standards and architecture as a framework for IoT
applications. Web of things and CoAP protocol is used to
collect data from the sensors [3]. An embedded system is
used to sense and collect data from the sensors, results are
stored in the MySQL database whenever the relevant
information is required [4]. The semiconductor sensor was
used to monitor the ozone concentration that was installed
near the photocopy machine. Whenthepollutionexceeds the
predefined threshold value the warning is generated [5]. An
environmental parameter with amperometry sensors and
gas sensors (infrared) using the pic18f87k22 micro-
controller. Sensor nodes are setup in the different areas for
real time monitoring of environment and the results are
displayed on the city map [6]. A business intelligence engine
(APA) is proposed. The system is designed to aware the
public about the quality of air being affected by different
factors like pollutants, toxic gases etc. Analysis of air
pollution fromdifferentperspectivelikemeteorological data,
pollutants and traffic data using APA is done. The system
helps the people to realize their activities impact on

deteriorating air quality [7]. A system for monitoring the
environmental parameters, model and manipulating
microclimate of urban areas is presented. The system is
implemented for the adaption of efficient urban
infrastructure after analysis of urban micro-climate [8]. The
framework for monitoring the city environmentisprovided.
Low cost raspberry pi is used for implanting the system.
Parameters like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
temperature and pressure are measured but no emphasis is
given on particulate matter which left the environment
monitoring incomplete [9]. A system for measurement and
acquisition of data of water and air quality parameters and
results are shown on IBM WATSON IOT platform. The
system is battery powered with solar panel based charger
unit [10]. Collected air quality data from different cities of
south Africa. Machine learning technique was applied to the
data and prediction models were generated for groundlevel
ozone [11]. The acquired information about air pollution in
surroundings is then stored on central on-line repository
system periodically. It uses a wireless GSM modem
connection for transferring data to a central computer. Also,
the application can share the data publiclybydisplayingiton
a dedicated website [12]. A wireless sensor network to
monitor air pollution levels of various pollutants due to
environmental changes. A wireless network iscomprising of
large number of sensor nodes. This system proposes a
method which mainly focuses on longer sustain time period
of sensor network by effectively managing the energy in
sensor network, effectively processing of collected
information and less overhead in transferring information
between various sensor nodes [13]. In order to comply with
requirements of oil and gas industry, an air quality
monitoring system was proposed based on ZigBee wireless
sensing technology. It uses ZigBee wireless network to send
results to the monitoring center so that, if some abnormal
situations happen, a quick warning will be generated to
remind staff [14]. How road traffic is responsible to the
pollution and its effects on the environmentisproposed.The
monitoring period was chosen to cover a period of street
closures and hence attempt to isolate some of the traffic
related pollutants. Traffic flow information wasavailablefor
the area, from which traffic emissiondata wasusedtotest an
integrated model for street canyon pollution [15].
3. METHODOLOGY
The model was designed using Node MCU, formaldehyde
sensor, dust sensor, DHT22 sensor and Organic Light-
emitting diode (OLED) display. Fig. 1 shows the functional
block diagram. Node MCU is the major node controlling our
system. The sensors are being used for detecting different
environmental parameters like particulate matter, carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, temperature, humidity and
pressure. The sensors are connected to Node MCU board.
The data sensed by the sensorsarecontinuouslytransmitted
through Wi-Fi module to the cloud over theinternetbecause
of its good network connectivity. Formaldehyde
concentration measurement sensor and dust sensors are
used for measuring the particulate matter i.e. Smoke and
dust present in our Environment these two sensors having
the digital serial communication outputs.Thefanisplacedin
between the formaldehyde sensor and dust sensor. The fan
absorbs the gases and dust present in the air and passed to
the sensor. The sensors detect either gases or dust particles
present in the air and displays the output in OLED display.
Fig. 1: Block Diagram of proposed system
NodeMCUisa low-costmicrocontrollerboardbased
on atmega-328p which can be easily interfaced with Wi-Fi
module. This Wi-Fi module provides the internet to the
complete system. The light weight protocol MQTT (message
queuing telemetry transport). MQTTplaysanimportantrole
in establishing communication between the sensors and the
clients. The client can access the data that is being displayed
on the android app by using the device id but the client will
be not able to do any modification to the data received. The
design specification of the proposed system is described in
Table 1.
Table 1: The Design Specification
S/N Components Required Quantity
1 Node MCU 1
2 OLED display 1
3 CH2O sensor 1
4 DHT22 sensor 1
5 Dust sensor 1
6 Logic converter 1
7 Fan 1
8 7805 Regulator 2
9 Capacitor 3
10 Resistor 2

11 Bridge Rectifier 1
12 Connecting Wires Any Amount
13 PCB Board 1
As described by Fig. 2, the library in the Arduino was loaded
to the Node MCU and a message was sent to the OLED. Air
quality data was collected using the dust, formaldehyde,
temperature and humidity sensor. The calibrated sensor
made the analog output voltage proportional to the
concentration of polluting gases in Parts per Million (ppm).
The Wi-Fi module transfers the measured data value to the
server via internet. The Wi-Fi module is configured to
transfer measured data an application on a remote server.
The online application provides global access to measured
data via any device that has internet connection capabilities.
Data collected from the sensor was converted into a string
and used to update the information sent to the remote
server. The data is displayed in the OLED and the Blynk app
simultaneously.
Fig. 2: Flow Chart of Proposed System
A. Implementation:
From the implementation analysis, we can able to build
flourishing system that monitors the pollution causing
parameters and make reliable and pollution free
environment. This project is donekeepinginmindthesmall-
scale industries and henceit isaffordable. Sensingsystemsin
the environment itself will considerably raise the degree of
environmental protection.
Fig. 3: Implementation view
4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
To verify and validate the proposed system, series of trials
were taken and the graph was plotted according to the
values.
Fig. 4: Air quality in formaldehyde sensor
Fig. 4 shows that the variation in formaldehyde with
variation of temperature. According to AQI if the ppm level
of formaldehyde is between 2 to 5 then air quality level in
environment is poor. From our research, we can see that air
quality of the environment is between 0.02 to 0.17. This
range of value shows that the surrounding environment is
free from pollution and we can also observe that as
temperature increases formaldehyde concentration
automatically decreases.

Fig. 5: Air quality in dust sensor
Fig. 5 shows that the dust level in the environment with
respect to variation in temperature. According to our
readings taken from sensors as temperature increases at
certain temperature the dust level reaches maximum limit
later dust level decreases continuously with respect to
temperature. This maintains air quality level.
Fig. 6: Humidity in RH
Fig. 6 shows the humidity in the atmosphere based on
temperature variation. As temperature in atmosphere
increases with time humidity level automatically reduces as
shown in figure 6.
Fig. 7: Air Quality Dependency on Temperature Variation
The result of Fig. 7 shows the variations in the atmosphere
temperature leads in variation of formaldehyde, dust and
humidity. So, from the results we can clearly notice that the
atmospheric air quality is considerably good based on the
results tabulated.
Fig. 8: Results in Blynk app
5. CONCLUSION
In this paper, an air quality and dust level monitoringsystem
is presented. The concentration of formaldehyde sensor,
dust sensor, temperature and humidity pollution in an
environment is observed. The sensor outputispushedtothe
server and displayed in O-led display as well as in the
application. It is successfully implemented as real time
system.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thankful to Arun Kumar C, L&T Technology Services,
Mysuru for supporting me in understanding the research
concept and helped me throughout the project.
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IRJET- Air Quality and Dust Level Monitoring using IoT