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IR based railway track fault detection system

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IR based railway track fault detection system using GSM/GPS sytem presentationIR based railway track fault detection sysgftem

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IR BASED RAILWAY TRACK FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM (MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION MINI PROJECT) Done by: Reddy Purna Teja 17-14-007 Udayshankar Reddy 17-14-008 Disharna Das 17-14-009 PROJECT GUIDED BY DR. GAURAV BAGHEL SIR
AIM :  37. We are accustomed to the fact that railway tracks need to be inspected every now and then. Generally manual methods are used to ensure the results are trustworthy. Can we design an IR-based system that can electronically verify if both the rails of the track are at expected position or not?
CONTENTS: 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Proposed Plan 4. Block Diagram 5. Microcontroller 6. IR Sensor Module 7. GPS 8. GSM 9. Power Supply Section 10. Advantages 11. Minor Setbacks 12. Future Enhancements 13. Conclusion 14. References
ABSTRACT:  The main objective of this project is to provide an IR based railway track fault detection system.  Railway track damage status is monitored by the sensor and transfered through wireless modules.  For easy surveying and with less delay the information can be send to the authority.  Toavoid accidents and to safeguard the passengers.
INTRODUCTION:  India is the fourth largest railway network in the world having a track length of 115,000 Kilometers  Indian railway carries over 8,900 million passengers annually or more than 24 million passengers daily  In spite of this, so many accidents occur on a daily basis.
 90% of them are due to the cracks on the rails either due to the natural causes or due to the antisocial elements.  So we need a system to monitor the geometry of the track in the most cost effective way.
PROPOSED PLAN  In this, the fault in railway track is automatically detected without any human intervention.  IR sensor is used to find the cracks and damage of tracks.  GPS and GSM systems are used to locate the fault & send information to the control room.  Motors are used to drive the system.  This system ensures a very accurate detection and accurate output.
Micro-controller IR Sensor GSMGPSPower supply LCD Display Motor1 Motor2 Relay PowerSupply BLOCK DIAGRAM :
 The block diagram of the system consists of microcontroller, IR transmitter, IR receiver, dc motor, relay, interfacing IC, GPS, GSM and LCD display.  The microcontroller does all the controlling and coordinating actions of the entire system.  Infrared sensor is used for sensing the presence of cracks.  The GPS find the location of damage in track and GSM is used to send information about the fault.  LCD is used to display the damage status. BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION:
MICROCONTROLLER(ARDUINO UNO): Microcontroller ATmega328P – 8 bit AVR family microcontroller Recommended Input Voltage 7-12V Input Voltage Limits 6-20V Analog Input Pins 6 (A0 – A5) Digital I/O Pins 14 (Out of which 6 provide PWM output) MICROCONTROLLER(ARDUINO UNO):
IR SENSOR MODULE:  IR LED+ Photo diode(PD) called as IR pair or Photo coupler Produces the corresponding output It is sensed by voltage comparator Voltage drop across it changes Resistance of diode changes with IR falling on it Photo diode senses it IR LD emits IR
GPS:  Space-based satellite navigation system  Contain a GPS receiver with receiving antenna  Require unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.  It receives the location details and transmitted to pic through TXpin.
GSM:  GSM is used to send the message to authorities  When fault is detected GSM gets the information from PIC  GSM sends the data to the predefinednumber  The working of GSM is completely controlled by the microcontroller
POWER SUPPLY SECTION:  Power supply circuit provides two supply voltages 12V and 5V DC.  The battery is charged to 12v by means of a SOLAR panel or by means of a charging circuit which consists of step-down transformer, bridge circuit package and capacitor for filtering  The 12 V DC from battery is taken to the components wherever the 12V DC supply is required  This 12V DC is then regulated to a constant 5V DC by means of a regulator IC LM7805
 Its cost is very low.  Very accurate detection.  It also checks surface and near surface of the crackingposition.  Immediate transmission of signals.  Gate level controller.  Reduced rate of accidents. ADVANTAGES
 In this project, we are using GSM/GPS and IR sensors for detecting the cracks in the railway track.  In future, we will also be using the CCTV systems with IP based camera for monitoring the visual videos captured from the track.  It will also increase the security for the both rails and passengers from terrorism, and mob-crime. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS:
 This project is a cost effective way of implementing a fault detection system.  Monitoring and manual maintenance is very difficult and takes more time.  To avoid delays, our proposed system immediately notifies and informs the current train coming on the track through wireless medium. CONCLUSION :
[1]Md. Reya Shad Azimi 1 ,Khizr Mahmud 2 and C. K. Das . “Automatic Train Track Switching System with Computerized Control from the Central Monitoring Unit , International Journal Vol 7(1) pages 201-214,2014. [2]Anand Kr. Gupta et.al , “Railway Track Finding System with RFID Application”, International Journal. [3]Rajkumar et.al , “GPS and Ethernet based real time train tracking system”, Advanced Electronics Electronic Systems(ICAES) international conference , IEEE explore digital library, pages 282-286, 21-23 sept, 2013. References:
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IR based railway track fault detection system

  • 1. IR BASED RAILWAY TRACK FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM (MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION MINI PROJECT) Done by: Reddy Purna Teja 17-14-007 Udayshankar Reddy 17-14-008 Disharna Das 17-14-009 PROJECT GUIDED BY DR. GAURAV BAGHEL SIR
  • 2. AIM :  37. We are accustomed to the fact that railway tracks need to be inspected every now and then. Generally manual methods are used to ensure the results are trustworthy. Can we design an IR-based system that can electronically verify if both the rails of the track are at expected position or not?
  • 3. CONTENTS: 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Proposed Plan 4. Block Diagram 5. Microcontroller 6. IR Sensor Module 7. GPS 8. GSM 9. Power Supply Section 10. Advantages 11. Minor Setbacks 12. Future Enhancements 13. Conclusion 14. References
  • 4. ABSTRACT:  The main objective of this project is to provide an IR based railway track fault detection system.  Railway track damage status is monitored by the sensor and transfered through wireless modules.  For easy surveying and with less delay the information can be send to the authority.  Toavoid accidents and to safeguard the passengers.
  • 5. INTRODUCTION:  India is the fourth largest railway network in the world having a track length of 115,000 Kilometers  Indian railway carries over 8,900 million passengers annually or more than 24 million passengers daily  In spite of this, so many accidents occur on a daily basis.
  • 6.  90% of them are due to the cracks on the rails either due to the natural causes or due to the antisocial elements.  So we need a system to monitor the geometry of the track in the most cost effective way.
  • 7. PROPOSED PLAN  In this, the fault in railway track is automatically detected without any human intervention.  IR sensor is used to find the cracks and damage of tracks.  GPS and GSM systems are used to locate the fault & send information to the control room.  Motors are used to drive the system.  This system ensures a very accurate detection and accurate output.
  • 9.  The block diagram of the system consists of microcontroller, IR transmitter, IR receiver, dc motor, relay, interfacing IC, GPS, GSM and LCD display.  The microcontroller does all the controlling and coordinating actions of the entire system.  Infrared sensor is used for sensing the presence of cracks.  The GPS find the location of damage in track and GSM is used to send information about the fault.  LCD is used to display the damage status. BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION:
  • 10. MICROCONTROLLER(ARDUINO UNO): Microcontroller ATmega328P – 8 bit AVR family microcontroller Recommended Input Voltage 7-12V Input Voltage Limits 6-20V Analog Input Pins 6 (A0 – A5) Digital I/O Pins 14 (Out of which 6 provide PWM output) MICROCONTROLLER(ARDUINO UNO):
  • 11. IR SENSOR MODULE:  IR LED+ Photo diode(PD) called as IR pair or Photo coupler Produces the corresponding output It is sensed by voltage comparator Voltage drop across it changes Resistance of diode changes with IR falling on it Photo diode senses it IR LD emits IR
  • 12. GPS:  Space-based satellite navigation system  Contain a GPS receiver with receiving antenna  Require unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.  It receives the location details and transmitted to pic through TXpin.
  • 13. GSM:  GSM is used to send the message to authorities  When fault is detected GSM gets the information from PIC  GSM sends the data to the predefinednumber  The working of GSM is completely controlled by the microcontroller
  • 14. POWER SUPPLY SECTION:  Power supply circuit provides two supply voltages 12V and 5V DC.  The battery is charged to 12v by means of a SOLAR panel or by means of a charging circuit which consists of step-down transformer, bridge circuit package and capacitor for filtering  The 12 V DC from battery is taken to the components wherever the 12V DC supply is required  This 12V DC is then regulated to a constant 5V DC by means of a regulator IC LM7805
  • 15.  Its cost is very low.  Very accurate detection.  It also checks surface and near surface of the crackingposition.  Immediate transmission of signals.  Gate level controller.  Reduced rate of accidents. ADVANTAGES
  • 16.  In this project, we are using GSM/GPS and IR sensors for detecting the cracks in the railway track.  In future, we will also be using the CCTV systems with IP based camera for monitoring the visual videos captured from the track.  It will also increase the security for the both rails and passengers from terrorism, and mob-crime. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS:
  • 17.  This project is a cost effective way of implementing a fault detection system.  Monitoring and manual maintenance is very difficult and takes more time.  To avoid delays, our proposed system immediately notifies and informs the current train coming on the track through wireless medium. CONCLUSION :
  • 18. [1]Md. Reya Shad Azimi 1 ,Khizr Mahmud 2 and C. K. Das . “Automatic Train Track Switching System with Computerized Control from the Central Monitoring Unit , International Journal Vol 7(1) pages 201-214,2014. [2]Anand Kr. Gupta et.al , “Railway Track Finding System with RFID Application”, International Journal. [3]Rajkumar et.al , “GPS and Ethernet based real time train tracking system”, Advanced Electronics Electronic Systems(ICAES) international conference , IEEE explore digital library, pages 282-286, 21-23 sept, 2013. References: