Electronics for the Internet of Things
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
4 likes•2,428 views
The document provides an overview of key concepts for electronics in the Internet of Things, including: - Analog and digital signals can be represented by varying the number of bits per sample. More bits provide a more accurate digital representation of an analog signal. - Microcontrollers have limited capabilities compared to computers, with small memory and ability to run single programs, but are useful for controlling hardware. Computers run full operating systems and can perform high-speed processing. - Key concepts covered include electricity equations, general purpose input/output (GPIO) pins that can act as voltage sources or meters, pulse width modulation (PWM) for functions like LED dimming, and analog to digital converters (ADCs) for measuring analog
Report
Share
Electronics for the Internet of Things
- 1. Electronics for the Internet of Things SUMMER SCHOOL
- 2. Outline Electronic Signals Electricity Equations General Purpose Input / Output (GPIO) Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Analog to Digital Converters (ADC) Microcontrollers and Computers Questions 2
- 4. Analog and Digital We can only store digital signals ◦ Using 1 or several bits / sample We store an array of numbers Parameters ◦ Bits per sample ◦ Sampling rate 4 Image from http://www.centerpointaudio.com/Analog-VS-Digital.aspx
- 5. Bits per sample 1 bit signals sample ◦ Values LOW (0) and HIGH (1) ◦ digital n bits signals sample ◦ Values 0 .. 2n-1 ◦ digital representation of an analog signal (analog) 5 Image from http://www.centerpointaudio.com/Analog-VS-Digital.aspx
- 6. Sampling Sensor signals are analog 6 Image from http://www.snotmonkey.com/work/school/405/overview.html
- 7. Sampling Rate The faster we sample the higher the accuracy Nyquist Theorem ◦ Sampling frequency >= 2 x maximum frequency Voice is 0.3 .. 3.4 KHz ◦ 8KHz phone 7 Image from http://www.jazzpoparkisto.net/audio/audio32.html
- 8. Electricity Equations 8 I = U R kik å = 0 kEk å = kR kIk å
- 9. Ohm’s Law 9 I = U R I = 3V 10W+50W+ 60W = 0.025A = 25mA
- 10. Kirchhoff Law I 10 kik å = 0 - 1I + 2I + 3I = 0
- 11. Kirchhoff’s Law II 11 kEk å = kR kIk å 1L : E = 1I 1R + 3I 3R 2L :0 = 2I 2R - 3I 3R
- 12. Voltage Divider 12 1V + 2V = inV 1V = I 1R 2V = outV = I 2R We measure Vout
- 13. Voltage Divider 13 1R = 0 outV = ?
- 14. Voltage Divider 14 1R =¥ outV = ?
- 15. Voltage Divider 15 2R = 0 outV = ?
- 16. Voltage Divider 16 2R =¥ outV = ?
- 17. Voltage Divider 17 1R = 0 2R = 0 outV = ?
- 18. Voltage Divider 18 1R = 0 2R = 0 outV = ? Short circuit
- 19. General Purpose Input / Output 19
- 20. Output and Input Digital Pins ◦ Value LOW (0) or HIGH (1) Each pin acts like a ◦ battery (OUTPUT) ◦ voltage meter (INPUT) 20
- 21. Output Pins act like a battery ◦ LOW – 0V ◦ HIGH – 5V, 3.3V or 1.8V 21
- 22. Input We measure Vout ◦ It goes into the pin 22
- 24. Pulse Width We set the % of “high” cycle ◦ 0 – 0% ◦ 255 – 100% ◦ Depends on the library Implementation ◦ Hardware ◦ Software Usage ◦ LED dimming ◦ Servo Motors 24
- 26. Analog and Digital Converters Measure voltage Parameters ◦ Bits per sample ◦ Sampling rate For 1 bit we have … 26 Image from http://www.centerpointaudio.com/Analog-VS-Digital.aspx
- 27. Analog and Digital Converters Measure voltage Parameters ◦ Bits per sample ◦ Sampling rate For 1 bit we have … ◦ GPIO Input 27 Image from http://www.centerpointaudio.com/Analog-VS-Digital.aspx
- 28. Analog and Digital Converters Measure voltage Parameters ◦ Bits per sample ◦ Sampling rate For 1 bit we have … ◦ GPIO Input 28 Image from http://www.centerpointaudio.com/Analog-VS-Digital.aspx
- 29. Analog and Digital Converters Measure voltage Parameters ◦ Bits per sample ◦ Sampling rate For 1 bit we have … ◦ GPIO Input For n bits we have … 29 Image from http://www.centerpointaudio.com/Analog-VS-Digital.aspx
- 30. Analog and Digital Converters Measure voltage Parameters ◦ Bits per sample ◦ Sampling rate For 1 bit we have … ◦ GPIO Input For n bits we have … ◦ 0 – 2n-1 30 Image from http://www.centerpointaudio.com/Analog-VS-Digital.aspx
- 31. Analog and Digital Converters One ADC Multiplexed ◦ Reads for A0 ◦ Reads for A1 ◦ Reads for A2 ◦ Reads for A3 … 31 Image from http://www.centerpointaudio.com/Analog-VS-Digital.aspx
- 33. Microcontrollers and Computers Simple systems Control hardware Low speeds Small memory GPIO PWM ADC Run single software Full CPUs High speeds Large memory GPIO Run OS
- 34. Microcontrollers and computers Firmware Software
- 35. Intel® Edison Firmware (will be available) Software
- 36. Questions? 36