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Introduction to powershell

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Salaudeen Rajack

This document provides an introduction to PowerShell, including what PowerShell is, how it addresses security issues with existing scripting languages, basic commands and features like cmdlets, variables, pipelines, operators, and functions. It also covers topics like exporting, importing, sorting, filtering, regular expressions, arrays, hash tables, XML handling, and resources for learning more about PowerShell.

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Introduction to PowerShellLearn it before it become URGENTSalaudeen.Rajack@Gmail.comBlog: http://www.Salaudeen.Blogspot.com
AgendaWhat is PowerShell ?Problems with existing scripting language (VB script)How PowerShell solves the security issuesBasic commands in PowershellGUI (IDE) for PowershellHow to get help in PowerShellAliasSnap-insCmd-lets in PowerShellVariablesUnderstanding the pipe lineOperators in PowerShellLogical OperatorsSorting, Measuring, Select, Filter and compareExport, Import, ConvertFunctions Regular expressionsArrays and Hash TableXML handling
What is PowerShell?NEW scripting platform for Microsoft productsOne scripting language – Multiple productsWindows Desktop OS, Server OSSharePointSQL ServerSCOM/SCDPM/SVCMMExchange ServerVMWARE/Citrix Runs on top of .net framework, 2.0+Automate almost every thing you can do with GUI (some times, things which are not possible with GUI)Not just command prompt or Script language, But Command-Shell.It’s the Microsoft Way…Shell prompt, just like DOS shell, But more powerful
Restricted - No scripting allowed unrestricted - You can any scriptingno signing requiredRemote signed – good for test, dev environmentsonly files from internet need to be signeddefault settingAll signed - local, remote script, it should be signed.user must agree to run scriptPowerShell’s Execution Policy
No common scripting for all the products.Net codeCOM ModelExeVBScriptScripts are really security concern, because they do have lot of powerEcho “Welcome”Del *.* ???Top Concerns:IntegrityIdentityDouble click RunCommand HijackingPowerShell addresses this issue by introducing Executing PolicyProblems with Existing scripting languages
“built-in” commands for PowerShell“verb-noun” nameseg. get-childitem (= ls)but: new-alias, new-objectextensible set: can write own cmdletsHeart and Soul of PowerShellEngine that make powershell work. They are the small units of functionality that perform the operations.Cmdlets
Basic TourShell promptHelp systemGetting help:Get-helpGet-help –verb getGet-help –noun fileGet-help stop-process –examplesGet-help stop-process –fullGet-help “sp*Out-filePs>file1.txt ps>>file2.txtPs |out-file process.txtGet-content
Snap-InPowershell snap-in provides a mechanism for registering sets of cmdletsExample: similar to MMC Set of cmd-lets for a specific product Eg. SharePointGet-pssnapinLists the core functionalityGet-Pssnapin – registeredShows the installed cmd-LetsTo Add a new PS Snapin:Add-Snapin <snap-in-Name>
Basic cmd-lets for process, servicesAsk Help: help *process*Get-process > Alias psEg. Get-process –name calcHow to get the –name parameter? Get-process | get-memberStop-process -> Alias KillStop-process –name calc Stop-process –name calc –whatifServicesGet-service <service name>Restart-service <service name>Stop-service <service name>
Basic cmd-lets for process, services (Cont.)Get-service –include “Sharepoint*”Get-service –exclude “Sharepoint*”Event log:Get-eventlogEg. get-eventlog system –newest 10Get-eventlog | -newest 10 format-listIDEPowerGUI - Open source yet powerfull, FREEPowershell + Primal script ISE – PowerShell 2.0
Variables Powershell assigns best suited data type for variables when assignedNew-variable -name var –value 10Or$var=10Remove-variable –name varIt supports Int, Datetime, Bool, string, Char, byte, decimal, array, xmlVariables are actually .net objects$test=“honeywell”Can say $test.toUpper()User get-member to retrieve all the member of the objectCan force the data type by [string]$var=5$var.gettype().fullname
PipelinesCommands manipulates and passes objects from One to anotherEg: Get the list of process -> filter > stop ->formatGet-process | where-object {$_.status –eq “Stopped”} |format-listGet-process | out-file C:rocess.txtGet-process | out-Printer <Name of the printer>Write-output vs write-hostFirst one sends output to the pipeline, Second doesn’tWrite-output “Hello” |where-object {$_.length – gt 2}We have some additional options like –foregroundcolorDCDA
OperatorsAll Basic math operations: +, -, *, /, %5+5; 10-1; 8*2; 10%3; 5+(5*5)ComparisonEQ10 –eq 5LT, -GT, -GE, -LEString comparison: not case sensitive“Hello” – eq “HELLO” > trueForcing case sensitive:“Hello” – ceq “HELLO” > trueLogical operators AND OR NOT
Sort – Measure –Select - filterSortGet-process | sort-object VM –descGet-service |sort statusMeasureGet-service |measure-objectGet-service |measure-object –property VM –sum –min-max –averageSelectGet-service | select-object displayname,statusGet-process | select-object –first 10
Export-Import and compareExport-CSVGet-process |export-csvExport-CSV$process=import-csv c:a.csvCompare:$p1=get-processNow open a new process, say calc$p2=get-processCompare-object $p1, $p2 –property name
Logical constructsIF, Switch, For, WhileIF, Switch – DecisionFor, while – loopingEg IF($var –gt 100) { write-host “yes”}Elseif(){}Else{}
Logical constructsSwitcheg$company =“Honeywell”Switch($var){“Wipro” {write-host “wipro”}“Honeywell” {write-host “wipro”}Default {write-host “Not in list”}}
WhileWhile, Do…Until, Do..while$var=1While($var – lt 10) { write-host $var$var++}For-eachEg. $services=get-serviceForeach($x in $services){ write-host $x.name.toupper()}
Script BlockExecutes the block of code from file, variable$b={write-host “Hello”}$b >>write-host “hello”To Execute : &$bFunctions:Function sayHello(){ write-host “Hello”}sayHello
Functions Cont.Function sayHello($SenderName){ write-host “Hello” + $senderName}sayHello “Honeywell”SayHello “honeywell” -> write-host “Hello” $args[0]Return statement: function determine{ if($var – gt 10){return $true}Else{return $false}}
Regular expressionStandard for Pattern matchingUse –MatchEg. “Honeywell” –match “Honey”. (dot) – one char* - Zero or more match “A” match “t*”+ - one or more match “TTT” match “^T+”? – Zero or one match[AB] – either A or B^ - start $ - end eg. “Sala” –match “^s..A$” – any word character -W –Non word – space -S -D(n,m) eg. “TTTT” –match “^T{4, 6}”
Strings, Arrays, Hash tables$H=“Honeywell”$h.lengthSay “hello” >> “Say “”hello”””Array: $arr=1,2,3 or $arr=@(1,2,3)$arr2=@((1,1),(2,2),(3,3))Get : $arr2[1][1]Hash table:$Hash=@{No=1;”CName“=“Honeywell”}$hash.no$hash[“Cname”]
XML$MyXML=[XML] @”<addressBook><Person type=“personal”><name>ABC</name><Phone>123</phone></person></addressbook>“@$myXML.AddressBook$myXML.Person$myXML.Person[0]
ResourcesDownload powershell through Microsoft.comVideoshttp://channel9.msdn.com/Media/?TagID=163Blogshttp://blogs.msdn.com/powershellhttp://thepowershellguy.comhttp://keithhill.spaces.live.comhttp://www.leeholmes.com/blogPowerShell Installation Instructions: http://shrinkster.com/rpyPowerTab by MoW - http://shrinkster.com/rpx“MSH Logo” by Lee Holmes - http://shrinkster.com/rpwPowerShell Community Extensionshttp://www.codeplex.com/PowerShellCXMSDN - http://shrinkster.com/rpuHow to create a cmdlet: http://shrinkster.com/rpvBlogsPowerShell Team Blog - http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell/Lee Holmes - http://www.leeholmes.com/blog/David Aiken - http://blogs.msdn.com/daiken/The PowerShell Guy (MoW) - http://thepowershellguy.com/Popular Newsgroupmicrosoft.public.windows.powershell
Thank youSalaudeen.Rajack@Gmail.comBlog: http://www.Salaudeen.Blogspot.com

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Introduction to powershell

  • 1. Introduction to PowerShellLearn it before it become URGENTSalaudeen.Rajack@Gmail.comBlog: http://www.Salaudeen.Blogspot.com
  • 2. AgendaWhat is PowerShell ?Problems with existing scripting language (VB script)How PowerShell solves the security issuesBasic commands in PowershellGUI (IDE) for PowershellHow to get help in PowerShellAliasSnap-insCmd-lets in PowerShellVariablesUnderstanding the pipe lineOperators in PowerShellLogical OperatorsSorting, Measuring, Select, Filter and compareExport, Import, ConvertFunctions Regular expressionsArrays and Hash TableXML handling
  • 3. What is PowerShell?NEW scripting platform for Microsoft productsOne scripting language – Multiple productsWindows Desktop OS, Server OSSharePointSQL ServerSCOM/SCDPM/SVCMMExchange ServerVMWARE/Citrix Runs on top of .net framework, 2.0+Automate almost every thing you can do with GUI (some times, things which are not possible with GUI)Not just command prompt or Script language, But Command-Shell.It’s the Microsoft Way…Shell prompt, just like DOS shell, But more powerful
  • 4. Restricted - No scripting allowed unrestricted - You can any scriptingno signing requiredRemote signed – good for test, dev environmentsonly files from internet need to be signeddefault settingAll signed - local, remote script, it should be signed.user must agree to run scriptPowerShell’s Execution Policy
  • 5. No common scripting for all the products.Net codeCOM ModelExeVBScriptScripts are really security concern, because they do have lot of powerEcho “Welcome”Del *.* ???Top Concerns:IntegrityIdentityDouble click RunCommand HijackingPowerShell addresses this issue by introducing Executing PolicyProblems with Existing scripting languages
  • 6. “built-in” commands for PowerShell“verb-noun” nameseg. get-childitem (= ls)but: new-alias, new-objectextensible set: can write own cmdletsHeart and Soul of PowerShellEngine that make powershell work. They are the small units of functionality that perform the operations.Cmdlets
  • 7. Basic TourShell promptHelp systemGetting help:Get-helpGet-help –verb getGet-help –noun fileGet-help stop-process –examplesGet-help stop-process –fullGet-help “sp*Out-filePs>file1.txt ps>>file2.txtPs |out-file process.txtGet-content
  • 8. Snap-InPowershell snap-in provides a mechanism for registering sets of cmdletsExample: similar to MMC Set of cmd-lets for a specific product Eg. SharePointGet-pssnapinLists the core functionalityGet-Pssnapin – registeredShows the installed cmd-LetsTo Add a new PS Snapin:Add-Snapin <snap-in-Name>
  • 9. Basic cmd-lets for process, servicesAsk Help: help *process*Get-process > Alias psEg. Get-process –name calcHow to get the –name parameter? Get-process | get-memberStop-process -> Alias KillStop-process –name calc Stop-process –name calc –whatifServicesGet-service <service name>Restart-service <service name>Stop-service <service name>
  • 10. Basic cmd-lets for process, services (Cont.)Get-service –include “Sharepoint*”Get-service –exclude “Sharepoint*”Event log:Get-eventlogEg. get-eventlog system –newest 10Get-eventlog | -newest 10 format-listIDEPowerGUI - Open source yet powerfull, FREEPowershell + Primal script ISE – PowerShell 2.0
  • 11. Variables Powershell assigns best suited data type for variables when assignedNew-variable -name var –value 10Or$var=10Remove-variable –name varIt supports Int, Datetime, Bool, string, Char, byte, decimal, array, xmlVariables are actually .net objects$test=“honeywell”Can say $test.toUpper()User get-member to retrieve all the member of the objectCan force the data type by [string]$var=5$var.gettype().fullname
  • 12. PipelinesCommands manipulates and passes objects from One to anotherEg: Get the list of process -> filter > stop ->formatGet-process | where-object {$_.status –eq “Stopped”} |format-listGet-process | out-file C:rocess.txtGet-process | out-Printer <Name of the printer>Write-output vs write-hostFirst one sends output to the pipeline, Second doesn’tWrite-output “Hello” |where-object {$_.length – gt 2}We have some additional options like –foregroundcolorDCDA
  • 13. OperatorsAll Basic math operations: +, -, *, /, %5+5; 10-1; 8*2; 10%3; 5+(5*5)ComparisonEQ10 –eq 5LT, -GT, -GE, -LEString comparison: not case sensitive“Hello” – eq “HELLO” > trueForcing case sensitive:“Hello” – ceq “HELLO” > trueLogical operators AND OR NOT
  • 14. Sort – Measure –Select - filterSortGet-process | sort-object VM –descGet-service |sort statusMeasureGet-service |measure-objectGet-service |measure-object –property VM –sum –min-max –averageSelectGet-service | select-object displayname,statusGet-process | select-object –first 10
  • 15. Export-Import and compareExport-CSVGet-process |export-csvExport-CSV$process=import-csv c:a.csvCompare:$p1=get-processNow open a new process, say calc$p2=get-processCompare-object $p1, $p2 –property name
  • 16. Logical constructsIF, Switch, For, WhileIF, Switch – DecisionFor, while – loopingEg IF($var –gt 100) { write-host “yes”}Elseif(){}Else{}
  • 17. Logical constructsSwitcheg$company =“Honeywell”Switch($var){“Wipro” {write-host “wipro”}“Honeywell” {write-host “wipro”}Default {write-host “Not in list”}}
  • 18. WhileWhile, Do…Until, Do..while$var=1While($var – lt 10) { write-host $var$var++}For-eachEg. $services=get-serviceForeach($x in $services){ write-host $x.name.toupper()}
  • 19. Script BlockExecutes the block of code from file, variable$b={write-host “Hello”}$b >>write-host “hello”To Execute : &$bFunctions:Function sayHello(){ write-host “Hello”}sayHello
  • 20. Functions Cont.Function sayHello($SenderName){ write-host “Hello” + $senderName}sayHello “Honeywell”SayHello “honeywell” -> write-host “Hello” $args[0]Return statement: function determine{ if($var – gt 10){return $true}Else{return $false}}
  • 21. Regular expressionStandard for Pattern matchingUse –MatchEg. “Honeywell” –match “Honey”. (dot) – one char* - Zero or more match “A” match “t*”+ - one or more match “TTT” match “^T+”? – Zero or one match[AB] – either A or B^ - start $ - end eg. “Sala” –match “^s..A$” – any word character -W –Non word – space -S -D(n,m) eg. “TTTT” –match “^T{4, 6}”
  • 22. Strings, Arrays, Hash tables$H=“Honeywell”$h.lengthSay “hello” >> “Say “”hello”””Array: $arr=1,2,3 or $arr=@(1,2,3)$arr2=@((1,1),(2,2),(3,3))Get : $arr2[1][1]Hash table:$Hash=@{No=1;”CName“=“Honeywell”}$hash.no$hash[“Cname”]
  • 24. ResourcesDownload powershell through Microsoft.comVideoshttp://channel9.msdn.com/Media/?TagID=163Blogshttp://blogs.msdn.com/powershellhttp://thepowershellguy.comhttp://keithhill.spaces.live.comhttp://www.leeholmes.com/blogPowerShell Installation Instructions: http://shrinkster.com/rpyPowerTab by MoW - http://shrinkster.com/rpx“MSH Logo” by Lee Holmes - http://shrinkster.com/rpwPowerShell Community Extensionshttp://www.codeplex.com/PowerShellCXMSDN - http://shrinkster.com/rpuHow to create a cmdlet: http://shrinkster.com/rpvBlogsPowerShell Team Blog - http://blogs.msdn.com/powershell/Lee Holmes - http://www.leeholmes.com/blog/David Aiken - http://blogs.msdn.com/daiken/The PowerShell Guy (MoW) - http://thepowershellguy.com/Popular Newsgroupmicrosoft.public.windows.powershell