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Introduction of GIS & Remote Sensing (RS)

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Subtain Hussain Syed
Subtain Hussain Syed

- Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a computer-based tool that allows users to create, analyze, and display spatial information. GIS integrates many types of data to provide insights. - GIS is used widely by international organizations, private industry, and government for applications like transportation planning, environmental analysis, and disaster management. It stores geographic data in layers that can be linked by location. - Remote sensing involves collecting information about an area from a distance, such as via satellite or aerial imagery. High resolution sensors are commonly used to create accurate base maps and infrastructure data. Remote sensing data is extracted and digitized in GIS to build geographic databases.

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Introduction toIntroduction to Geographic InformationGeographic Information Systems (GIS)Systems (GIS) && Remote Sensing (RS)Remote Sensing (RS) Syed Subtain HussainSyed Subtain Hussain GIS ConsultantGIS Consultant 20182018
OutlinesOutlines • Introduction to GIS • Who use GIS? & what can we do with GIS • How does GIS work? • Geography database & types of data • Features of GIS • Remote Sensing (RS) • Sample Maps
What is GIS? 11
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system including software, hardware, people, and geographic information A GIS can: create, edit, query, analyze, and display map information on the computer A “geographic information system” (GIS) is a computer-based tool that allows you to create, manipulate, analyze, store and display information based on its location.
Geographic Information SystemGeographic Information System
Who uses GIS?Who uses GIS? • International organizations  The World Bank, UN, FAO, WHO, etc. • Private industry  Transport, Real Estate, Insurance, Crime, etc. • Government  Ministries of Environment, Housing, Agriculture, Census, NDMA, etc.  Local Authorities, Cities, Municipalities, etc.  Provincial Agencies for Planning, Parks, Transportation, etc.
GIS SoftwarsGIS Softwars • Esri ArcGIS desktop/server • MapInfo • Global Mapper • QGIS (opensource) • Etc.
• The possibilities are unlimited…  Environmental impact assessment  Resource management  Risk Assessment  Disaster Management  Tax Mapping  Water and Sanitation Mapping  Transportation routing  Disaster planning  and more ... What can you do with a GIS?What can you do with a GIS?
How does a GIS work?How does a GIS work? • GIS data has a spatial/geographic reference  This might be a reference that describes a feature on the earth using: • a latitude & longitude • a national coordinate system • an address • a district • a wetland identifier • a road name • A land parcel • Etc.
What is Spatial Data?What is Spatial Data? Spatial data is information which is linked to a specific location, for example the population of a town, or the occupant of an address.
• A GIS stores information about the world as a collection of thematic layers that can be linked together by geography Geography and DatabasesGeography and Databases
Data Collection TechniquesData Collection Techniques RasterRaster VectorVector PrimaryPrimary Digital remote sensing images GPS measurements Digital aerial photographs Survey measurements SecondarySecondary Scanned maps Topographic surveys DEMs from maps Data sets from atlases
GIS WORK FLOWGIS WORK FLOW
GIS providesGIS provides Data IntegrationData Integration VectorsVectors TopologyTopology NetworksNetworks TerrainTerrain SurveysSurveys ImagesImages CADCAD DrawingsDrawings AnnotationAnnotation AddressesAddresses 27 Main St.27 Main St. AttributesAttributes ABCABC 107’107’ 3D Objects3D Objects DimensionsDimensions • Roads • Land Parcels • Population • Utilities • Land Parcel • Land Mines • Hospitals • Refugee Camps • Wells • Sanitation • etc.
Two fundamental types of dataTwo fundamental types of data • Vector  A series of x,y coordinates  For discrete data represented as points, lines, polygons • Raster  Grid and cells  For continuous data such as elevation, slope, surfaces • A Desktop GIS should be able to handle both types of data effectively!
Raster Vector Real World Data RepresentationData Representation
Sample MapSample Map Land useLand use
Sample MapSample Map Land Parcel of VillageLand Parcel of Village
Remote Sensing (RS)Remote Sensing (RS) • Remote Sensing, process of obtaining information about land, water, or an object without any physical contact between the sensor and the subject of analysis. • Remote Sensing is an extensive science, drawing from many areas for support and development. Satellite and digital imagery play an important role in remote sensing; providing information about the land studied. • The benefits of remote sensing continue to arise. It can be used to access hard to reach areas for fieldwork, and provides a more detailed, permanent and objective survey that offers a different perspective. Air photos are still favored and easily accessible sources of information for classification
RS acquiring informationRS acquiring information • Remote Sensing means acquiring information about a phenomena, object or surface while at a distance from it. This name is attributed to recent technology in which Satellite, space craft and Drone are used from collecting information to it.
The remote sensing processThe remote sensing process
Higher Resolution Satellite Sensors UsedHigher Resolution Satellite Sensors Used Quickbird 2.5 m multispectral resolution 61 cm (~2 ft.) panchromatic resolution IKONOS 4 m visible/infrared resolution 1 m panchromatic resolution MOST COMMON USES FOR HIGH RESOLUTION:MOST COMMON USES FOR HIGH RESOLUTION: Accurate Base Maps Infrastructure Mapping Disaster Assessment (Smaller Scale)
How data is extracted:How data is extracted: • Layers such as roads (yellow) and rivers (blue) can be easily seen from air/satellite photos • This information is digitized (see next slide), separated into layers, and integrated into a GIS
Digitizing DataDigitizing Data • MANUALMANUAL  Map is fixed to digitizer table  Control Points are digitized  Feature Boundaries are digitized in stream or point mode  The layer is proofed and edited  The layer is transformed/registered to a known system • AUTOMATED SCANNERSAUTOMATED SCANNERS  Digitizing done automatically by a scanner  There is a range of scanner qualities  Most utilize the reflection/transmission of light to record data  “Thresholding” allows for the determination of both line and point features from a hardcopy map  Editing still required • DIRECT DATA ENTRYDIRECT DATA ENTRY  Coordinate Geometry is used, with GPS playing a vital role  This involves directly entering in coordinates measured in the field  These coordinates can then be tagged with attribute data  This data this then downloaded to a computer and incorporated into a GIS
IKONOS (4 m Multispectral)IKONOS (4 m Multispectral)
Pre Flood – 17 July 2006 Post Flood – 09 Aug 2006 10098 acr 3516 acr ● Phulani ● Goth Lataran ● Ural ● Junno Dhand ● Shahpur ● Godhpur ● Than Lake ● Goth Azizpur ● Goth Raza Mahar ● Phulani ● Goth Lataran ● Ural ● Junno Dhand ● Shahpur ● Godhpur ● Than Lake ● Goth Azizpur ● Goth Raza Mahar ● Muhro Mari ● Darapur ● Kot Shahgarch ● Muhro Mari ● Darapur ● Kot Shahgarch Flood Damage to Standing CropsFlood Damage to Standing Crops SukkurSukkur
Village 21 Village 13 Village 20 Village 11 Village 22 Village 19 Village 15 Village 14 Village 16 Village 7 Village 23 Village 17 Village 8 Village 5 Village 3 Village 2 Village 1 Village 12 Village 9 Village 6 Village 10 Village 4 Village 18 Village 24 MODELLING THROUGH GISMODELLING THROUGH GIS VILLAGES TO BE EFFECTED BY FLOODINGVILLAGES TO BE EFFECTED BY FLOODING If flood level rose to 2000 feet If flood level rose to 3000 feet If flood level rose to 4000 feet
Thank You!Thank You!

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Introduction of GIS & Remote Sensing (RS)

  • 1. Introduction toIntroduction to Geographic InformationGeographic Information Systems (GIS)Systems (GIS) && Remote Sensing (RS)Remote Sensing (RS) Syed Subtain HussainSyed Subtain Hussain GIS ConsultantGIS Consultant 20182018
  • 2. OutlinesOutlines • Introduction to GIS • Who use GIS? & what can we do with GIS • How does GIS work? • Geography database & types of data • Features of GIS • Remote Sensing (RS) • Sample Maps
  • 4. Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system including software, hardware, people, and geographic information A GIS can: create, edit, query, analyze, and display map information on the computer A “geographic information system” (GIS) is a computer-based tool that allows you to create, manipulate, analyze, store and display information based on its location.
  • 6. Who uses GIS?Who uses GIS? • International organizations  The World Bank, UN, FAO, WHO, etc. • Private industry  Transport, Real Estate, Insurance, Crime, etc. • Government  Ministries of Environment, Housing, Agriculture, Census, NDMA, etc.  Local Authorities, Cities, Municipalities, etc.  Provincial Agencies for Planning, Parks, Transportation, etc.
  • 7. GIS SoftwarsGIS Softwars • Esri ArcGIS desktop/server • MapInfo • Global Mapper • QGIS (opensource) • Etc.
  • 8. • The possibilities are unlimited…  Environmental impact assessment  Resource management  Risk Assessment  Disaster Management  Tax Mapping  Water and Sanitation Mapping  Transportation routing  Disaster planning  and more ... What can you do with a GIS?What can you do with a GIS?
  • 9. How does a GIS work?How does a GIS work? • GIS data has a spatial/geographic reference  This might be a reference that describes a feature on the earth using: • a latitude & longitude • a national coordinate system • an address • a district • a wetland identifier • a road name • A land parcel • Etc.
  • 10. What is Spatial Data?What is Spatial Data? Spatial data is information which is linked to a specific location, for example the population of a town, or the occupant of an address.
  • 11. • A GIS stores information about the world as a collection of thematic layers that can be linked together by geography Geography and DatabasesGeography and Databases
  • 12. Data Collection TechniquesData Collection Techniques RasterRaster VectorVector PrimaryPrimary Digital remote sensing images GPS measurements Digital aerial photographs Survey measurements SecondarySecondary Scanned maps Topographic surveys DEMs from maps Data sets from atlases
  • 13. GIS WORK FLOWGIS WORK FLOW
  • 14. GIS providesGIS provides Data IntegrationData Integration VectorsVectors TopologyTopology NetworksNetworks TerrainTerrain SurveysSurveys ImagesImages CADCAD DrawingsDrawings AnnotationAnnotation AddressesAddresses 27 Main St.27 Main St. AttributesAttributes ABCABC 107’107’ 3D Objects3D Objects DimensionsDimensions • Roads • Land Parcels • Population • Utilities • Land Parcel • Land Mines • Hospitals • Refugee Camps • Wells • Sanitation • etc.
  • 15. Two fundamental types of dataTwo fundamental types of data • Vector  A series of x,y coordinates  For discrete data represented as points, lines, polygons • Raster  Grid and cells  For continuous data such as elevation, slope, surfaces • A Desktop GIS should be able to handle both types of data effectively!
  • 18. Sample MapSample Map Land Parcel of VillageLand Parcel of Village
  • 19. Remote Sensing (RS)Remote Sensing (RS) • Remote Sensing, process of obtaining information about land, water, or an object without any physical contact between the sensor and the subject of analysis. • Remote Sensing is an extensive science, drawing from many areas for support and development. Satellite and digital imagery play an important role in remote sensing; providing information about the land studied. • The benefits of remote sensing continue to arise. It can be used to access hard to reach areas for fieldwork, and provides a more detailed, permanent and objective survey that offers a different perspective. Air photos are still favored and easily accessible sources of information for classification
  • 20. RS acquiring informationRS acquiring information • Remote Sensing means acquiring information about a phenomena, object or surface while at a distance from it. This name is attributed to recent technology in which Satellite, space craft and Drone are used from collecting information to it.
  • 21. The remote sensing processThe remote sensing process
  • 22. Higher Resolution Satellite Sensors UsedHigher Resolution Satellite Sensors Used Quickbird 2.5 m multispectral resolution 61 cm (~2 ft.) panchromatic resolution IKONOS 4 m visible/infrared resolution 1 m panchromatic resolution MOST COMMON USES FOR HIGH RESOLUTION:MOST COMMON USES FOR HIGH RESOLUTION: Accurate Base Maps Infrastructure Mapping Disaster Assessment (Smaller Scale)
  • 23. How data is extracted:How data is extracted: • Layers such as roads (yellow) and rivers (blue) can be easily seen from air/satellite photos • This information is digitized (see next slide), separated into layers, and integrated into a GIS
  • 24. Digitizing DataDigitizing Data • MANUALMANUAL  Map is fixed to digitizer table  Control Points are digitized  Feature Boundaries are digitized in stream or point mode  The layer is proofed and edited  The layer is transformed/registered to a known system • AUTOMATED SCANNERSAUTOMATED SCANNERS  Digitizing done automatically by a scanner  There is a range of scanner qualities  Most utilize the reflection/transmission of light to record data  “Thresholding” allows for the determination of both line and point features from a hardcopy map  Editing still required • DIRECT DATA ENTRYDIRECT DATA ENTRY  Coordinate Geometry is used, with GPS playing a vital role  This involves directly entering in coordinates measured in the field  These coordinates can then be tagged with attribute data  This data this then downloaded to a computer and incorporated into a GIS
  • 25. IKONOS (4 m Multispectral)IKONOS (4 m Multispectral)
  • 26. Pre Flood – 17 July 2006 Post Flood – 09 Aug 2006 10098 acr 3516 acr ● Phulani ● Goth Lataran ● Ural ● Junno Dhand ● Shahpur ● Godhpur ● Than Lake ● Goth Azizpur ● Goth Raza Mahar ● Phulani ● Goth Lataran ● Ural ● Junno Dhand ● Shahpur ● Godhpur ● Than Lake ● Goth Azizpur ● Goth Raza Mahar ● Muhro Mari ● Darapur ● Kot Shahgarch ● Muhro Mari ● Darapur ● Kot Shahgarch Flood Damage to Standing CropsFlood Damage to Standing Crops SukkurSukkur
  • 27. Village 21 Village 13 Village 20 Village 11 Village 22 Village 19 Village 15 Village 14 Village 16 Village 7 Village 23 Village 17 Village 8 Village 5 Village 3 Village 2 Village 1 Village 12 Village 9 Village 6 Village 10 Village 4 Village 18 Village 24 MODELLING THROUGH GISMODELLING THROUGH GIS VILLAGES TO BE EFFECTED BY FLOODINGVILLAGES TO BE EFFECTED BY FLOODING If flood level rose to 2000 feet If flood level rose to 3000 feet If flood level rose to 4000 feet