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Indian perspective of cyber security

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Aurobindo Nayak
Aurobindo Nayak

How does India stand in the perspective of global terrorism and does it have enough countermeasures to tackle the ever growing threat of cyber crime

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Cyber Security : Indian perspective 3RD November 2010 Aurobindo Nayak Reg-No:0701288307 NMIET Branch-CSE
Web Sites (WWW) 1993 Web Invented and implemented 130 Nos. web sites 1994 2738 Nos. 1995 23500 Nos. 2007 550 Million Nos. 2008 850 Million Nos. Web Evolution
33 Internet Infrastructure in INDIA
Innovation fostering the Growth of NGNsInnovation fostering the Growth of NGNs Smart devices ◦ Television ◦ Computers ◦ PDA ◦ Mobile Phone (Single device to provide an end-to-end, seamlessly secure access) Application Simplicity ◦ Preference of single, simple and secure interface to access applications or content ◦ Ubiquitous interface - web browser Flexible Infrastructure Because of these areas of evolution, today’s NGNs are defined more by the services they support than by traditional demarcation of Physical Infrastructure.
The Emergence of NGNsThe Emergence of NGNs The communication network operating two years ago are father’s telecommunication Network. NGNs are teenager’s Network. No longer consumer and business accept the limitation of single-use device or network. Both individuals and Business want the ability to communicate, work and be entertained over any device, any time, anywhere. The demand of these services coupled with innovation in technology is advancing traditional telecommunication far outside its original purpose.
6 The Complexity of Today’s Network Changes Brought in IT • Large network as backbone for connectivity across the country • Multiple Service providers for providing links – BSNL, MTNL, Reliance, TATA, Rail Tel • Multiple Technologies to support network infrastructure CDMA, VSAT, DSL • Multiple Applications Router Internet Intranet Unmanaged Device New PC Internet Perimeter Network Branch Offices Remote Workers Home Users Unmanaged Devices Router RouterRouter Router Branch Offices Desktops Laptops Servers Extranet Servers Router Network Infrastructure Unmanaged Devices Perimeter Network Servers Trends shaping the future • Ubiquitous computing, networking and mobility • Embedded Computing • Security • IPv6 • VoIP
Challenges for Network OperatorChallenges for Network Operator Business challenges include new Pricing Structure, new relationship and new competitors. Technical challenges include migrating and integrating with new advances in technologies from fibre optics, installation of Wi-Fi support. Developing a comprehensive Security Policy and architecture in support of NGN services.
To Reap BenefitsTo Reap Benefits To reap benefits of NGN, the operator must address ◦ Technology ◦ Risk ◦ Security ◦ Efficiency
NGN ArchitectureNGN Architecture Identify Layer Compromises of end users owned by a telecom or a third-party service provider accessing services using devices like PC, PDA or mobile phone, to connect to the Internet Service Layer Hosts service applications and provides a framework for the creation of customer-focused services provided by either operator or a third-party service provider Network Layer Performs service execution, service management, network management and media control functions Connects with the backbone network InternetThird-Party Application Untrusted Web Tier Service Provider Application Service Delivery Platform (Service Provider ) Service Delivery Platform Common Framework Backbone Network Partly Trusted
Growing ConcernGrowing Concern  Computing Technology has turned against us  Exponential growth in security incidents ◦ Pentagon, US in 2007 ◦ Estonia in April 2007 ◦ Computer System of German Chancellory and three Ministries ◦ Highly classified computer network in New Zealand & Australia  Complex and target oriented software  Common computing technologies and systems  Constant probing and mapping of network systems 10
Cyber Threat EvolutionCyber Threat Evolution Virus Breaking Web Sites Malicious Code (Melissa) Advanced Worm / Trojan (I LOVE YOU) Identity Theft (Phishing) Organised Crime Data Theft, DoS / DDoS 1995 2000 2003-04 2005-06 2007-081977
Cyber attacks being observedCyber attacks being observed Web defacement Spam Spoofing Proxy Scan Denial of Service Distributed Denial of Service Malicious Codes ◦ Virus ◦ Bots Data Theft and Data Manipulation ◦ IdentityTheft ◦ Financial Frauds Social engineering Scams
13 Security Incidents reported during 2009
Trends of IncidentsTrends of Incidents Sophisticated attacks ◦ Attackers are refining their methods and consolidating assets to create global networks that support coordinated criminal activity Rise of Cyber Spying and Targeted attacks ◦ Mapping of network, probing for weakness/vulnerabilities Malware propagation through Website intrusion ◦ Large scale SQL Injection attacks like Asprox Botnet Malware propagation through Spam on the rise ◦ Storm worm, which is one of the most notorious malware programs seen during 2007-08, circulates through spam
Trends of IncidentsTrends of Incidents Phishing ◦ Increase in cases of fast-flux phishing and rock-phish ◦ Domain name phishing and Registrar impersonation Crimeware ◦ Targeting personal information for financial frauds Information Stealing through social networking sites Rise in Attack toolkits ◦ Toolkits like Mpack and Neospolit can launch exploits for browser and client-side vulnerabilities against users who visit a malicious or compromised sites
Global AttackTrendGlobal AttackTrend Source: Websense
17 Top originating countries – Malicious code
Three faces of cyber crimeThree faces of cyber crime Organised Crime Terrorist Groups Nation States 18
Security of Information AssetsSecurity of Information Assets Security of information & information assets is becoming a major area of concern With every new application, newer vulnerabilities crop up, posing immense challenges to those who are mandated to protect the IT assets Coupled with this host of legal requirements and international business compliance requirements on data protection and privacy place a huge demand on IT/ITES/BPO service organizations We need to generate ‘Trust & Confidence’
Challenges before the IndustryChallenges before the Industry
Model Followed InternationallyModel Followed Internationally Internationally, the general approach has been to have legal drivers supported by suitable verification mechanism. For example, in USA Legal drivers have been ◦ SOX ◦ HIPPA ◦ GLBA ◦ FISMA etc. In Europe, the legal driver has been the “Data Protection Act” supported by ISO27001 ISMS.
22 Confidentiality INFORMATION SECURITY Integrity Availability Authenticity Security Policy People Process Technology Regulatory Compliance Access Control Security Audit User Awareness Program Incident Response Firewall, IPS/IDS Encryption, PKI Antivirus Information Security Management
Cyber Security Strategy – India • Security Policy, Compliance and Assurance – Legal Framework – IT Act, 2000 – IT (Amendment) Bill, 2006 – Data Protection & Computer crimes – Best Practice ISO 27001 – Security Assurance Framework- IT/ITES/BPO Companies • Security Incident – Early Warning & Response – CERT-In National Cyber Alert System – Information Exchange with international CERTs • Capacity building – Skill & Competence development – Training of law enforcement agencies and judicial officials in the collection and analysis of digital evidence – Training in the area of implementing information security in collaboration with Specialised Organisations in US • Setting up Digital Forensics Centres – Domain Specific training – Cyber Forensics • Research and Development – Network Monitoring – Biometric Authentication – Network Security • International Collaboration
Status of security and quality compliance inStatus of security and quality compliance in IndiaIndia Quality and Security ◦ Large number of companies in India have aligned their internal process and practices to international standards such as  ISO 9000  CMM  Six Sigma  Total Quality Management ◦ Some Indian companies have won special recognition for excellence in quality out of 18 Deming Prize winners for Total Quality Management in the last five years, six are Indian companies.
ISO 27001/BS7799 Information SecurityISO 27001/BS7799 Information Security ManagementManagement Government has mandated implementation of ISO27001 ISMS by all critical sectors ISMS 27001 has mainly three components ◦ Technology ◦ Process ◦ Incident reporting and monitoring 296 certificates issued in India out of 7735 certificates issued worldwide Majority of certificates issued in India belong to IT/ITES/BPO sector
Information Technology – Security TechniquesInformation Technology – Security Techniques Information Security Management SystemInformation Security Management System World China Italy Japan Spain India USA ISO 9000 951486 210773 115309 73176 65112 46091 36192 (175 counties) 27001 7732 146 148 276 93 296 94
Indian perspective of cyber security
CERT-In Work ProcessCERT-In Work Process Department of Information Technology Department of Information Technology Detection Analysis Dissemination & Support Analysis Recovery Detect Dissemination ISP Hot Liners Press & TV / Radio Home Users Private Sectors Major ISPs Foreign Ptns
Distributed Honeypot Deployment
PC & End User Security:Auto Security Patch UpdatePC & End User Security:Auto Security Patch Update Windows Security Patch Auto Update No. of Download ActiveX: 18 Million Internet Microsoft Download Ctr. ActiveX DL Server Sec. Patch ActiveX Site
Incident Response Help Desk PC & End User SecurityPC & End User Security Internet PSTN • Make a call using 1800 – 11 - 4949 • Send fax using 1800 – 11 - 6969 • Communicate through email at incident@cert-in.org.in • Number of security incidents handled during 2008 (till Oct): 1425 • Vulnerability Assessment Service
Int’l Co-op: Cyber Security DrillInt’l Co-op: Cyber Security Drill Joint International Incident Handling Coordination Drill • Participated APCERT International Incident Handling Drill 2006 • Participants: 13 APCERT Members and New Zealand, Vietnam including 5 major Korean ISPs • Scenario: Countermeasure against Malicious Code and relevant infringement as DDoS attack • Participated APCERT International Incident Handling Drill 2007 • Participants: 13 APCERT Members + Korean ISPs • Scenario: DDoS and Malicious Code Injection • To be Model: World Wide Cyber Security Incidents Drill among security agencies
Thank you Question and queries? Email:hacksafemail@gmail.com Location:Bhubaneswar, India

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Indian perspective of cyber security

  • 1. Cyber Security : Indian perspective 3RD November 2010 Aurobindo Nayak Reg-No:0701288307 NMIET Branch-CSE
  • 2. Web Sites (WWW) 1993 Web Invented and implemented 130 Nos. web sites 1994 2738 Nos. 1995 23500 Nos. 2007 550 Million Nos. 2008 850 Million Nos. Web Evolution
  • 4. Innovation fostering the Growth of NGNsInnovation fostering the Growth of NGNs Smart devices ◦ Television ◦ Computers ◦ PDA ◦ Mobile Phone (Single device to provide an end-to-end, seamlessly secure access) Application Simplicity ◦ Preference of single, simple and secure interface to access applications or content ◦ Ubiquitous interface - web browser Flexible Infrastructure Because of these areas of evolution, today’s NGNs are defined more by the services they support than by traditional demarcation of Physical Infrastructure.
  • 5. The Emergence of NGNsThe Emergence of NGNs The communication network operating two years ago are father’s telecommunication Network. NGNs are teenager’s Network. No longer consumer and business accept the limitation of single-use device or network. Both individuals and Business want the ability to communicate, work and be entertained over any device, any time, anywhere. The demand of these services coupled with innovation in technology is advancing traditional telecommunication far outside its original purpose.
  • 6. 6 The Complexity of Today’s Network Changes Brought in IT • Large network as backbone for connectivity across the country • Multiple Service providers for providing links – BSNL, MTNL, Reliance, TATA, Rail Tel • Multiple Technologies to support network infrastructure CDMA, VSAT, DSL • Multiple Applications Router Internet Intranet Unmanaged Device New PC Internet Perimeter Network Branch Offices Remote Workers Home Users Unmanaged Devices Router RouterRouter Router Branch Offices Desktops Laptops Servers Extranet Servers Router Network Infrastructure Unmanaged Devices Perimeter Network Servers Trends shaping the future • Ubiquitous computing, networking and mobility • Embedded Computing • Security • IPv6 • VoIP
  • 7. Challenges for Network OperatorChallenges for Network Operator Business challenges include new Pricing Structure, new relationship and new competitors. Technical challenges include migrating and integrating with new advances in technologies from fibre optics, installation of Wi-Fi support. Developing a comprehensive Security Policy and architecture in support of NGN services.
  • 8. To Reap BenefitsTo Reap Benefits To reap benefits of NGN, the operator must address ◦ Technology ◦ Risk ◦ Security ◦ Efficiency
  • 9. NGN ArchitectureNGN Architecture Identify Layer Compromises of end users owned by a telecom or a third-party service provider accessing services using devices like PC, PDA or mobile phone, to connect to the Internet Service Layer Hosts service applications and provides a framework for the creation of customer-focused services provided by either operator or a third-party service provider Network Layer Performs service execution, service management, network management and media control functions Connects with the backbone network InternetThird-Party Application Untrusted Web Tier Service Provider Application Service Delivery Platform (Service Provider ) Service Delivery Platform Common Framework Backbone Network Partly Trusted
  • 10. Growing ConcernGrowing Concern  Computing Technology has turned against us  Exponential growth in security incidents ◦ Pentagon, US in 2007 ◦ Estonia in April 2007 ◦ Computer System of German Chancellory and three Ministries ◦ Highly classified computer network in New Zealand & Australia  Complex and target oriented software  Common computing technologies and systems  Constant probing and mapping of network systems 10
  • 11. Cyber Threat EvolutionCyber Threat Evolution Virus Breaking Web Sites Malicious Code (Melissa) Advanced Worm / Trojan (I LOVE YOU) Identity Theft (Phishing) Organised Crime Data Theft, DoS / DDoS 1995 2000 2003-04 2005-06 2007-081977
  • 12. Cyber attacks being observedCyber attacks being observed Web defacement Spam Spoofing Proxy Scan Denial of Service Distributed Denial of Service Malicious Codes ◦ Virus ◦ Bots Data Theft and Data Manipulation ◦ IdentityTheft ◦ Financial Frauds Social engineering Scams
  • 14. Trends of IncidentsTrends of Incidents Sophisticated attacks ◦ Attackers are refining their methods and consolidating assets to create global networks that support coordinated criminal activity Rise of Cyber Spying and Targeted attacks ◦ Mapping of network, probing for weakness/vulnerabilities Malware propagation through Website intrusion ◦ Large scale SQL Injection attacks like Asprox Botnet Malware propagation through Spam on the rise ◦ Storm worm, which is one of the most notorious malware programs seen during 2007-08, circulates through spam
  • 15. Trends of IncidentsTrends of Incidents Phishing ◦ Increase in cases of fast-flux phishing and rock-phish ◦ Domain name phishing and Registrar impersonation Crimeware ◦ Targeting personal information for financial frauds Information Stealing through social networking sites Rise in Attack toolkits ◦ Toolkits like Mpack and Neospolit can launch exploits for browser and client-side vulnerabilities against users who visit a malicious or compromised sites
  • 17. 17 Top originating countries – Malicious code
  • 18. Three faces of cyber crimeThree faces of cyber crime Organised Crime Terrorist Groups Nation States 18
  • 19. Security of Information AssetsSecurity of Information Assets Security of information & information assets is becoming a major area of concern With every new application, newer vulnerabilities crop up, posing immense challenges to those who are mandated to protect the IT assets Coupled with this host of legal requirements and international business compliance requirements on data protection and privacy place a huge demand on IT/ITES/BPO service organizations We need to generate ‘Trust & Confidence’
  • 20. Challenges before the IndustryChallenges before the Industry
  • 21. Model Followed InternationallyModel Followed Internationally Internationally, the general approach has been to have legal drivers supported by suitable verification mechanism. For example, in USA Legal drivers have been ◦ SOX ◦ HIPPA ◦ GLBA ◦ FISMA etc. In Europe, the legal driver has been the “Data Protection Act” supported by ISO27001 ISMS.
  • 22. 22 Confidentiality INFORMATION SECURITY Integrity Availability Authenticity Security Policy People Process Technology Regulatory Compliance Access Control Security Audit User Awareness Program Incident Response Firewall, IPS/IDS Encryption, PKI Antivirus Information Security Management
  • 23. Cyber Security Strategy – India • Security Policy, Compliance and Assurance – Legal Framework – IT Act, 2000 – IT (Amendment) Bill, 2006 – Data Protection & Computer crimes – Best Practice ISO 27001 – Security Assurance Framework- IT/ITES/BPO Companies • Security Incident – Early Warning & Response – CERT-In National Cyber Alert System – Information Exchange with international CERTs • Capacity building – Skill & Competence development – Training of law enforcement agencies and judicial officials in the collection and analysis of digital evidence – Training in the area of implementing information security in collaboration with Specialised Organisations in US • Setting up Digital Forensics Centres – Domain Specific training – Cyber Forensics • Research and Development – Network Monitoring – Biometric Authentication – Network Security • International Collaboration
  • 24. Status of security and quality compliance inStatus of security and quality compliance in IndiaIndia Quality and Security ◦ Large number of companies in India have aligned their internal process and practices to international standards such as  ISO 9000  CMM  Six Sigma  Total Quality Management ◦ Some Indian companies have won special recognition for excellence in quality out of 18 Deming Prize winners for Total Quality Management in the last five years, six are Indian companies.
  • 25. ISO 27001/BS7799 Information SecurityISO 27001/BS7799 Information Security ManagementManagement Government has mandated implementation of ISO27001 ISMS by all critical sectors ISMS 27001 has mainly three components ◦ Technology ◦ Process ◦ Incident reporting and monitoring 296 certificates issued in India out of 7735 certificates issued worldwide Majority of certificates issued in India belong to IT/ITES/BPO sector
  • 26. Information Technology – Security TechniquesInformation Technology – Security Techniques Information Security Management SystemInformation Security Management System World China Italy Japan Spain India USA ISO 9000 951486 210773 115309 73176 65112 46091 36192 (175 counties) 27001 7732 146 148 276 93 296 94
  • 28. CERT-In Work ProcessCERT-In Work Process Department of Information Technology Department of Information Technology Detection Analysis Dissemination & Support Analysis Recovery Detect Dissemination ISP Hot Liners Press & TV / Radio Home Users Private Sectors Major ISPs Foreign Ptns
  • 30. PC & End User Security:Auto Security Patch UpdatePC & End User Security:Auto Security Patch Update Windows Security Patch Auto Update No. of Download ActiveX: 18 Million Internet Microsoft Download Ctr. ActiveX DL Server Sec. Patch ActiveX Site
  • 31. Incident Response Help Desk PC & End User SecurityPC & End User Security Internet PSTN • Make a call using 1800 – 11 - 4949 • Send fax using 1800 – 11 - 6969 • Communicate through email at incident@cert-in.org.in • Number of security incidents handled during 2008 (till Oct): 1425 • Vulnerability Assessment Service
  • 32. Int’l Co-op: Cyber Security DrillInt’l Co-op: Cyber Security Drill Joint International Incident Handling Coordination Drill • Participated APCERT International Incident Handling Drill 2006 • Participants: 13 APCERT Members and New Zealand, Vietnam including 5 major Korean ISPs • Scenario: Countermeasure against Malicious Code and relevant infringement as DDoS attack • Participated APCERT International Incident Handling Drill 2007 • Participants: 13 APCERT Members + Korean ISPs • Scenario: DDoS and Malicious Code Injection • To be Model: World Wide Cyber Security Incidents Drill among security agencies
  • 33. Thank you Question and queries? Email:hacksafemail@gmail.com Location:Bhubaneswar, India