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Ig2 task 1 work sheet - JS

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JamieShepherd

1. The document provides definitions for sound design and audio production terms as part of an assignment to create a glossary. 2. The student was asked to research definitions of provided terms and relate each definition to their own production practice. 3. Terms researched included foley artistry, sound libraries, audio file formats like .wav and .aiff, audio limitations regarding hardware, audio recording systems, MIDI, audio sampling concepts like bit depth and sample rate, and other audio software and hardware terms.

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Salford City College Eccles Sixth Form Centre BTEC Extended Diploma in GAMES DESIGN Unit 73: Sound For Computer Games IG2 Task 1 1 Produce a glossary of terms specific to the methods and principles of sound design and production. Using a provided template, you must research and gather definitions specific to provided glossary terms. Any definitions must be referenced with the URL link of the website you have obtained the definition. You must also, where possible, provide specific details of how researched definitions relate to your own production practice. Name: Jamie Shepherd RESEARCHED DEFINITION (provide short internet researched definition and URL link) DESCRIBE THE RELEVANCE OF THE RESEARCHED TERM TO YOUR OWN PRODUCTION PRACTICE? SOUND DESIGN METHODOLOGY Foley Artistry "A sound effects technique for synchronous effects or live effects" http://filmsound.org/foley/ We have used this to record some sound effects for our game audio Sound Libraries “a collection of sounds stored on file (for example on CDs, DVDs, or as digital audio files)” http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sound-library We have created a sound library to create the game audio SOUND FILE FORMATS Uncompressed “Uncompressed audio files are the most accurate digital representation of a soundwave, but can also be the most resource-intensive method of recording and storing digital audio, both in terms of storage and management” http://www.jiscdigitalmedia.ac.uk/guide/uncompressed-audio-file-formats .wav “WAV (or WAVE), short for Waveform Audio File Format, is a Microsoft and IBM audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs” http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAV The pieces of audio that we recorded were saved in .wav .aiff “Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF) is an audio file format standard used for storing sound data for personal computers and other electronic audio devices. The format was developed by Apple Computer in 1988 based on Electronic Arts' Interchange File Format (IFF, widely used on Amiga systems) and is most commonly used on Apple Macintosh computer systems.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.aif This was not used .au “the standard audio file format used by Sun, Unix and Java. The audio in au files can be PCM or compressed with the ulaw, alaw or G729 codecs” http://www.nch.com.au/acm/formats.html This was not used .smp “a motion picture accompanied by synchronized recorded sound” http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sound%20motion%20picture This was not used Lossy Compression “Lossy file compression results in lost data and quality from the original This was not used
Salford City College Eccles Sixth Form Centre BTEC Extended Diploma in GAMES DESIGN Unit 73: Sound For Computer Games IG2 Task 1 2 version.” http://www.techterms.com/definition/lossy .mp3 “MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) is a lossy data compression format for audio. Using it makes smaller computer files containing digitized music and other sounds.” http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3 This was not used AUDIO LIMITATIONS Sound Processor Unit (SPU) “The SPU is the unit responsible for all aural capabilities of the psx. It handles 24 voices, has a 512kb sound buffer, has ADSR envelope filters for each voice and lots of other features.” http://psx.rules.org/spu.txt There is sound card in the computer so that we could replay the audio back Digital Sound Processor (DSP) “Short for digital signal processing, which refers to manipulating analog information, such as sound or photographs that has been converted into a digital form. DSP also implies the use of a data compression technique.” http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DSP.html The DSP is in the computer used Random Access Memory (RAM) “Random access memory (RAM) is the best known form of computer memory. RAM is considered "random access" because you can access any memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at that cell.” http://computer.howstuffworks.com/ram.htm RA would have been used to run reaper which was the program we used to edit the audio Mono Audio “Mono or monophonic describes a system where all the audio signals are mixed together and routed through a single audio channel.” http://www.mcsquared.com/mono-stereo.htm We recorded in mono because the audio was being fed into one audio recording source Stereo Audio “Stereo or Stereophonic sound is created by two independent audio channels or speakers and provides a sense of directionality because sounds can be heard from different directions.” http://stereos.about.com/od/introductiontostereos/a/soundformats.htm This was not used Surround Sound “Surround sound audio is, simply put, sound that completely surrounds you. It means a speaker in virtually every corner of the room, projecting high- quality digital sound at you from all angles just as though you were in a theater.” http://peripherals.about.com/od/speakersandheadphones/a/whatis_ss.htm This was not used Direct Audio (Pulse Code Modulation – PCM) “Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog signals. It is the standard form of digital audio in computers, This was not used
Salford City College Eccles Sixth Form Centre BTEC Extended Diploma in GAMES DESIGN Unit 73: Sound For Computer Games IG2 Task 1 3 Compact Discs, digital telephony and other digital audio applications. In a PCM stream, the amplitude of the analog signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals, and each sample is quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital steps.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation AUDIO RECORDING SYSTEMS Analogue “Analog (or analogue) recording (Greek, ana is "according to" and logos "relationship") is a technique used for the recording of analog signals which among many possibilities include audio frequency, analog audio and analog video information for later playback.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_recording This was not used Digital Mini Disc “A compact digital audio disc from Sony that comes in read-only and rewritable versions.” http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/47064/minidisc This was not used Compact Disc (CD) “A compact disc [sometimes spelled disk] (CD) is a small, portable, round medium made of molded polymer (close in size to the floppy disk) for electronically recording, storing, and playing back audio, video, text, and other information in digital form.” http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/compact-disc This was not used Digital Audio Tape (DAT) “DAT (Digital Audio Tape) is a standard medium and technology for the digital recording of audio on tape at a professional level of quality” http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/DAT-Digital-Audio-Tape This was not used MIDI Pronounced middy, an acronym for musical instrument digital interface, a standard adopted by the electronic music industry for controlling devices, such as synthesizers and sound cards, which emit music. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/MIDI.html We used these to record audio directly onto the computer, we used ones pre-loaded onto reaper Software Sequencers A sequencing software package designed to be loaded into a computer. Software sequencers usually have more features and have the advantage of showing you a lot more information at once because they use the computer's screen and aren't locked into the knobs or buttons or display of a hardware sequencer. http://www.wannaplaymusic.com/get-started/keyboard-terminology This was not used Software Plug-ins There are three broad classes of audio plug-in: those which transform existing audio samples, those which generate new audio samples through sound synthesis and those which analyse existing audio samples. Although all plug-in types can technically perform audio analysis, only specific formats provide a mechanism for analysis data to be returned to the host. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_plug-in We used plug-ins to edit our sounds and also to record them on reaper MIDI Keyboard Instruments A Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) keyboard is a musical We used the MIDI keyboard to
Salford City College Eccles Sixth Form Centre BTEC Extended Diploma in GAMES DESIGN Unit 73: Sound For Computer Games IG2 Task 1 4 instrument like a piano keyboard. The MIDI portion indicates that the instrument has a communication protocol built in that allows it to communicate with a computer or other MIDI-equipped instrument. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-midi-keyboard.htm record sounds directly onto reaper AUDIO SAMPLING File Size Constraints - Bit- depth In digital audio , bit depth describes the potential accuracy of a particular piece of hardware or software that processes audio data. In general, the more bits that are available, the more accurate the resulting output from the data being processed. http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/bit-depth We rendered the audio at 16 bits File Size Constraints - Sample Rate The rate at which the samples are captured or played back, measured in Hertz (Hz), or samples per second. An audio CD has a sample rate of 44,100 Hz, often written as 44 KHz for short. This is also the default sample rate that Audacity uses, because audio CDs are so prevalent. http://www.voxforge.org/home/docs/faq/faq/what-are-sampling-rate-and- bits-per-sample The bit rate depended on the different types of the file

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Ig2 task 1 work sheet - JS

  • 1. Salford City College Eccles Sixth Form Centre BTEC Extended Diploma in GAMES DESIGN Unit 73: Sound For Computer Games IG2 Task 1 1 Produce a glossary of terms specific to the methods and principles of sound design and production. Using a provided template, you must research and gather definitions specific to provided glossary terms. Any definitions must be referenced with the URL link of the website you have obtained the definition. You must also, where possible, provide specific details of how researched definitions relate to your own production practice. Name: Jamie Shepherd RESEARCHED DEFINITION (provide short internet researched definition and URL link) DESCRIBE THE RELEVANCE OF THE RESEARCHED TERM TO YOUR OWN PRODUCTION PRACTICE? SOUND DESIGN METHODOLOGY Foley Artistry "A sound effects technique for synchronous effects or live effects" http://filmsound.org/foley/ We have used this to record some sound effects for our game audio Sound Libraries “a collection of sounds stored on file (for example on CDs, DVDs, or as digital audio files)” http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sound-library We have created a sound library to create the game audio SOUND FILE FORMATS Uncompressed “Uncompressed audio files are the most accurate digital representation of a soundwave, but can also be the most resource-intensive method of recording and storing digital audio, both in terms of storage and management” http://www.jiscdigitalmedia.ac.uk/guide/uncompressed-audio-file-formats .wav “WAV (or WAVE), short for Waveform Audio File Format, is a Microsoft and IBM audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs” http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAV The pieces of audio that we recorded were saved in .wav .aiff “Audio Interchange File Format (AIFF) is an audio file format standard used for storing sound data for personal computers and other electronic audio devices. The format was developed by Apple Computer in 1988 based on Electronic Arts' Interchange File Format (IFF, widely used on Amiga systems) and is most commonly used on Apple Macintosh computer systems.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.aif This was not used .au “the standard audio file format used by Sun, Unix and Java. The audio in au files can be PCM or compressed with the ulaw, alaw or G729 codecs” http://www.nch.com.au/acm/formats.html This was not used .smp “a motion picture accompanied by synchronized recorded sound” http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sound%20motion%20picture This was not used Lossy Compression “Lossy file compression results in lost data and quality from the original This was not used
  • 2. Salford City College Eccles Sixth Form Centre BTEC Extended Diploma in GAMES DESIGN Unit 73: Sound For Computer Games IG2 Task 1 2 version.” http://www.techterms.com/definition/lossy .mp3 “MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) is a lossy data compression format for audio. Using it makes smaller computer files containing digitized music and other sounds.” http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/MP3 This was not used AUDIO LIMITATIONS Sound Processor Unit (SPU) “The SPU is the unit responsible for all aural capabilities of the psx. It handles 24 voices, has a 512kb sound buffer, has ADSR envelope filters for each voice and lots of other features.” http://psx.rules.org/spu.txt There is sound card in the computer so that we could replay the audio back Digital Sound Processor (DSP) “Short for digital signal processing, which refers to manipulating analog information, such as sound or photographs that has been converted into a digital form. DSP also implies the use of a data compression technique.” http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/DSP.html The DSP is in the computer used Random Access Memory (RAM) “Random access memory (RAM) is the best known form of computer memory. RAM is considered "random access" because you can access any memory cell directly if you know the row and column that intersect at that cell.” http://computer.howstuffworks.com/ram.htm RA would have been used to run reaper which was the program we used to edit the audio Mono Audio “Mono or monophonic describes a system where all the audio signals are mixed together and routed through a single audio channel.” http://www.mcsquared.com/mono-stereo.htm We recorded in mono because the audio was being fed into one audio recording source Stereo Audio “Stereo or Stereophonic sound is created by two independent audio channels or speakers and provides a sense of directionality because sounds can be heard from different directions.” http://stereos.about.com/od/introductiontostereos/a/soundformats.htm This was not used Surround Sound “Surround sound audio is, simply put, sound that completely surrounds you. It means a speaker in virtually every corner of the room, projecting high- quality digital sound at you from all angles just as though you were in a theater.” http://peripherals.about.com/od/speakersandheadphones/a/whatis_ss.htm This was not used Direct Audio (Pulse Code Modulation – PCM) “Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog signals. It is the standard form of digital audio in computers, This was not used
  • 3. Salford City College Eccles Sixth Form Centre BTEC Extended Diploma in GAMES DESIGN Unit 73: Sound For Computer Games IG2 Task 1 3 Compact Discs, digital telephony and other digital audio applications. In a PCM stream, the amplitude of the analog signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals, and each sample is quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital steps.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation AUDIO RECORDING SYSTEMS Analogue “Analog (or analogue) recording (Greek, ana is "according to" and logos "relationship") is a technique used for the recording of analog signals which among many possibilities include audio frequency, analog audio and analog video information for later playback.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_recording This was not used Digital Mini Disc “A compact digital audio disc from Sony that comes in read-only and rewritable versions.” http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/47064/minidisc This was not used Compact Disc (CD) “A compact disc [sometimes spelled disk] (CD) is a small, portable, round medium made of molded polymer (close in size to the floppy disk) for electronically recording, storing, and playing back audio, video, text, and other information in digital form.” http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/compact-disc This was not used Digital Audio Tape (DAT) “DAT (Digital Audio Tape) is a standard medium and technology for the digital recording of audio on tape at a professional level of quality” http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/DAT-Digital-Audio-Tape This was not used MIDI Pronounced middy, an acronym for musical instrument digital interface, a standard adopted by the electronic music industry for controlling devices, such as synthesizers and sound cards, which emit music. http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/MIDI.html We used these to record audio directly onto the computer, we used ones pre-loaded onto reaper Software Sequencers A sequencing software package designed to be loaded into a computer. Software sequencers usually have more features and have the advantage of showing you a lot more information at once because they use the computer's screen and aren't locked into the knobs or buttons or display of a hardware sequencer. http://www.wannaplaymusic.com/get-started/keyboard-terminology This was not used Software Plug-ins There are three broad classes of audio plug-in: those which transform existing audio samples, those which generate new audio samples through sound synthesis and those which analyse existing audio samples. Although all plug-in types can technically perform audio analysis, only specific formats provide a mechanism for analysis data to be returned to the host. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_plug-in We used plug-ins to edit our sounds and also to record them on reaper MIDI Keyboard Instruments A Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) keyboard is a musical We used the MIDI keyboard to
  • 4. Salford City College Eccles Sixth Form Centre BTEC Extended Diploma in GAMES DESIGN Unit 73: Sound For Computer Games IG2 Task 1 4 instrument like a piano keyboard. The MIDI portion indicates that the instrument has a communication protocol built in that allows it to communicate with a computer or other MIDI-equipped instrument. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-midi-keyboard.htm record sounds directly onto reaper AUDIO SAMPLING File Size Constraints - Bit- depth In digital audio , bit depth describes the potential accuracy of a particular piece of hardware or software that processes audio data. In general, the more bits that are available, the more accurate the resulting output from the data being processed. http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/bit-depth We rendered the audio at 16 bits File Size Constraints - Sample Rate The rate at which the samples are captured or played back, measured in Hertz (Hz), or samples per second. An audio CD has a sample rate of 44,100 Hz, often written as 44 KHz for short. This is also the default sample rate that Audacity uses, because audio CDs are so prevalent. http://www.voxforge.org/home/docs/faq/faq/what-are-sampling-rate-and- bits-per-sample The bit rate depended on the different types of the file