SlideShare a Scribd company logo
HOW TO ISSUE & ACTIVATE
FREE SSL
(Let’s Encrypt)
Mayeenul Islam Mayeen
UI/UX Designer & PHP Developer
github.com/mayeenulislam
github.com/nanodesigns
dribbble.com/mayeenulislam
@mayeenulislam
nishachor.com
nanodesignsbd.com
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
DISCLAIMER
The following presentation is simply stating the process and
procedures the author used for his WordPress (PHP) sites and those
are in PHP 7 – hosted in shared Linux server with a cPanel activated
for the server administration, where sudo command was not
allowed and the “Let’s Encrypt” widget was not available
There are other Certification Authorities (CA) than Let’s Encrypt,
and there are plenty of ways to implement free SSL, and this is only
one of them that includes some command line procedures and
some GUI activities as well
As of December 31, 2018
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
WHY SSL
Security of
Data and Transaction
SECURITY
SEARCH ENGINE RANKING
Without HTTPS your site
ranking will go down

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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
WHY SSL
THE BASELINE STANDARD OF WEB PRESENCE
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Hosting
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
DEBUNK
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
BELIEVE
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
PREREQUISITE
7
SSH Access to the Server
(for command line access)
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
TOOLS USED
Let’s Encrypt
(Certification Authority - CA)
PHP ACME Client
(a client software for Let’s Encrypt)
cPanel SSL/TLS widget
(for installing the certificate)
Composer
(PHP dependency manager)
CONNECT HOSTING VIA SSH
[~] $
ssh username@example.com
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
Might prompt you to provide the password
With a valid password, it will bring you back the prompt again
-p 22
port
GET THE PHP ACME CLIENT
[~] $
git clone https://github.com/kelunik/acme-client
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
You can do that manually over FTP:
Download the zip file from Github
Upload it to the home directory of your server, and
Uncompress it.

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INSTALL COMPOSER IN THE ACME CLIENT
[acme-client] $
php –r “copy(‘https://getcomposer.org/installer’, ‘composer-setup.php’);”;
php composer-setup.php;
php -r “unlink(‘composer-setup.php’);”;
php composer.phar install --no-dev
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
[~] $
cd acme-client
BOOTSTRAPED.
LET’S GENERATE THE SSL CERTIFICATE
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
REGISTER AN ACCOUNT
[acme-client] $
php bin/acme
setup
--server letsencrypt
--email your@email.com
php bin/acme setup --server letsencrypt --email your@email.com
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
ISSUE THE CERTIFICATE
[acme-client] $
php bin/acme
issue
--domains example.com:www.example.com
--path /home/username/public_html:/home/username/public_html
--server letsencrypt
php bin/acme issue --domains example.com:www.example.com --path /home/username/public_html:/home/username/public_html --server letsencrypt
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
/public_html is the path where your site code is hosted. If it is in a sub
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CHECK
THE CERTIFICATE
CHECK THE CERTIFICATE
[~] $
cd /home/username/acme-client/data/certs/
acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org.directory/
example.com
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
[example.com] $
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
cert.pem chain.pem fullchain.pem key.pem
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
FIX THE BASE URL
From http://example.com
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
FIX THE DATABASE
Find strings with http://example.com
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
FIX THE ON-SITE ASSETS’ URL
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http://example.com/assets/js/app.js
http://example.com/assets/img/image.ext
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//example.com/assets/css/app.css
//example.com/assets/js/app.js
//example.com/assets/img/image.ext
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https://example.com/assets/js/app.js
https://example.com/assets/img/image.ext
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RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
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</IfModule>
# END WordPress
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STATUS
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
STATUS: ACTIVATED
Green padlock icon beside the URL
Supporting subdomains are activated too
CAVEAT
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
NOT COMPATIBLE (?)
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
Not Supported in 0.1% software
99.9%
LIST OF COMPATIBILITY
https://letsencrypt.org/docs/certificate-compatibility/
SUPPORTED

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CHECK THE VALIDITY
[~] $
php acme-client/bin/acme
check
--name example.com
--server letsencrypt
php acme-client/bin/acme check --name example.com --server letsencrypt
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
90
DAYS ONLY
(3 Months)
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
CAVEAT IS BEAUTY
The shorter the validation,
the safer the certificate is
RENEW
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
RENEW THE CERTIFICATE
[~] $
php acme-client/bin/acme
issue
--domains example.com:www.example.com
--path /home/username/public_html:/home/username/public_html
--server letsencrypt
php acme-client/bin/acme issue --domains example.com:www.example.com --path /home/username/public_html:/home/username/public_html --server letsencrypt
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
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php acme-client/bin/acme issue --domains example.com:www.example.com --path /home/username/public_html:/home/username/public_html --server letsencrypt
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List of Let’s Encrypt ACME Clients in Other Languages
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SUGGESTED PROCEDURE
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•
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
LOOK BEYOND
A WRAPPER TO THE LET’S ENCRYPT
SSL For Free
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•
FORMERLY ‘COMODO’ CA
SECTIGO
https://ssl.comodo.com/
•
CloudFlare
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•
…
HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
OTHER FREE CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES
…and other CAs, and many wrappers also…

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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
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HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
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How to Issue and Activate Free SSL using Let's Encrypt

  • 1. HOW TO ISSUE & ACTIVATE FREE SSL (Let’s Encrypt)
  • 2. Mayeenul Islam Mayeen UI/UX Designer & PHP Developer github.com/mayeenulislam github.com/nanodesigns dribbble.com/mayeenulislam @mayeenulislam nishachor.com nanodesignsbd.com
  • 3. HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam DISCLAIMER The following presentation is simply stating the process and procedures the author used for his WordPress (PHP) sites and those are in PHP 7 – hosted in shared Linux server with a cPanel activated for the server administration, where sudo command was not allowed and the “Let’s Encrypt” widget was not available There are other Certification Authorities (CA) than Let’s Encrypt, and there are plenty of ways to implement free SSL, and this is only one of them that includes some command line procedures and some GUI activities as well As of December 31, 2018
  • 4. HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam WHY SSL Security of Data and Transaction SECURITY SEARCH ENGINE RANKING Without HTTPS your site ranking will go down
  • 5. HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam WHY SSL THE BASELINE STANDARD OF WEB PRESENCE Domain Hosting Development Domain Hosting Development SSL Certificate
  • 6. HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam DEBUNK SSL = Money True & Not True
  • 7. HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam BELIEVE FREE SSL PAID SSL WARRANTY Domain Validated SSL Extended Validity SSL WILDCARD CERTIFICATES SECURITY VALIDITYShortest 1 or 2 years
  • 8. HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam IDEAL CASES Blogs, Websites etc. Where no payment and sensitive data involved FREE SSL e-Commerce sites, Social media networks etc. PAID SSL Where payment and sensitive data is involved
  • 9. HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam PREREQUISITE 7 SSH Access to the Server (for command line access)
  • 10. HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam TOOLS USED Let’s Encrypt (Certification Authority - CA) PHP ACME Client (a client software for Let’s Encrypt) cPanel SSL/TLS widget (for installing the certificate) Composer (PHP dependency manager)
  • 11. CONNECT HOSTING VIA SSH [~] $ ssh username@example.com HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam Might prompt you to provide the password With a valid password, it will bring you back the prompt again -p 22 port
  • 12. GET THE PHP ACME CLIENT [~] $ git clone https://github.com/kelunik/acme-client HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam You can do that manually over FTP: Download the zip file from Github Upload it to the home directory of your server, and Uncompress it.
  • 13. INSTALL COMPOSER IN THE ACME CLIENT [acme-client] $ php –r “copy(‘https://getcomposer.org/installer’, ‘composer-setup.php’);”; php composer-setup.php; php -r “unlink(‘composer-setup.php’);”; php composer.phar install --no-dev HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam [~] $ cd acme-client
  • 14. BOOTSTRAPED. LET’S GENERATE THE SSL CERTIFICATE HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
  • 15. REGISTER AN ACCOUNT [acme-client] $ php bin/acme setup --server letsencrypt --email your@email.com php bin/acme setup --server letsencrypt --email your@email.com HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
  • 16. ISSUE THE CERTIFICATE [acme-client] $ php bin/acme issue --domains example.com:www.example.com --path /home/username/public_html:/home/username/public_html --server letsencrypt php bin/acme issue --domains example.com:www.example.com --path /home/username/public_html:/home/username/public_html --server letsencrypt HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam /public_html is the path where your site code is hosted. If it is in a sub directory, don’t forget to mention that like /public_html/my_directory
  • 18. CHECK THE CERTIFICATE [~] $ cd /home/username/acme-client/data/certs/ acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org.directory/ example.com cd /home/username/acme-client/data/certs/acme-v01.api.letsencrypt.org.directory/example.com HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam [example.com] $ ls You can do that manually over FTP: Browse to the path specified above You will see the files
  • 19. 4 FILES HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam cert.pem chain.pem fullchain.pem key.pem --- KNOWLEDGEBASE --- PEM – Privacy Enhanced Email Base64-encoded certificate file Details: https://fileinfo.com/extension/pem
  • 21. Access to your site’s cPanel from the Web Browser HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam INSTALL USING THE cPanel SSL/TLS Click on the “SSL/TLS” widget
  • 22. Click on the “Manage SSL sites” link HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam INSTALL USING THE cPanel SSL/TLS Choose the Domain (or browse) (followed)
  • 23. Click on the “Autofill by Domain” button HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam INSTALL USING THE cPanel SSL/TLS Click on the “Install Certificate” button (followed)
  • 25. Change the base URL in your app HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam FIX THE BASE URL From http://example.com To https://example.com (if necessary)
  • 26. Take a Backup of the Database HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam FIX THE DATABASE Find strings with http://example.com Replace with https://example.com Replace the Database (if necessary)
  • 27. HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam FIX THE ON-SITE ASSETS’ URL FROM http://example.com/assets/css/app.css http://example.com/assets/js/app.js http://example.com/assets/img/image.ext TO //example.com/assets/css/app.css //example.com/assets/js/app.js //example.com/assets/img/image.ext OR, TO https://example.com/assets/css/app.css https://example.com/assets/js/app.js https://example.com/assets/img/image.ext (if necessary)
  • 28. FORCE REDIRECT USING .htaccess RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301] # BEGIN WordPress <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteRule ^index.php$ - [L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /index.php [L] </IfModule> # END WordPress HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam If WordPress: Put the code outside the WordPress block
  • 30. HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam STATUS: ACTIVATED Green padlock icon beside the URL Supporting subdomains are activated too
  • 31. CAVEAT HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
  • 32. NOT COMPATIBLE (?) HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam Not Supported in 0.1% software 99.9% LIST OF COMPATIBILITY https://letsencrypt.org/docs/certificate-compatibility/ SUPPORTED
  • 33. CHECK THE VALIDITY [~] $ php acme-client/bin/acme check --name example.com --server letsencrypt php acme-client/bin/acme check --name example.com --server letsencrypt HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
  • 34. 90 DAYS ONLY (3 Months) HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam CAVEAT IS BEAUTY The shorter the validation, the safer the certificate is
  • 35. RENEW HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
  • 36. RENEW THE CERTIFICATE [~] $ php acme-client/bin/acme issue --domains example.com:www.example.com --path /home/username/public_html:/home/username/public_html --server letsencrypt php acme-client/bin/acme issue --domains example.com:www.example.com --path /home/username/public_html:/home/username/public_html --server letsencrypt HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam /public_html is the path where your site code is hosted. If it is in a sub directory, don’t forget to mention that like /public_html/my_directory
  • 37. AUTO RENEW HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
  • 38. SETUP THE CRON JOB 0 0 1 */2 * HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam command At 00:00 on day-of-month 1 in every 3rd 2nd month It is my suggestion. You can use 0 0 1 */3 * or 0 0 30 */2 * also. php acme-client/bin/acme issue --domains example.com:www.example.com --path /home/username/public_html:/home/username/public_html --server letsencrypt
  • 39. DOCUMENTATION List of Let’s Encrypt ACME Clients in Other Languages https://letsencrypt.org/docs/client-options/ • SUGGESTED PROCEDURE Video: Implementing Let’s Encrypt SSL using Certbot https://youtu.be/8huMBHx-TKY • BLOG Let’s Encrypt certificate or a commercial SSL – the final verdict https://www.iwebz.net/index.php/lets-encrypt-versus-commercial-ssl/ • ASSISTANCE How to activate SSH access to your cPanel https://youtu.be/CCX0mMaEEKc HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam LOOK BEYOND
  • 40. A WRAPPER TO THE LET’S ENCRYPT SSL For Free https://www.sslforfree.com/ • FORMERLY ‘COMODO’ CA SECTIGO https://ssl.comodo.com/ • CloudFlare https://www.cloudflare.com/ • … HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam OTHER FREE CERTIFICATION AUTHORITIES …and other CAs, and many wrappers also…
  • 41. Q & A HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam
  • 42. Let’s Encrypt https://letsencrypt.org • Reseller Club https://www.resellerclub.com • Crontab.guru https://crontab.guru/#0_0_1_*/2_* • Alamin Bhuian Sajib TechnoVista Limited, Bangladesh HOW TO INSTALL & ACTIVATE FREE SSL by Mayeenul Islam KUDOS

Editor's Notes

  1. https://youtu.be/CCX0mMaEEKc How to activate SSH access to your cPanel by cPanelTV
  2. If slide #23 failed
  3. Preferred because, often times the open protocol might not activate the Green Padlock. Lesson learnt from: https://youtu.be/8huMBHx-TKY How to get FREE HTTPS in 10 minutes with Let’s Encrypt and Certbot by Pentacode