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High Volume Web API Management with WSO2 ESB

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This document discusses configuring the WSO2 ESB for high volume API management. It provides an overview of WSO2 offerings and describes how the ESB was able to support over 1 billion messages per day for eBay by optimizing the operating system, JVM, ESB configuration, enabling message relay mode and HTTP relay transport. It also covers monitoring, error handling, and questions.

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High Volume Web API Management with WSO2 ESB Paul Fremantle CTO and Co-Founder Hiranya Jayathilaka Associate Technical Lead
WSO2 Offerings • WSO2 Carbon • On premise product platform • Consistent products sharing the same OSGi core • WSO2 Stratos • A “Cloud-Enabled Application Platform” (CEAP) • Multi-tenant, Elastic, Metered/Billed deployment • An extension of the Carbon platform • Same SVN code tree • WSO2 StratosLive • http://stratoslive.wso2.com • A running Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) • An instance of Stratos © WSO2 2011
ForresterWave™ ESB Q2 2011 - Leader
WSO2 ESB 4.0 © WSO2 2011
WSO2 ESB Features • The WSO2 Enterprise Service Bus offers: • Easy configuration through an intuitive graphical interface • Lean, high-performance design conserves resources through maximum efficiency. • Built on the WSO2 Carbon OSGi platform: adding new capabilities as you need them is a snap. • Integrates with your existing systems, with support for EDI, CSV, Files, FIX, HL7, SAP, JMS, etc • Asynchronous architecture supports very high loads with fixed resources • Routing, mediation and transformation are modular, extensible but provide most use-cases simply by sequencing built-in mediators • Full support for SOAP/WS-* and REST © WSO2 2011
API Management Concerns • Slow clients, IP denial of service, traffic shaping • Security, authentication, authorization • Monitoring, analytics and metrics • Mediation, format translation, micro-orchestration • Load-balancing, failover, routing • Unification of multiple stacks © WSO2 2011
API Management Concerns • Slow clients, IP denial of service, traffic shaping • Non-blocking transport, priority execution, throttle/cache, Message Relay Transport • Security, authentication, authorization • Authn/Authz, SAML2, OAuth, XACML PEP • Monitoring, analytics and metrics • Built-in metrics, JMX, WSO2 BAM Event Publisher • Mediation, format translation, micro-orchestration • JSON support, SOAP<->JSON, Service chaining • Load-balancing, failover, routing • Built in elastic load balancing, session-aware, failover • Unification of multiple stacks • Lightweight proxy layer, CSG support © WSO2 2011
eBay Case Study – High Volume • Requirements: • “The solutions we were using no longer met our needs, so we considered whether to build a new internal system or to adopt third-party technology”, Abhinav Kumar, eBay • Needed enhanced service mediation and orchestration capabilities • Scalability and performance to sustain increasing loads • Evaluation: • eBay evaluated several industry leading hardware and software ESB solutions, looking at open source, commercially licensed ESBs and hardware • Test production during 2009 holiday season proved that our system was rock solid • 1m messages/day with zero downtime, zero memory growth • Results • Shared-nothing architecture on RedHat Linux on x86 hardware • Currently running at more than 1 billion messages / day • Low resource utilization and flat memory usage • The benefits • “Using the WSO2 ESBs, we've been able to provide customers and partners with the quality experience they expect on eBay, even as our global customer base has grown,” Abhinav Kumar © WSO2 2011
Memory Usage at eBay © WSO2 2011
Deployment © WSO2 2011
Configuring for High Volume • Operating System • JVM • ESB • Management © WSO2 2011
Tuning the OS • Optimize core network settings for high throughput network activity • /etc/sysctl.conf • Increase the number of open file descriptors allowed by the OS • /etc/security/limits.conf
Tuning the JVM • Allocate sufficient memory for the heap • -Xms256m -Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m • Consider reducing the new ratio • -XX:NewRatio=n • Consider using the concurrent mark and sweep collector • -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC • Read more on JVM and GC tuning • http://wso2.org/library/articles/2010/11/taming- java-garbage-collector
Tuning the ESB • Configure transport thread pools • Configured through nhttp.properties file • IO dispatcher threads carry out network IO at the wire level • Recommended to have one IO dispatcher per CPU core • Server workers and client workers mediate the messages • More the merrier (But keep memory usage and load in mind)
Message Relay Mode • WSO2 ESB uses Apache AXIOM and the StAX API for processing XML • XML payloads are streamed through the ESB • Pull parsing model • But for pure routing, load-balancing and header- only mediation we can avoid even this step • Message relay mode works around this glitch and enables 100% pure streaming of messages • Works regardless of size and format of messages
Enabling Message Relay • Enable the binary relay builder (axis2.xml) • Instructs the ESB to stream the incoming messages through without touching their payloads • Enable the expanding message formatter (axis2.xml) • Allows the ESB to send messages that were received through the binary relay builder <messageBuilder contentType="application/xml" class="org.wso2.carbon.relay.BinaryRelayBuilder"/> <messageFormatter contentType="application/xml" class="org.wso2.carbon.relay.ExpandingMessageFormatter"/> • Above configuration tells the ESB to process all application/xml messages in message relay mode.
HTTP Relay Transport • Brand new in WSO2 ESB 4.0 release • Non blocking HTTP transport implementation specially designed for streaming messages • Doesn’t require the binary relay builder and expanding formatter • To enable, simply uncomment the relevant entries in the axis2.xml file
Performance © WSO2 2011
Error Handling • In a large scale, high throughput deployment, errors are not unusual – Expect the unexpected • Configure endpoints to gracefully handle the common errors • Connection timeouts • Connection close/reset • Connection refused • HTTP protocol violations!!!!
More on Error Handling • Configure sequences to clearly log errors and if needed notify system administrators • In case the back end server fails to respond, send detailed fault responses to clients – Makes your application more appealing to the customers • Pay attention to HTTP error codes
Monitoring • In general keep an eye on: • CPU usage • Memory usage • Thread counts • Fault counts • Latency/Response time • Active connections
Monitoring Tools • Utilities Provided by OS • top • netstat • Mediation statistics • JMX Clients • Jconsole
Connections © WSO2 2011
Endpoints © WSO2 2011
Latency © WSO2 2011
Listeners © WSO2 2011
Memory and Garbage Collection © WSO2 2011
S2S Latency © WSO2 2011
Threads © WSO2 2011
Questions? http://www.flickr.com/photos/oberazzi/ 30
Resources • http://wso2.com/landing/ebay-the-esb-casestudy/ • WSO2 ESB 4.0 Download and Library • http://wso2.org/library/esb • Message Relay Mode • http://wso2.org/project/esb/java/4.0.0/docs/messag e_relay.html • Twitter: @pzfreo • Blogs: • http://pzf.fremantle.org • http://techfeast-hiranya.blogspot.com/ • Email: paul@wso2.com hiranya@wso2.com © WSO2 2011

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High Volume Web API Management with WSO2 ESB

  • 1. High Volume Web API Management with WSO2 ESB Paul Fremantle CTO and Co-Founder Hiranya Jayathilaka Associate Technical Lead
  • 2. WSO2 Offerings • WSO2 Carbon • On premise product platform • Consistent products sharing the same OSGi core • WSO2 Stratos • A “Cloud-Enabled Application Platform” (CEAP) • Multi-tenant, Elastic, Metered/Billed deployment • An extension of the Carbon platform • Same SVN code tree • WSO2 StratosLive • http://stratoslive.wso2.com • A running Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) • An instance of Stratos © WSO2 2011
  • 3. ForresterWave™ ESB Q2 2011 - Leader
  • 4. WSO2 ESB 4.0 © WSO2 2011
  • 5. WSO2 ESB Features • The WSO2 Enterprise Service Bus offers: • Easy configuration through an intuitive graphical interface • Lean, high-performance design conserves resources through maximum efficiency. • Built on the WSO2 Carbon OSGi platform: adding new capabilities as you need them is a snap. • Integrates with your existing systems, with support for EDI, CSV, Files, FIX, HL7, SAP, JMS, etc • Asynchronous architecture supports very high loads with fixed resources • Routing, mediation and transformation are modular, extensible but provide most use-cases simply by sequencing built-in mediators • Full support for SOAP/WS-* and REST © WSO2 2011
  • 6. API Management Concerns • Slow clients, IP denial of service, traffic shaping • Security, authentication, authorization • Monitoring, analytics and metrics • Mediation, format translation, micro-orchestration • Load-balancing, failover, routing • Unification of multiple stacks © WSO2 2011
  • 7. API Management Concerns • Slow clients, IP denial of service, traffic shaping • Non-blocking transport, priority execution, throttle/cache, Message Relay Transport • Security, authentication, authorization • Authn/Authz, SAML2, OAuth, XACML PEP • Monitoring, analytics and metrics • Built-in metrics, JMX, WSO2 BAM Event Publisher • Mediation, format translation, micro-orchestration • JSON support, SOAP<->JSON, Service chaining • Load-balancing, failover, routing • Built in elastic load balancing, session-aware, failover • Unification of multiple stacks • Lightweight proxy layer, CSG support © WSO2 2011
  • 8. eBay Case Study – High Volume • Requirements: • “The solutions we were using no longer met our needs, so we considered whether to build a new internal system or to adopt third-party technology”, Abhinav Kumar, eBay • Needed enhanced service mediation and orchestration capabilities • Scalability and performance to sustain increasing loads • Evaluation: • eBay evaluated several industry leading hardware and software ESB solutions, looking at open source, commercially licensed ESBs and hardware • Test production during 2009 holiday season proved that our system was rock solid • 1m messages/day with zero downtime, zero memory growth • Results • Shared-nothing architecture on RedHat Linux on x86 hardware • Currently running at more than 1 billion messages / day • Low resource utilization and flat memory usage • The benefits • “Using the WSO2 ESBs, we've been able to provide customers and partners with the quality experience they expect on eBay, even as our global customer base has grown,” Abhinav Kumar © WSO2 2011
  • 9. Memory Usage at eBay © WSO2 2011
  • 10. Deployment © WSO2 2011
  • 11. Configuring for High Volume • Operating System • JVM • ESB • Management © WSO2 2011
  • 12. Tuning the OS • Optimize core network settings for high throughput network activity • /etc/sysctl.conf • Increase the number of open file descriptors allowed by the OS • /etc/security/limits.conf
  • 13. Tuning the JVM • Allocate sufficient memory for the heap • -Xms256m -Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m • Consider reducing the new ratio • -XX:NewRatio=n • Consider using the concurrent mark and sweep collector • -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC • Read more on JVM and GC tuning • http://wso2.org/library/articles/2010/11/taming- java-garbage-collector
  • 14. Tuning the ESB • Configure transport thread pools • Configured through nhttp.properties file • IO dispatcher threads carry out network IO at the wire level • Recommended to have one IO dispatcher per CPU core • Server workers and client workers mediate the messages • More the merrier (But keep memory usage and load in mind)
  • 15. Message Relay Mode • WSO2 ESB uses Apache AXIOM and the StAX API for processing XML • XML payloads are streamed through the ESB • Pull parsing model • But for pure routing, load-balancing and header- only mediation we can avoid even this step • Message relay mode works around this glitch and enables 100% pure streaming of messages • Works regardless of size and format of messages
  • 16. Enabling Message Relay • Enable the binary relay builder (axis2.xml) • Instructs the ESB to stream the incoming messages through without touching their payloads • Enable the expanding message formatter (axis2.xml) • Allows the ESB to send messages that were received through the binary relay builder <messageBuilder contentType="application/xml" class="org.wso2.carbon.relay.BinaryRelayBuilder"/> <messageFormatter contentType="application/xml" class="org.wso2.carbon.relay.ExpandingMessageFormatter"/> • Above configuration tells the ESB to process all application/xml messages in message relay mode.
  • 17. HTTP Relay Transport • Brand new in WSO2 ESB 4.0 release • Non blocking HTTP transport implementation specially designed for streaming messages • Doesn’t require the binary relay builder and expanding formatter • To enable, simply uncomment the relevant entries in the axis2.xml file
  • 18. Performance © WSO2 2011
  • 19. Error Handling • In a large scale, high throughput deployment, errors are not unusual – Expect the unexpected • Configure endpoints to gracefully handle the common errors • Connection timeouts • Connection close/reset • Connection refused • HTTP protocol violations!!!!
  • 20. More on Error Handling • Configure sequences to clearly log errors and if needed notify system administrators • In case the back end server fails to respond, send detailed fault responses to clients – Makes your application more appealing to the customers • Pay attention to HTTP error codes
  • 21. Monitoring • In general keep an eye on: • CPU usage • Memory usage • Thread counts • Fault counts • Latency/Response time • Active connections
  • 22. Monitoring Tools • Utilities Provided by OS • top • netstat • Mediation statistics • JMX Clients • Jconsole
  • 23. Connections © WSO2 2011
  • 24. Endpoints © WSO2 2011
  • 25. Latency © WSO2 2011
  • 26. Listeners © WSO2 2011
  • 27. Memory and Garbage Collection © WSO2 2011
  • 28. S2S Latency © WSO2 2011
  • 29. Threads © WSO2 2011
  • 30. Questions? http://www.flickr.com/photos/oberazzi/ 30
  • 31. Resources • http://wso2.com/landing/ebay-the-esb-casestudy/ • WSO2 ESB 4.0 Download and Library • http://wso2.org/library/esb • Message Relay Mode • http://wso2.org/project/esb/java/4.0.0/docs/messag e_relay.html • Twitter: @pzfreo • Blogs: • http://pzf.fremantle.org • http://techfeast-hiranya.blogspot.com/ • Email: paul@wso2.com hiranya@wso2.com © WSO2 2011