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Group dynamics

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The document discusses group dynamics and decision making. It defines what constitutes a group and explores the nature of groups, including that they require at least two people, interaction, a reasonable size, shared goals and stability. It examines reasons for group formation such as warmth, support, power, affiliations and recognition. The document also covers types of groups, models of group behavior, determinants of group cohesion and techniques for group decision making.

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GROUP DYNAMICS
WHAT IS A GROUP  A collection of two or more interacting individuals with a stable pattern of interaction between them who share common goals and who perceive themselves to be a group.  Hence it is an outcome of :- - Mutual interaction - Regular face to face interaction - Sustained period of time - Shared interest - Mutual awareness and collective identity
THE NATURE OF GROUPS
1. TWO OR MORE PERSONS  Atleast two members are required for the existence of a group  Dependency on each other  Awareness that the job success cannot be achieved without each others success
2. INTERACTION  Each member must interact with one more member on a regular basis.  Communication is necessitated- face to face, telephonic, computer, etc
3. REASONABLE SIZE  Tendency to grow upto any size  Groups of reasonable size are ideal for an organization  Large groups hinders the flow of communication
4. SHARED GOAL INTEREST  The efforts of every member should be purported for realization of common goal  Each member needs to share common interest
5. STABILITY  Groups must have stable structure  Groups tend to change, but there must be consistency in there relationship.  Group stability enables the members to be together and keep functioning as a unit.
6. COLLECTIVE IDENTITIY  Each member believes that he is a member of or is a participant in some specific group  Hence the awareness of each other clearly differentiates a group from a mere collection of persons
WARMTH & GOAL SUPPORT ACCOMPLISHMENT POWER REASONS FOR GROUP PROXIMITY FORMATION AFFILIATIONS RECOGNITION SECURITY
1.Warmth & Support -Groups provide love, warmth & support - Sense of being loved and belongingness motivates employees to perform better -While, the solitary & the feeling of confinement brings dissatisfaction among the employees 2. POWER -Unity has a considerable strength -What cannot be achieved individually can be realised through joint coordinated efforts
3. AFFILIATIONS - A regular, healthy interaction among members has a soothing effect on psychology - Exchanging smiles, chatting, group participation leads to a sense of togetherness - Some members have a genuine appetite for such lively social interactions 4. RECOGNITION - Work group is a primary source of recognition, esteem & status for many individuals - Membership in a high status group can help an individual acquire esteem and praise in the eyes of people outside the group.
5. PROXIMITY - People tend to form groups with people who live or work together in close surroundings -Proximity makes it possible to learn about each others characteristics, exchange ideas & attitudes regarding on & off the job activities 6. GOAL ACCOMPLISHMENT - The pool of acumen, specialization, experience enables to resolve complex organisational problems -The collective & coordinated efforts of members provide a synergetic effect in accomplishing the goals
TYPES OF GROUPS 1.Formal Groups 2.Informal Groups
MODELS OF GROUP BEHAVIOUR 1. Moreno’s Sociometric Analysis 2. Homans Model
SOCIOGRAM REPRESENTATIONS Like Dislike D A B Can you identify? 1. The Isolate 2. The Leader 3. Any Alliances E C
SOCIOGRAM REPRESENTATIONS Like Dislike D A B 1. Isolate = D 2. Leader = A 3. Alliances = A & E C B, C & E
HOMANS MODEL • Activity • Interaction • Sentiments
GROUP COHESION • The concept of cohesion has been an important factor in the study of group behavior and its significance is often a source of motivation for group leaders. • Cliches such as "Together We Stand, Divided We Fall", "There is No I in Team", or "Players Play, Teams Win" are often used to show individuals the importance of team cohesion.
Cohesion = Attraction, Liking Attraction between members Attraction Cohesion Attraction to the group-as- a-whole
Cohesion = Unity  Cohesive groups stick together as members “cohere” to one another &the group  The group is unified; solidarity is high in the group.  Members report feeling a sense of belonging to the group
Cohesion = Unity Group Unity Unity Cohesion Belonging (part of the group)
DETERMINANTS OF GROUP COHESIVENESS Location Status
GROUP DECISION MAKING Group Decision Making is an activity based on the adage that “two heads are better than one”. It permits the coming together of people with heterogeneous characteristics who can understand the problem in a better way and hence, develop creative alternatives leading to effective group performance. Most decision in organization are made in a group context only. Group Vs. The Individual.
The Decision- Making Process Define the Evaluate Implement the Problem Alternatives chosen Alternative Gather facts and Select the best Follow up and evaluate develop alternative. the chosen alternative. alternatives.
STRENGTH OF GROUP DECISION MAKING  Greater knowledge & information.  More approaches to a problem.  Increased acceptance.  Better comprehension of the decision.
WEAKNESSES OF GROUP DECISION MAKING.  Time consuming.  Pressures to conform.  Individual domination.  Conflicting alternative solutions.  The problem of responsibility.
GROUP DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUES. ORDINARY GROUP INTERACTION Members meet face to face. Rely on verbal and non verbal interaction to communicate each other. Interacting groups often censor themselves and pressure individual members toward conformity of opinion. BRAINSTORMING Process for generating ideas. Members express themselves freely, means as many alternatives as they can give. No criticism is allowed.
NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE  Restrict verbal interaction between members.  A nominal group is simply a paper group.  The essential idea is to restrict interpersonal communication and increase the deliberation and contribution of individual members.  It is superior to real groups in terms of number of ideas, uniqueness of ideas and quality of ideas.
DELPHI TECHNIQUE Members in Delphi technique are physically dispersed and do not meet face to face. The key to Delphi process is the anonymous input. The anonymous tends to eliminate the counter productive effects that status, intimidation, emotion, face saving and argumentation can have in traditional interacting group decision making procedures. This technique is used for long range forecasting.
Any Questions? THANK YOU!

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Group dynamics

  • 2. WHAT IS A GROUP  A collection of two or more interacting individuals with a stable pattern of interaction between them who share common goals and who perceive themselves to be a group.  Hence it is an outcome of :- - Mutual interaction - Regular face to face interaction - Sustained period of time - Shared interest - Mutual awareness and collective identity
  • 3. THE NATURE OF GROUPS
  • 4. 1. TWO OR MORE PERSONS  Atleast two members are required for the existence of a group  Dependency on each other  Awareness that the job success cannot be achieved without each others success
  • 5. 2. INTERACTION  Each member must interact with one more member on a regular basis.  Communication is necessitated- face to face, telephonic, computer, etc
  • 6. 3. REASONABLE SIZE  Tendency to grow upto any size  Groups of reasonable size are ideal for an organization  Large groups hinders the flow of communication
  • 7. 4. SHARED GOAL INTEREST  The efforts of every member should be purported for realization of common goal  Each member needs to share common interest
  • 8. 5. STABILITY  Groups must have stable structure  Groups tend to change, but there must be consistency in there relationship.  Group stability enables the members to be together and keep functioning as a unit.
  • 9. 6. COLLECTIVE IDENTITIY  Each member believes that he is a member of or is a participant in some specific group  Hence the awareness of each other clearly differentiates a group from a mere collection of persons
  • 10. WARMTH & GOAL SUPPORT ACCOMPLISHMENT POWER REASONS FOR GROUP PROXIMITY FORMATION AFFILIATIONS RECOGNITION SECURITY
  • 11. 1.Warmth & Support -Groups provide love, warmth & support - Sense of being loved and belongingness motivates employees to perform better -While, the solitary & the feeling of confinement brings dissatisfaction among the employees 2. POWER -Unity has a considerable strength -What cannot be achieved individually can be realised through joint coordinated efforts
  • 12. 3. AFFILIATIONS - A regular, healthy interaction among members has a soothing effect on psychology - Exchanging smiles, chatting, group participation leads to a sense of togetherness - Some members have a genuine appetite for such lively social interactions 4. RECOGNITION - Work group is a primary source of recognition, esteem & status for many individuals - Membership in a high status group can help an individual acquire esteem and praise in the eyes of people outside the group.
  • 13. 5. PROXIMITY - People tend to form groups with people who live or work together in close surroundings -Proximity makes it possible to learn about each others characteristics, exchange ideas & attitudes regarding on & off the job activities 6. GOAL ACCOMPLISHMENT - The pool of acumen, specialization, experience enables to resolve complex organisational problems -The collective & coordinated efforts of members provide a synergetic effect in accomplishing the goals
  • 14. TYPES OF GROUPS 1.Formal Groups 2.Informal Groups
  • 15. MODELS OF GROUP BEHAVIOUR 1. Moreno’s Sociometric Analysis 2. Homans Model
  • 16. SOCIOGRAM REPRESENTATIONS Like Dislike D A B Can you identify? 1. The Isolate 2. The Leader 3. Any Alliances E C
  • 17. SOCIOGRAM REPRESENTATIONS Like Dislike D A B 1. Isolate = D 2. Leader = A 3. Alliances = A & E C B, C & E
  • 18. HOMANS MODEL • Activity • Interaction • Sentiments
  • 19. GROUP COHESION • The concept of cohesion has been an important factor in the study of group behavior and its significance is often a source of motivation for group leaders. • Cliches such as "Together We Stand, Divided We Fall", "There is No I in Team", or "Players Play, Teams Win" are often used to show individuals the importance of team cohesion.
  • 20. Cohesion = Attraction, Liking Attraction between members Attraction Cohesion Attraction to the group-as- a-whole
  • 21. Cohesion = Unity  Cohesive groups stick together as members “cohere” to one another &the group  The group is unified; solidarity is high in the group.  Members report feeling a sense of belonging to the group
  • 22. Cohesion = Unity Group Unity Unity Cohesion Belonging (part of the group)
  • 23. DETERMINANTS OF GROUP COHESIVENESS Location Status
  • 24. GROUP DECISION MAKING Group Decision Making is an activity based on the adage that “two heads are better than one”. It permits the coming together of people with heterogeneous characteristics who can understand the problem in a better way and hence, develop creative alternatives leading to effective group performance. Most decision in organization are made in a group context only. Group Vs. The Individual.
  • 25. The Decision- Making Process Define the Evaluate Implement the Problem Alternatives chosen Alternative Gather facts and Select the best Follow up and evaluate develop alternative. the chosen alternative. alternatives.
  • 26. STRENGTH OF GROUP DECISION MAKING  Greater knowledge & information.  More approaches to a problem.  Increased acceptance.  Better comprehension of the decision.
  • 27. WEAKNESSES OF GROUP DECISION MAKING.  Time consuming.  Pressures to conform.  Individual domination.  Conflicting alternative solutions.  The problem of responsibility.
  • 28. GROUP DECISION MAKING TECHNIQUES. ORDINARY GROUP INTERACTION Members meet face to face. Rely on verbal and non verbal interaction to communicate each other. Interacting groups often censor themselves and pressure individual members toward conformity of opinion. BRAINSTORMING Process for generating ideas. Members express themselves freely, means as many alternatives as they can give. No criticism is allowed.
  • 29. NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE  Restrict verbal interaction between members.  A nominal group is simply a paper group.  The essential idea is to restrict interpersonal communication and increase the deliberation and contribution of individual members.  It is superior to real groups in terms of number of ideas, uniqueness of ideas and quality of ideas.
  • 30. DELPHI TECHNIQUE Members in Delphi technique are physically dispersed and do not meet face to face. The key to Delphi process is the anonymous input. The anonymous tends to eliminate the counter productive effects that status, intimidation, emotion, face saving and argumentation can have in traditional interacting group decision making procedures. This technique is used for long range forecasting.