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Fundamentalsof Crime Mapping Arc Gis Tables

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The document discusses various methods for symbolizing data in GIS software. It describes different types of data like nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio data that can be symbolized. It then explains several symbolization methods for different data types including single symbol, category, quantities, and labeling. Category and quantities methods can classify data using approaches such as equal interval, defined interval, quantile, natural breaks, geometrical interval and standard deviation. Labeling options are also covered.

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Fundamentalsof Crime Mapping Arc Gis Tables
The data behind the  graphic
Right click the theme to get this dialog menu. Click “Open Attribute Table” to see the data behind the graphic
“Options” button provides another dialog menu that lets you work with table data Field Names or Columns Rows or Records Add a new field, that can then be “calculated” or manually entered A table can be added to a layout or exported as DBF
Name of New Field (10 Characters) Field Type Options
Symbology properties  are different depending on if you are working with points, lines, or polygons. The easiest is to work  with is Single Symbol features where everything in the layer is displayed using the same symbol Can use nominal,  ordinal, ratio or interval data
Some symbol methods may not be useful (pie  charts for example) Markers 
Some symbol methods may not be useful (pie  charts for example)  Lines or Arcs
Nominal (categories), Ordinal, Interval and Ratio  (Quantities) can be used with different methods Fills and outlines  Nominal data example Ratio Data Example
Category data  symbology comes next It displays data  by unique values of a field, or multiple fields Nominal, ordinal,  ratio or interval data
Next, comes the  quantities symbology method  It uses a number field in the table to display data by classified values  Ratio and interval data
Six different ways to classify data, with an  added manual method for infinite freedom
Equal Interval  Defined Interval  Quantile  Natural Breaks  Geometrical Interval  Standard Deviation 
Categorical (Qualitative)  Grouping based on some quality ◦ Labels or categories ◦ E.g.; Sex = Male or Female ◦ Nominal or Ordinal ◦  Nominal the order is not important  E.g.: Sex = male or female  Ordinal the order is important  E.g.; Rank = Officer, Sergeant, Lieutenant, etc ◦ Can be binary or non-binary  Binary = only two values (male or female)  Non-Binary = More than two (red, blonde, brunette, etc)
Measurement (Quantitative)  ◦ Grouping based on some quantity or value ◦ Always numbers ◦ Discrete or continuous  Discrete = only certain values are possible and data could have gaps (1, 2, 3, or 4)  Continuous = Any value along some interval (any value between 1 and 4 (ie: 3.24211) ◦ Interval or ratio  In interval data the interval between values is important (ie; temperature of 30 compared to 110 means something)  Ratio data is the best, and the “0” value can be informative (ie; a grid can have 0 crimes, or any value up to infinity)
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb  /index.php
Number of Equal Interval (ratio, Interval)  classes desired ◦ The range between the classifications is thedetermines interval same Take the high value-low value and for each of the 5 classes, the value is 199.61
Defined Interval (ratio, interval)  ◦ Similar to the equal interval, but here, we define what the interval will be and thus establish the classes In this case the interval was set to 150, and so the number of classes is determined by the interval
Quantile (ratio, interval)  ◦ A percentage of the values in the class falling with the range. Each class contains an equal number of features. Each of the 10 classes has the same number of features within each class, or makes up 10% of the total records
Natural Breaks (ratio, interval)  ◦ Breaks the data where there are natural holes between values Use test exam score example
Geometrical Interval (ratio, interval)  ◦ This is a classification scheme where the class breaks are based on class intervals that have a geometrical series. This ensures that each class range has approximately the same number of values with each class and that the change between intervals is fairly consistent. The interval is determined by a geometric equation (large and small changes depending on breaks in data)
Standard Deviation (ratio, interval)  ◦ Classes are determined by mean and standard deviation of values. Can display by 1, ½, ¼ standard deviations as needed
Right click the theme and choose properties,  then choose the Labels tab You can combine fields for labeling Can label all features the same, or use a query to label features differently Infinite text choices Use a field in the data for the labels that is good Control over placement options, scale at which labels draw and styles are available
Use to select data by a SQL query  Click this

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Fundamentalsof Crime Mapping Arc Gis Tables

  • 2. The data behind the  graphic
  • 3. Right click the theme to get this dialog menu. Click “Open Attribute Table” to see the data behind the graphic
  • 4. “Options” button provides another dialog menu that lets you work with table data Field Names or Columns Rows or Records Add a new field, that can then be “calculated” or manually entered A table can be added to a layout or exported as DBF
  • 5. Name of New Field (10 Characters) Field Type Options
  • 6. Symbology properties  are different depending on if you are working with points, lines, or polygons. The easiest is to work  with is Single Symbol features where everything in the layer is displayed using the same symbol Can use nominal,  ordinal, ratio or interval data
  • 7. Some symbol methods may not be useful (pie  charts for example) Markers 
  • 8. Some symbol methods may not be useful (pie  charts for example)  Lines or Arcs
  • 9. Nominal (categories), Ordinal, Interval and Ratio  (Quantities) can be used with different methods Fills and outlines  Nominal data example Ratio Data Example
  • 10. Category data  symbology comes next It displays data  by unique values of a field, or multiple fields Nominal, ordinal,  ratio or interval data
  • 11. Next, comes the  quantities symbology method  It uses a number field in the table to display data by classified values  Ratio and interval data
  • 12. Six different ways to classify data, with an  added manual method for infinite freedom
  • 13. Equal Interval  Defined Interval  Quantile  Natural Breaks  Geometrical Interval  Standard Deviation 
  • 14. Categorical (Qualitative)  Grouping based on some quality ◦ Labels or categories ◦ E.g.; Sex = Male or Female ◦ Nominal or Ordinal ◦  Nominal the order is not important  E.g.: Sex = male or female  Ordinal the order is important  E.g.; Rank = Officer, Sergeant, Lieutenant, etc ◦ Can be binary or non-binary  Binary = only two values (male or female)  Non-Binary = More than two (red, blonde, brunette, etc)
  • 15. Measurement (Quantitative)  ◦ Grouping based on some quantity or value ◦ Always numbers ◦ Discrete or continuous  Discrete = only certain values are possible and data could have gaps (1, 2, 3, or 4)  Continuous = Any value along some interval (any value between 1 and 4 (ie: 3.24211) ◦ Interval or ratio  In interval data the interval between values is important (ie; temperature of 30 compared to 110 means something)  Ratio data is the best, and the “0” value can be informative (ie; a grid can have 0 crimes, or any value up to infinity)
  • 17. Number of Equal Interval (ratio, Interval)  classes desired ◦ The range between the classifications is thedetermines interval same Take the high value-low value and for each of the 5 classes, the value is 199.61
  • 18. Defined Interval (ratio, interval)  ◦ Similar to the equal interval, but here, we define what the interval will be and thus establish the classes In this case the interval was set to 150, and so the number of classes is determined by the interval
  • 19. Quantile (ratio, interval)  ◦ A percentage of the values in the class falling with the range. Each class contains an equal number of features. Each of the 10 classes has the same number of features within each class, or makes up 10% of the total records
  • 20. Natural Breaks (ratio, interval)  ◦ Breaks the data where there are natural holes between values Use test exam score example
  • 21. Geometrical Interval (ratio, interval)  ◦ This is a classification scheme where the class breaks are based on class intervals that have a geometrical series. This ensures that each class range has approximately the same number of values with each class and that the change between intervals is fairly consistent. The interval is determined by a geometric equation (large and small changes depending on breaks in data)
  • 22. Standard Deviation (ratio, interval)  ◦ Classes are determined by mean and standard deviation of values. Can display by 1, ½, ¼ standard deviations as needed
  • 23. Right click the theme and choose properties,  then choose the Labels tab You can combine fields for labeling Can label all features the same, or use a query to label features differently Infinite text choices Use a field in the data for the labels that is good Control over placement options, scale at which labels draw and styles are available
  • 24. Use to select data by a SQL query  Click this