Functional Programming in Clojure
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Paul Graham, the founder of startup incubator YCombinator, put it best when he described LISP as his old company's secret weapon. Think about, if you use all of the same tools as everyone else, how do you expect to achieve better results? Clojure is a LISP language created in 2009 by Rich Hickey. Built initially on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) it has since been ported to run on Microsoft and JavaScript. (That's right the browser). Clojure gives you all of the power and stability of the JVM without the clunkiness of Java. Most developers have never worked with a functional language before and many who have found the use of parenthesis instead of braces intimidating. Don't worry. Once it is broken down to you, I think you will see the beauty of it. In this fast and fun session, we will build an app using Clojure. We will enhance it, test it and explore why functional is a better programming model than OOPs. We will even explore why such programs are better at multitasking than object oriented ones.
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Functional Programming in Clojure
- 1. SoCal Code Camp 12+13 November 2016 Functional Programming in Clojure
- 2. Troy Miles • Troy Miles aka the RocknCoder • Over 37 years of programming experience • Speaker and author • Author of jQuery Essentials • bit.ly/rc-jquerybook • rockncoder@gmail.com • @therockncoder
- 3. Build Mobile Apps! • Develop mobile apps with Ionic and AngularJS • Learn the Ionic CLI • Fetch data via ajax • Deploy your app to Android & iOS • bit.ly/ionicvideo
- 5. Our Agenda • Clojure? • Lisp • The Java Virtual Machine • Leiningen • Functional Programming
- 6. Clojure?
- 7. –Paul Graham “Lisp is worth learning for the profound enlightenment experience you will have when you finally get it; that experience will make you a better programmer for the rest of your days, even if you never actually use Lisp itself a lot.”
- 8. What is Clojure? • A dynamic, general-purpose programming language • A Modern Lisp • Designed to be hosted • Functional, but practical
- 9. Other Hosts for Clojure • ClojureScript - Compiles to JavaScript • Clojure CLR - Compiles to IL, for Microsoft’s CLR
- 10. ClojureScript • Clojure + ClojureScript used together by 66% of the community • Om / Reagent - Interfaces for Facebook’s React Library • Mori - ClojureScript’s Immutable data structure for vanilla JavaScript
- 11. Companies using Clojure • Walmart Labs • Puppet Labs • ThoughtWorks • Amazon • Facebook • Groupon • Intuit • Salesforce • Zendesk
- 12. –Paul Graham “I suppose I should learn Lisp, but it seems so foreign.”
- 13. Lisp? Lisp! • Created in 1958 by John McCarthy • Second oldest high-level language still in use today • Influenced by Alonzo Church’s lambda calculus • A family of languages including: Common Lisp, Scheme, Emacs Lisp
- 14. Lisp Innovations • recursive function • dynamically allocated memory • garbage collection • lexical closures • macros
- 15. The Java Virtual Machine • An abstract computing machine that allows a computer run a Java program • Type system • Garbage collection • Threads • Just-in-time compiler (JIT) • Favorite target of criminal hackers
- 16. JVM Languages • Ceylon - Java competitor from Red Hat • Groovy - OOP langage • JRuby - Ruby on the JVM • Jython - Python on the JVM • Kotlin - Java competitor from JetBrains • Rhino/Nashorn - JavaScript engines • Scala - OOP / Functional language
- 17. Build Tools • Apache Maven • Leiningen
- 18. Leiningen • A tool for automating Clojure projects • Written in Clojure • Open source and maintained by a large community • A play on another famous build tool, Apache Ant
- 19. Using Leiningen • Searches from repos • lein new app my-stuff
- 20. Directory ├── CHANGELOG.md ├── LICENSE ├── README.md ├── doc │ └── intro.md ├── project.clj ├── resources ├── src │ └── my_app │ └── core.clj └── test └── my_app └── core_test.clj
- 21. Editors / IDEs • Emacs - created in 1976 • Vim - created in 1991 • Eclipse + Counterclockwise - created in 2001 • Intellij IDEA + Cursive - created in 2001
- 22. What is Functional Programming?
- 23. Key Functional Features • Pure functions • First-class / High order functions • Immutable data • Recursion • Referential transparency
- 24. Functional vs. Imperative what? functional imperative primary construct function class instance state change bad important order of execution not important important flow control function calls recursion loops, conditionals, method calls
- 25. Sample Languages mostly functional mixed mostly imperative Lisp/Scheme JavaScript Java ML Scala C# Haskell Python C++ Clojure Dart Swift F# Lua Ruby Erlang R Kotlin
- 26. Pure Functions • Must return a value • Must accept at least one argument • Can’t produce any side-effects • Must return the same output for a given input
- 27. Pure Functions Are Super • Cacheable • Portable • Self-documenting • Testable • Reasonable
- 28. First-Class Functions • Assigned to variables • Stored in arrays • Passed as arguments to other functions • Returned from functions
- 29. Higher-Order Functions • Accept other functions as parameter • And/or return a function • Allows for the creation of function factories • This is the core of the curry function
- 30. Code Samples
- 31. 1 (function () { 2 'use strict'; 3 const fizzBuzz = function () { 4 for (let i = 1; i <= 100; i += 1) { 5 let printVal = i + ' '; 6 if (i % 3 === 0) { 7 printVal += 'Fizz'; 8 } 9 if (i % 5 === 0) { 10 printVal += 'Buzz'; 11 } 12 console.info(printVal); 13 } 14 }; 15 fizzBuzz(); 16 }()); FizzBuzz in JavaScript
- 32. FizzBuzz in Clojure 1 (defn fizzbuzz [start finish] 2 (map (fn [n] 3 (cond 4 (zero? (mod n 15)) "FizzBuzz" 5 (zero? (mod n 3)) "Fizz" 6 (zero? (mod n 5)) "Buzz" 7 :else n)) 8 (range start finish))) 9 10 (fizzbuzz 1 100)
- 33. Links • Clojure - http://clojure.org/ • ClojureScript - http://clojurescript.org/ • ClojureCLR - http://clojure.org/about/clojureclr • Clojure Docs - http://clojure-doc.org/ • Try Clojure - http://www.tryclj.com/
- 34. More Links • Om - https://github.com/omcljs/om • Reagent - https://reagent-project.github.io/ • Mori - https://github.com/swannodette/mori • Clojure/Android - https://github.com/clojure-android • Leiningen - http://leiningen.org/
- 35. And Even More Links • SICP Online - http://web.mit.edu/alexmv/6.037/ sicp.pdf • Paul Graham - http://paulgraham.com/avg.html
- 36. Summary • Clojure is functional language on the JVM • It is interoperable with Java • It has a Lisp syntax which is not
- 37. –Edsger Dijkstra “Object-oriented programming is an exceptionally bad idea which could only have originated in California.”