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FOSS

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Dr. Malliga P
Dr. Malliga P

The document discusses open source software and its impact on education. It provides definitions of open source from organizations like OSI and notes that open source promotes collaboration, peer review and rapid evolution. It outlines how open source has benefited education through open courseware from universities, online encyclopedias, open access journals and libraries, and open source software for operating systems, browsers, and more. Individuals and organizations around the world contribute to open education resources.

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Dr. P. Malliga Sr. System Analyst Computer Centre NITTTR, Chennai
 Understand the features of Open Source  Comprehend the Impact of the Open Source Model  Appreciate Your Responsibilities in Using Open Source
 Open Source is a development model volunteer volunteer volunteer volunteer Project lead
 Open Source - it's public collaboration on a software project  According to the Open Source Initiative (OSI), it can be defined this way: – “Open source promotes software reliability and quality by supporting independent peer review and rapid evolution of source code. To be OSI certified, the software must be distributed under a license that guarantees the right to read, redistribute, modify, and use the software freely.”  Open source can also apply to the popular movement of individuals, organizations, and companies that seek to put such software into mainstream usage
According to the Open Source Initiative, Open Source consists of 10 points, which are reproduced below 1. Free redistribution 2. Source code 3. Derived works 4. Integrity of the author’s source code 5. No discrimination against persons or groups 6. No discrimination against fields of endeavor 7. Distribution of license 8. License must not be specific to a product 9. License must not restrict other software 10.License must be technology-neutral
 Can be a major source of innovation – Innovation can happen anywhere – any time – Development through “open communities” leads to potentially broad ideas and creativity  Community Approach – The Internet has changed how we address technical innovation – Shapes technical leaders thinking and approach to broad collaboration  Good approach to developing emerging standards – Popular Open Source projects can become de facto / open standards – Wide distribution/deployment  Enterprise customers are asking for it – Increase choice and flexibility – adoption/use of Open Source can reduce time to market
 Open Source is a licensing distribution model too ◦ In many ways, just like commercial software ◦ You need to pay attention to restrictions and obligations  There are many kinds of Open Source licensing models ◦ GNU General Public License (“GPL”) ◦ GNU Lesser General Public License (“LGPL”) ◦ BSD, MIT, Apache ◦ Mozilla, IBM, Apple, Sun
 FOSS stands for Free and Open Source Software – Sometimes referred to as FLOSS (Free/Libre and Open Source Software)  This term is used for software that satisfies either the definition in free or the definition in Open Source, when there is no need to make a distinction  For an excellent study of Open Source Software and Free Software see David Wheeler’s paper – http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html
 Code Some popular world-class open source projects are Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP, Ruby  Collaboration Collaborative tools are the backbone of the open source way. Tools include version control systems, IRC, mailing lists, wikis, blogs to help developers working on building code together.  Community Sharing ideas and developing code across the Internet with developers all over the globe forms the community for most open source projects.
 The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit corporation founded by Richard Stallman on 4 October 1985 to support the free software movement, a copyleft-based movement which aims to promote the universal freedom to create, distribute and modify computer software.  “think of free as in free speech, not as in free beer“.
The GNU Project is a free software, mass collaboration project, announced on September 27, 1983, by Richard Stallman at MIT
What is Open Source Software (OSS)? • OSS: software licensed to users with these freedoms: – to run the program for any purpose, – to study and modify the program, and – to freely redistribute copies of either the original or modified program (without royalties, etc.) • Original term: “Free software” (confused with no-price) • Other synonyms: libre sw, free-libre sw, FOSS, FLOSS • Antonyms: proprietary software, closed software • Not non-commercial; OSS almost always commercial [For details see “Free Software Definition” & “Open Source Definition”]
OSS is clearly commercial by other measures too • Many OSS projects supported by commercial companies – IBM, Sun, Red Hat (solely OSS, market cap $4.3B), Novell, Microsoft (WiX, IronPython, SFU, Codeplex site) • Big money in OSS companies – Citrix bought XenSource ($500 million), Sun buying MySQL ($1 billion), Red Hat bought JBoss ($350 million), ... – IBM reports invested $1B in 2001, made it back in 2002 – Venture capital invested $1.44B in OSS 2001-2006 [InfoWorld] • Paid developers – Linux: 37K/38K changes; Apache: >1000 committers, 1 unpaid • OSS licenses/projects approve of commercial support • Sell service/hw, commoditize complements, avoid costs [See http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/commercial- floss.html]
Traditional Approach ( Brooks law) Open Source Approach ( Linus Law) Hierarchy Network Experts Peers Teams Communities Cathedral Bazaar Perfection Improvements Construction Evolution
“The next generation of computing is being led by users, rather than vendors.”
 Cost Effectiveness  Security  Availability of Source Code  Open Standard and Vendor independence  Reduced Maintains Cost  Better Quality Control  Localization  Legally Free  Easy Evaluation
FOSS
How Open Source Movement has changed the world of Education
 Think Global Act Local  If you want to leverage open source locally, you have to participate with the best globally  Learn from what you see, code and hear globally  Take that knowledge and educate others in your team locally  Build your local ecosystem  Use open source software, set an example  Support others who use open source software  Its cost-effective, transparent and makes money too
Colleges Organisation Online Encyclopedias Online Collections Operating Systems Software Browsers Education Individuals
 OpenCourseWare Consortium ◦ This group now includes members from 16 countries, not including the 14 additional affiliate organizations in its fold. Of these, China is the largest participant with 30 colleges that are active in OpenCourseWare Consortium programs under the organizational group CORE (China Open Resources for Education).  Sun Microsystems, Inc.'s ◦ Global Education and Learning Community  Open Source Education Foundation — Purpose is to enhance K-12 education through the use of technologies and concepts derived from The Open Source and Free Software movement.  School Forge — Mission is to unify independent organizations that advocate, use, and develop open resources for primary and secondary education.  Global Network Academy — Purpose is the research and development of open source tools that promote distance learning and online communities.
 Wikipedia  Citizendium - Sanger's experimental new wiki project.  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) - Stanford University's highly monitored source that meets academic standards and that can be used for citations.  Connexions - A Rice University initiative, Connexions is more than an encyclopedia in that approaches learning in modules (a non-linear approach) that develop into courses. This resource is so free with its content that it even offers to share its technology.
 Project Gutenberg: This open access project seems to fade in comparison to the updated presence provided by Google Scholar Beta. However, Project Gutenberg — launched in 1971 by Michael Hart — provides the first example of a free library project and the first producer of free electronic books. And, despite the fact that flashier faces have moved into this arena, Project Gutenberg still enjoys over two million downloads per month
 The Internet Archive also shores this category as an example of an open access resource. This nonprofit online library includes texts, audio, moving images, and software as well as archived Web pages in their collections. Like a paper library, this archive provides open access to researchers, historians, scholars, and the general public.
 Directory of Open Access Journals so you can find documents that might fit your interests.  DOAJ AS OF TODAY 6851 journals 3098 journals searchable at article level 612784 articles
 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT): ◦ MIT's OCW began to provide users with open access to class syllabi, lecture notes, course calendars, problem sets and solutions, exams, reading lists, and even a selection of video lectures in 2003.  NPTEL by Indian Government
 Linux
FOSS
 open source software/free software (OSS/FS)
 Google
 Evergreen  Koha  NewGenlib  OpenBiblio  PMB
 With resources like EDUCAUSE that focus on how open source projects can benefit teachers and students
 Linux/Open-Source offers more than cost savings ◦ Freedom, Flexibility; Platform to build a business on ◦ Set of commodity software components that can be put together for different purposes  Open-Source Software is more than Linux ◦ Sendmail, Apache, MySQL, PostgreSQL, LTSP ◦ JBoss, SQL-Ledger, OpenCRM, SpamAssassin ◦ Evolution, OpenOffice, Mozilla, KDE/Gnome, GAIM
 Linux on the desktop is a reality ◦ Email, Web Browser, Office Suite, IM Client, PDF Reader/Writer, File Manager  Server-centric computing ◦ Thin Clients (old, low-cost PCs) with Thick Server ◦ Simplified Administration ◦ OpenOffice can read/write MS-Office file formats ◦ Virus-free, spam-free environment!
 Software Market: Piracy and Non-consumption  Server-side usage increasing  Open Office on desktops  Lack of Government support  Windows/Office hardwired into school curriculum  Lack of a packaged software distribution network  Need to shift from consumption to production  Software development opportunity - can we lead the world?  Colleges as focal points for change  Enabler of the New, Emerging India
 In India open source software will have to come and stay in a big way for the benefit of our billion of people. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam  ICFOSS in Kerala
 Check out these websites ◦ opensource.org ◦ wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_software ◦ apache.org ◦ fsf.org ◦ linux.com ◦ dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html  Serious questions? Email osi@opensource.org  Thanks for your time!
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FOSS

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FOSS

  • 1. Dr. P. Malliga Sr. System Analyst Computer Centre NITTTR, Chennai
  • 2.  Understand the features of Open Source  Comprehend the Impact of the Open Source Model  Appreciate Your Responsibilities in Using Open Source
  • 3.  Open Source is a development model volunteer volunteer volunteer volunteer Project lead
  • 4.  Open Source - it's public collaboration on a software project  According to the Open Source Initiative (OSI), it can be defined this way: – “Open source promotes software reliability and quality by supporting independent peer review and rapid evolution of source code. To be OSI certified, the software must be distributed under a license that guarantees the right to read, redistribute, modify, and use the software freely.”  Open source can also apply to the popular movement of individuals, organizations, and companies that seek to put such software into mainstream usage
  • 5. According to the Open Source Initiative, Open Source consists of 10 points, which are reproduced below 1. Free redistribution 2. Source code 3. Derived works 4. Integrity of the author’s source code 5. No discrimination against persons or groups 6. No discrimination against fields of endeavor 7. Distribution of license 8. License must not be specific to a product 9. License must not restrict other software 10.License must be technology-neutral
  • 6.  Can be a major source of innovation – Innovation can happen anywhere – any time – Development through “open communities” leads to potentially broad ideas and creativity  Community Approach – The Internet has changed how we address technical innovation – Shapes technical leaders thinking and approach to broad collaboration  Good approach to developing emerging standards – Popular Open Source projects can become de facto / open standards – Wide distribution/deployment  Enterprise customers are asking for it – Increase choice and flexibility – adoption/use of Open Source can reduce time to market
  • 7.  Open Source is a licensing distribution model too ◦ In many ways, just like commercial software ◦ You need to pay attention to restrictions and obligations  There are many kinds of Open Source licensing models ◦ GNU General Public License (“GPL”) ◦ GNU Lesser General Public License (“LGPL”) ◦ BSD, MIT, Apache ◦ Mozilla, IBM, Apple, Sun
  • 8.  FOSS stands for Free and Open Source Software – Sometimes referred to as FLOSS (Free/Libre and Open Source Software)  This term is used for software that satisfies either the definition in free or the definition in Open Source, when there is no need to make a distinction  For an excellent study of Open Source Software and Free Software see David Wheeler’s paper – http://www.dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html
  • 9.  Code Some popular world-class open source projects are Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP, Ruby  Collaboration Collaborative tools are the backbone of the open source way. Tools include version control systems, IRC, mailing lists, wikis, blogs to help developers working on building code together.  Community Sharing ideas and developing code across the Internet with developers all over the globe forms the community for most open source projects.
  • 10.  The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a non-profit corporation founded by Richard Stallman on 4 October 1985 to support the free software movement, a copyleft-based movement which aims to promote the universal freedom to create, distribute and modify computer software.  “think of free as in free speech, not as in free beer“.
  • 11. The GNU Project is a free software, mass collaboration project, announced on September 27, 1983, by Richard Stallman at MIT
  • 12. What is Open Source Software (OSS)? • OSS: software licensed to users with these freedoms: – to run the program for any purpose, – to study and modify the program, and – to freely redistribute copies of either the original or modified program (without royalties, etc.) • Original term: “Free software” (confused with no-price) • Other synonyms: libre sw, free-libre sw, FOSS, FLOSS • Antonyms: proprietary software, closed software • Not non-commercial; OSS almost always commercial [For details see “Free Software Definition” & “Open Source Definition”]
  • 13. OSS is clearly commercial by other measures too • Many OSS projects supported by commercial companies – IBM, Sun, Red Hat (solely OSS, market cap $4.3B), Novell, Microsoft (WiX, IronPython, SFU, Codeplex site) • Big money in OSS companies – Citrix bought XenSource ($500 million), Sun buying MySQL ($1 billion), Red Hat bought JBoss ($350 million), ... – IBM reports invested $1B in 2001, made it back in 2002 – Venture capital invested $1.44B in OSS 2001-2006 [InfoWorld] • Paid developers – Linux: 37K/38K changes; Apache: >1000 committers, 1 unpaid • OSS licenses/projects approve of commercial support • Sell service/hw, commoditize complements, avoid costs [See http://www.dwheeler.com/essays/commercial- floss.html]
  • 14. Traditional Approach ( Brooks law) Open Source Approach ( Linus Law) Hierarchy Network Experts Peers Teams Communities Cathedral Bazaar Perfection Improvements Construction Evolution
  • 15. “The next generation of computing is being led by users, rather than vendors.”
  • 16.  Cost Effectiveness  Security  Availability of Source Code  Open Standard and Vendor independence  Reduced Maintains Cost  Better Quality Control  Localization  Legally Free  Easy Evaluation
  • 18. How Open Source Movement has changed the world of Education
  • 19.  Think Global Act Local  If you want to leverage open source locally, you have to participate with the best globally  Learn from what you see, code and hear globally  Take that knowledge and educate others in your team locally  Build your local ecosystem  Use open source software, set an example  Support others who use open source software  Its cost-effective, transparent and makes money too
  • 21.  OpenCourseWare Consortium ◦ This group now includes members from 16 countries, not including the 14 additional affiliate organizations in its fold. Of these, China is the largest participant with 30 colleges that are active in OpenCourseWare Consortium programs under the organizational group CORE (China Open Resources for Education).  Sun Microsystems, Inc.'s ◦ Global Education and Learning Community  Open Source Education Foundation — Purpose is to enhance K-12 education through the use of technologies and concepts derived from The Open Source and Free Software movement.  School Forge — Mission is to unify independent organizations that advocate, use, and develop open resources for primary and secondary education.  Global Network Academy — Purpose is the research and development of open source tools that promote distance learning and online communities.
  • 22.  Wikipedia  Citizendium - Sanger's experimental new wiki project.  Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) - Stanford University's highly monitored source that meets academic standards and that can be used for citations.  Connexions - A Rice University initiative, Connexions is more than an encyclopedia in that approaches learning in modules (a non-linear approach) that develop into courses. This resource is so free with its content that it even offers to share its technology.
  • 23.  Project Gutenberg: This open access project seems to fade in comparison to the updated presence provided by Google Scholar Beta. However, Project Gutenberg — launched in 1971 by Michael Hart — provides the first example of a free library project and the first producer of free electronic books. And, despite the fact that flashier faces have moved into this arena, Project Gutenberg still enjoys over two million downloads per month
  • 24.  The Internet Archive also shores this category as an example of an open access resource. This nonprofit online library includes texts, audio, moving images, and software as well as archived Web pages in their collections. Like a paper library, this archive provides open access to researchers, historians, scholars, and the general public.
  • 25.  Directory of Open Access Journals so you can find documents that might fit your interests.  DOAJ AS OF TODAY 6851 journals 3098 journals searchable at article level 612784 articles
  • 26.  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT): ◦ MIT's OCW began to provide users with open access to class syllabi, lecture notes, course calendars, problem sets and solutions, exams, reading lists, and even a selection of video lectures in 2003.  NPTEL by Indian Government
  • 29.  open source software/free software (OSS/FS)
  • 31.  Evergreen  Koha  NewGenlib  OpenBiblio  PMB
  • 32.  With resources like EDUCAUSE that focus on how open source projects can benefit teachers and students
  • 33.  Linux/Open-Source offers more than cost savings ◦ Freedom, Flexibility; Platform to build a business on ◦ Set of commodity software components that can be put together for different purposes  Open-Source Software is more than Linux ◦ Sendmail, Apache, MySQL, PostgreSQL, LTSP ◦ JBoss, SQL-Ledger, OpenCRM, SpamAssassin ◦ Evolution, OpenOffice, Mozilla, KDE/Gnome, GAIM
  • 34.  Linux on the desktop is a reality ◦ Email, Web Browser, Office Suite, IM Client, PDF Reader/Writer, File Manager  Server-centric computing ◦ Thin Clients (old, low-cost PCs) with Thick Server ◦ Simplified Administration ◦ OpenOffice can read/write MS-Office file formats ◦ Virus-free, spam-free environment!
  • 35.  Software Market: Piracy and Non-consumption  Server-side usage increasing  Open Office on desktops  Lack of Government support  Windows/Office hardwired into school curriculum  Lack of a packaged software distribution network  Need to shift from consumption to production  Software development opportunity - can we lead the world?  Colleges as focal points for change  Enabler of the New, Emerging India
  • 36.  In India open source software will have to come and stay in a big way for the benefit of our billion of people. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam  ICFOSS in Kerala
  • 37.  Check out these websites ◦ opensource.org ◦ wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_software ◦ apache.org ◦ fsf.org ◦ linux.com ◦ dwheeler.com/oss_fs_why.html  Serious questions? Email osi@opensource.org  Thanks for your time!