Final exam for anatomy and physiology
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This document contains a final exam for Anatomy and Physiology with multiple choice questions covering various topics from different chapters in the textbook Memmler's - The Human Body in Health and Disease. The exam covers levels of organization in the body, chemistry and cells, tissues, disease, the skin, skeleton, muscles, nervous system, senses, endocrine system, blood, heart, circulation, lymphatic system, respiration, digestion, and metabolism. There are 73 multiple choice questions in total testing knowledge of these body systems and related topics.
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Final exam for anatomy and physiology
- 1. Final Exam for Anatomy and Physiology (Book used for this exam: Memmler’s- The Human Body in Health and Disease Multiple Choice: Select the best answer and write the letter of your choice in the blank. Chapter 1: Organization of the Human Body 1. The following terms pertain to levels of organization in the body: 1. Tissue 2. System 3. Cell 4. Organism 5. Organ The correct order from simplest to the most complex is A) 5,1,3,4,2 B) 3,1,5,2,4 C) 2,3,5,4,1 D) 4,5,2,1,3 E) 3,2,1,5,4 2. A directional term that means nearer to the head is A) Caudal B) Inferior C) Lateral D) Distal E) Cranial 3. The uppermost medial region of the abdomen is the A) Epigastric Region B) Inguinal Region C) Lumbar Region D) Hypochondriac Region E) Iliac Region 4. A plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts is a A) Transverse Plane B) Sagittal Plane C) Proximal Plane D) Frontal Plane E) Midsagittal Plane
- 2. Chapter 2: Chemistry,Matter,and Life 5. A chemical bond formed by the exchange of electrons is described as a (n) A) Covalent bond B) Electrolyte C) Coordinate Bond D) Ionic Bond E) Mixture 6. A neutral substance has a pH of A. 0 B. 6 C. 2 D. 14 E. 7 7. The element that makes up the greatest percentage by weight in the body is A) Potassium B) Oxygen C) Sulfur D) Sodium E) Nitrogen 8. Which of the following is NOT a compound? A) Water B) Table Salt C) Phosphorus D) Hydrochloric Acid E) Sodium Hydroxide
- 3. Chapter 3: Cells and Their Functions 9. Which of the following processes requires cellular energy? A. Osmosis B. Filtration C. Diffusion D. Active Transport E. None of the above 10. The plasma membrane is best described as A) Impermeable B) Solid C) Rigid D) Semi permeable E) Hypotonic 11. Within the cell, ribosome’s are attached to the A) Lysosomes B) Nucleolus C) Centriole D) Flagellum E) ER 12. The plasma membrane is composed mainly of A) Proteins and phospholipids B) Carbohydrates and Proteins C) Calcium salts and phospholipids D) Cholesterol and fats E) Amino acids and water
- 4. Chapter 4: Tissues,Glands,and Membranes 13. The connective tissue cells of the nervous system are A) Dendrites B) Neurilemmas C) Neuralgia D) Myelin E) Periosteum 14. The fibers of a neuron are A. Dendrites and fibrils B. Axons and dendrites C. Nuclei and Ribosomes D. Fibrils and ER E. Transporters and vesicles 15. The endocrine glands secrete A) Tears B) Saliva C) Mucus D) Hormones E) Digestive Juices 16. The cutaneous membrane is the A) Fascia B) Subcutaneous tissue C) Synovial Membrane D) Skin E) Pericardium
- 5. Chapter 5: Diseaseand Disease-Producing Organisms 17. A disease that is neither severe nor very long lasting is described as A) Chronic B) Aseptic C) Acute D) Bactericidal E) Sub acute 18. The incidence of a disease refers to its: A) Predisposing cause B) Range of occurrence C) Length of action D) Cause E) Severity 19. A manifestation of disease that is noted by a patient is a (n) A) Sign B) Epidemic C) Pandemic D) Symptoms E) Chain of Infection 20. A systemic infection is A) Generalized B) Local C) Undiagnosed D) Sub clinical E) Spread by water
- 6. Chapter 6: The Skin in Health and Disease 21. The hypodermis is the A) Follicle B) Subcutaneous Tissue C) Papilla D) Reticular Layer E) Deep fascia 22. News cells grow from the deepest layer of the epidermis, the A) Stratum Germinativum B) Elastic tissue C) Pigmented layer D) Adipose Layer E) Stratum Lucidum 23. The thickened outermost layer of the epidermis is the A) Appendage B) Corium C) Stratum Corneum D) Shealth E) Stratum Melanosis 24. A cheese like covering produces before birth by the sebaceous glands is the A) Acne vulgaris B) UVB C) Cyanosis D) Carotenemia E) Vernix Caseosa
- 7. Chapter 7: The Skeleton: Bones and Joints 25. A fontanel is a (n) A) Disk between vertebrae B) Soft spot in the infant skull C) Space for a bone cell D) Intervertebral Foramen E) Perpendicular Plate 26. The acetabulum is A) The joint between the first two cervical vertebrae B) A channel in compact bone C) One of the floating ribs D) The deep socket that holds the head of the femur E) The socket that holds the head of the humerus 27. When bones undergoes resorption it is A) Hardened B) Vascularized C) Restored D) Broken Down E) Reformed 28. The cells involved in bone resorption are A) Fibroblasts B) Chondrocytes C) Osteoclasts D) Osteocytes E) Osteoblasts
- 8. Chapter 8: The MuscularSystem 29. The striations in the skeletal muscle are: A) Regions betweens the cells B) Multiple Nuclei C) Visible Bands D) Spindle Shapes E) Plasma Membrane 30. A muscle that moves the head is the: A) Tibialis Anterior B) Rotator Cuff C) Serratus Anterior D) Gracilis E) Sternocleidomastoid 31. In naming muscles, the suffix –ceps means A) Size B) Attachment points C) Action D) Direction of fibers E) Shape 32. Which of the following is not a muscle of the head? A) Masseter B) Sacrospinalis C) Levator Palpebrae D) Temporal E) Orbicularis Oris
- 9. Chapter 9: The Nervous System: TheSpinalCord and Spinal Nerves 33. At the start of an action potential, the cell membrane A) Rests B) Depolarizes C) Loses Permeability D) Repolarizes E) Magnetizes 34. The central canal of the spinal cord contains A) Lymph B) Blood C) Saline D) Intracellular Fluid E) Cerebrospinal Fluid 35. The cell bodies of sensory neurons are in the A) Dorsal horn of the spinal cord B) Ventral Root C) Dorsal Root ganglion D) White matter of the spinal cord E) Gray matter of the spinal cord 36. Which of the following is NOT in the central nervous system? A) White matter B) Tract C) Interneuron D) Terminal Ganglion E) Gray Matter.
- 10. Chapter 10: TheNervousSystem:TheBrain and Cranial Nerve 37. The central sulcus separates the A) Parietal and Temporal lobes B) Frontal and occipital Lobes C) Frontal and parietal lobes D) Occipital and Temporal Lobes E) Temporal and Frontal Lobes 38. The lobe of the cerebrum that lies behind the parietal lobe and extends over the cerebellum is the: A) Insula B) Occipital Lobe C) Temporal Lobe D) Lateral Sulcus E) Parietal Lobe 39. Which of the following is not associated with the ventricles? A) Foramina B) Horns C) Choroid Plexus D) Cerebral Aqueduct E) Arachnoid Villi 40. The function of the dural sinuses is to A) Drain blood from the brain B) Separate the thalamus C) Surround the corpus Callosum D) Supply blood to the brain E) Manufacture CSF
- 11. Chapter 11 The Sensory System: 41. The receptors for vision are the A. Spindles and cilia B. Buds and fissures C. Humors and media D. Rods and cones E. Foveas and Maculas 42. Accommodation of the eye is A. Separation of the retina from the choroid. B. Changes in the thickness of the lens for near vision C. Production of tears D. Change in the size of the pupil E. Draining of the aqueous humor 43. The suspensory ligaments of the eye hold the A. Retina B. Conjunctiva C. Lens D. Choroid E. Pupil 44. Visual impulses are transmitted from the retina of the eyes to the cortex of the A. Occipital Lobe B. Frontal Lobe C. Brain Stem D. Pons E. Temporal Lobe
- 12. Chapter 12 The Endocrine System: Glands and Hormones 45. The infundibulum is the A. First vessel in the a portal system B. Stalk of the pituitary C. Inner portion of a follicle D. Outer portion of the parathyroids E. Bridge between the lobes of the thyroid 46. Which of the following is a gonadotropic hormone? A. Testosterone B. Aldosterone C. Thyroid-stimulating hormone D. Norepinephrine E. Luteinizing hormone 47. The posterior pituitary is controlled by A. Calcium B. Nerve impulses C. Gonadotropins D. Somatostatin E. Releasing hormones 48. Which of the following is not produced by the anterior pituitary? A. Luteinizing Hormone B. Growth Hormone C. Atrial natriurectic peptide D. Prolactin E. ACTH
- 13. Chapter 13 The Blood 49. The average total volume of blood in the body is about A. 70 kg B. 1500 mL C. 5 Liters D. 5 pints E. 500 mL 50. The pH of the blood is kept at about A. 7.0 B. 6.4 C. 7.4 D. 4.0 E. 8.0 51. A centrifuge is used to A. Spin blood to separate it B. Count the cells in a given volume of blood C. Measure clotting time of blood D. Examine blood under the microscope E. Test the Hemoglobin content of blood 52. Erythropoietin is A. A clotting factor B. An electrolyte C. A substance that transports carbon dioxide D. A product of fat digestion E. A hormone that stimulates RBC production
- 14. Chapter 14 The Heartand Heart Disease 53. An intercalated disc disk is A. A muscle in the heart wall B. A region in the apex of the heart C. The modified membrane of a cardiac muscle cell D. The tissue between the atria E. An entrance to a coronary artery. 54. . The coronary sinus A. Collects blood from the myocardium B. Regulates the heart Valves C. Supplies blood to the head D. Supplies blood to the heart E. Drains into the superior Vena Cava 55. The volume of blood ejected from each ventricle with each beat is the A. Cardiac Cycle B. Stroke Volume C. Heart Rate D. Cardiac Output E. Diastole 56. The first vessels that branch off the aorta are the A. Ventricular arteries B. Pulmonary Veins C. Pulmonary Arteries D. Azygous Veins E. Coronary Arteries
- 15. Chapter 15 Blood Vessels and Blood Circulation 57. Which of the following is an impaired artery? A. Common Iliac Artery B. Internal Carotid Artery C. Femoral Artery D. Subclavian Artery E. Brachiocephalic Artery 58. The phrenic artery supplies the A. Intestine B. Ovary C. Diaphragm D. Adrenal Gland E. Spleen 59. The carotid arteries supply blood to the A. Arm B. Thorax C. Head D. Heart E. Groin 60. Which of the following vessels supply blood to the intestine? A. Axillary B. Radial C. Suprarenal D. Mesenteric E. Tibial
- 16. Chapter 16: TheLymphatic System and LymphoidTissue 61. Lymphatic vessels located just below the skin are described as A. Thoracic B. Dilated C. Superficial D. Terminal E. Mesenteric 62. Which of the following is not characteristic of lymphatic vessels? A. They have thin walls B. They are blind-ended C. They are more permeable than blood capillaries D. They transport lymph to the tissues E. They are made of simple squamous epithelium 63. The veins that receive lymph from the two terminal lymphatic vessels are the A. Pulmonary Veins B. Subclavian Veins C. Inguinal Veins D. Carotid Veins E. Branchial Veins 64. The cisterna chyli is a A. Lymphatic artery B. Space between lymphatic cells C. Valve in a lymphatic vessel D. Storage area for lymph E. Form of interstitial fluid
- 17. Chapter 18: Respiration 65. The middle portion of the pharynx is the A. Laryngeal pharynx B. Septum C. Nasopharynx D. Oropharynx E. Conchae 66. Which of the following does not apply to the tissue that lines the respiratory conducting passageways? A. Epithelial B. Ciliated C. Squamous D. Pseudo stratified E. Columnar 67. The pleural space is located A. Inside the lungs B. Between the layers of the pleura C. Between the ribs D. Under the diaphragm E. In the nose 68. The Adam’s apple is formed by the A. Thyroid cartilage B. Epiglottis C. Cricoid Cartilage D. Hyoid bone E. Arytenoid cartilage
- 18. Chapter 19 Digestion 69. Caries is the scientific name for A. Inflammation of the salivary glands B. Crohn’s disease C. Indigestion D. Inflammation of the gums E. Tooth decay 70. The following are layers of the digestive tract walls: 1. Smooth muscle 2. Mucous membrane 3. Serous membrane 4. Sub mucosa A. 4,2,3,1 B. 3,1,4,2 C. 2,4,1,3 D. 1,3,2,4 E. 2,1,4,3 71. Which of the following is not a subdivision of the peritoneum? A. Endothelium B. Mesocolon C. Lesser omentum D. Mesentery E. Greater omentum 72. Which of the following is not an accessory organ of digestion? A. Salivary Gland B. Liver C. Gallbladder D. Pancreas E. Pylorus
- 19. Chapter 20 Metabolism,Nutrition and Body Temperature 73. The End products of cellular respiration are A. Water and glucose B. Lactic acid and thyroxine C. Carbon dioxide and water D. Epinephrine and carbon dioxide E. Pyruvic acid and oxygen 74. Most body heat is lost through the A. Feces B. Lungs C. Urine D. Hair E. Skin 75. The anaerobic phase of metabolism yields how many APT per glucose? A. 14 B. 2 C. 6 D. 90 E. 36 76. The normal body temperature is about? A. 25 C B. 98 C C. 50 F D. 37 C E. 37 F
- 20. Chapter 21 Body Fluids 77. The main route for water loss is the A. Nervous System B. Urinary System C. Digestive System D. Integumentary System E. Respiratory System 78. The average quantity of water consumed in a day is A. 1 quart B. 2 pints C. 5000 mL D. 2500 mL E. 250 mL 79. A substance that prevents water loss through the skin is A. Glycogen B. Albumin C. Keratin D. Collagen E. Cholesterol 80. The ions found in DNA and RNA is A. Calcium B. Iodine C. Iron D. Phosphate E. Bicarbonate 81. The main positive ion in extracelluar fluids is A. Sodium B. Hydrogen C. Calcium D. Potassium E. Chloride 82. The hormone that promotes the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney is A. Oxytocin B. Aldosterone C. Renin D. Erythropoietin E. Adrenaline
- 21. Chapter 22 The Urinary System 83. The first event in urine formation is A. Reabsorption B. Concentration of the urine C. Regulation of pH D. Tubular secretion E. Glomerular Filtration 84. An Active process that moves materials from the blood into the nephron is A. Diffusion B. Tubular Secretion C. The countercurrent mechanism D. Tubular reabsorption E. Osmosis 85. The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of cells in the A. Loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule B. Afferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule C. Urethra and bladder D. Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule E. Bowman’s Capsule and efferent arteriole 86. A force that drives materials out of the glomerulus and into Bowman’s Capsule is A. Blood pressure B. Osmotic pressure C. PH D. Peristalsis E. Pinocytosis 87. The term retroperitoneal means A. Around the peritoneum B. Within the kidney C. Behind the peritoneum D. Above the kidney E. Within the peritoneum 88. The urethral meatus is the A. Opening of the vagina B. Opening of the ureter into the bladder C. Upper portion of then penis D. Outside opening of the urethra E. Lining of the urethra
- 22. Chapter 23 The Male and Female ReproductiveSystems 89. The ductus deferens, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves are contained in the A. Epididymis B. Spermatic Cord C. Seminiferous Tubules D. Inguinal Canal E. Vas Deferens 90. Cowper’s glands are also called the A. Greater vestibular glands B. Follicles C. Bulbourethral glands D. Bartholin’s Glands E. Corpus Cavernosum 91. The interstitial cells of the testes produce A. Buffer B. Semen C. Mucus D. Blood E. Hormones 92. The glans penis is formed by the A. Corpus Spongiosum B. Ejaculatory Duct C. Testicular Capsule D. Corpus Cavernosum E. Follicle 93. The cells in the testis that helps to nourish and protect the spermatozoa are the A. Follicular Cells B. Sertoli Cells C. Germinal epithelium D. Interstitial cells E. Seminiferous Cells 94. The prepuce is A. The enlarged end of the penis B. An erectile body of the penis C. The outer layer of the follicle D. The foreskin E. The body of the prostate
- 23. Chapter 24 Developmentand Birth 95. Fertilization normally occurs in the A. Cervix B. Uterus C. Oviduct D. Follicle E. Corpus Luteum 96. The hormone produced by embryonic cells that maintain the corpus luteum is A. Luteinizing Hormone B. Testosterone C. Progesterone D. Follicle-stimulating hormone E. Human chorionic gonadotropin 97. The umbilicus is the A. Areola B. Navel C. Vulva D. Amniotic fluids E. Amniotic sac 98. The hormone released from the pituitary that stimulates the letdown of milk is A. Oxytocin B. Prolactin C. ADH D. Progesterone E. ACTH 99. A baby capable of living outside the uterus is described as A. Stillbirth B. Spontaneous C. Viable D. Therapeutic E. Preterm 100. The placenta is attached near the cervix is cases of A. Tubal Pregnancy B. Eclampsia C. Placenta Previa D. Amniocentesis E. Placental Abruption