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Ensuring Continuity of Access To Our Published Heritage

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EDINA, University of Edinburgh
EDINA, University of Edinburgh

Overview of issues and tools to ensure long-term access to scholarly content. Presented at II Seminário sobre Informação na Internet in Brasilia, 3 - 6 August 2015.

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Ensuring Continuity of Access To Our Published Heritage http://www.flickr.com/photos/shinez/5000985919/ Preserving Streams of Issued Content
1. Scottish Education Data Archive, 1979 - mid ‘80s – Survey statistician: school leavers, YTS & 16-19 cohort surveys • In Centre for Educational Sociology 2. Edinburgh University Data Library,1984 & on – Manager: set-up and development – President of IASSIST, 2000 – 2004 : social science data professionals 3. Graduate School, Faculty of Social Science, 1987 – 1997 – Senior Lecturer, teaching quantitative/survey methods • In Research Centre for Social Sciences 4. ESRC Regional Research Laboratory for Scotland, 1986/90 – Co-director: early days of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) • With University’s Department of Geography 5. EDINA, 1995/6 to present - main focus as day job – Director: set-up and continuous development – Jisc-designated centre for service delivery & digital expertise 6. Digital Curation Centre, 2004/05 – Director for set-up & definition of ‘data curation + digital preservation’ • With University’s School of Informatics ‘Data person’: now with focus on scholarly record
3-Part Talk 1. What EDINA Does – University of Edinburgh & Jisc – Celebrating 20 years of online services 2. Adapting to Digital Realities – Challenges to the integrity & continuity of the scholarly and cultural record 3. What Needs to Happen: what you can do! – Leadership for national actions within the international context of scholarship
Part 1: What EDINA Does Helps fulfil the mission of the University of Edinburgh • EDINA & Data Library Division, in Information Services Group – As Director, I report to: Chief Information Officer & Librarian to University ** My duty to say something about Jisc and the University ** 1983: Early beginnings as Data Library for University joined IASSISTdata.org 1995, University won open competition as UK datacentre 25 January 2016 marks the 20th Anniversary of launch as EDINA with a Burns Night Supper develops & delivers online services for research & education in the UK, and beyond • 85+ staff (inc. librarians, GIS specialists & 35 software engineers) • About 2/3rds of funding for EDINA as a Jisc-designated UK centre for digital expertise and service delivery
Once JISC, part of the UK Funding Councils for Higher Education, Jisc is now a share services organisation, a charity owned by Universities UK, the Association of Colleges and Guild HE Jisc.ac.uk
Ranked 17th= in the World by QS World University Rankings 2014-15 Over 1,000 international research collaborations Our scientists: created Dolly the Sheep developed the first genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine pioneered the first automated industrial assembly robot devised technology used in today's smartphones discovered how particles acquire their mass (Higgs boson) Associated with 16 Nobel Prize winners - in areas such as Physics, Medicine, Economics The University: History & Prestige The Edinburgh Experience World’s first UNESCO City of Literature World Heritage Site Founded in 1583, as the first ‘civic’ university, in UK, and perhaps in the world The Library was started in 1580 it is older than the University  ed.ac.uk MoU's with FAPESP, University of Sao Paulo, University Federal de San Carlos, UFRGS and UNIFESP . The University has Latin America office is in Santiago, Chile
edina.ac.uk Innovation into Service
Many available ‘openly’ for international use: • National Union Catalogue • Keepers Registry • Open Access Depot • Research Data Management • MANTRA Others ‘restricted’ for use only by staff & students in UK universities & colleges: • Digimap geospatial data • Access Management Special focus here on • Keepers Registry • Hiberlink: Reference Rot • SafeNet: Post-Cancelation Access
Part 2: Adapting to Digital Realities http://www.flickr.com/photos/shinez/5000985919/ Key Message: • What is digital and online (somewhere) is at risk of loss
what was once available in print, on-shelf locally … … is now online & accessed remotely, ‘anytime/anywhere’ But what of Continuity of Access? Ease of Access is so much better 
Digital back copy is not in the custody of libraries Picture credit: http://somanybooksblog.com/2009/03/27/library-tour/ Libraries boast of ‘e-collections’, but do they only have ‘e-connections’? If not custodians, then only customers?
More Bad News: ‘The Digital Realities’ Risks inherent in digital media & formats: • Lacks ‘fixity’ – it can be change from what it was! • ‘digital decay’: format obsolescence & bit rot And single points of failure: • natural disasters (earthquake, fire and flood) • human folly (criminal and political action): hacking + risks associated with commercial events in the publisher/supply chain Web Today, Gone Tomorrow! <References to what is on the Web rots over time: hiberlink.org >
Language Technology Group Funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation ‘Reference Rot’ When what was referenced & cited ceases to say the same thing, or ‘has ceased to be’ http://www.snorgtees.com/this-parrot-has-ceased-to-be Reference Rot = Link Rot + Content Drift “when links to web resources no longer point to what they once did” Breaking News: Yet Another Threat (& some Remedy)
‘The (published) Scholarly Record’ ‘e-journals’ Websites, Databases, Repositories ‘Book-length work’ ‘Gov Docs’ Focus now on what is published and that content that is issued online as a ‘continuing resource’ Conference proceedings ‘e-magazines’ ‘e-newsmedia’
Online Continuing Resources ISSN ‘Our published heritage’ ‘resources needed for scholarship’ Issued in Parts (Serials) Content changes over time (Integrating) ‘e-journals’ Websites, Databases, Repositories ‘Book-length work’ ‘Gov Docs’ Identifying what is published and issued online as a ‘continuing resource’ Conference proceedings ‘e-magazines’ ‘e-newsmedia’
Some Good News: digital shelving is available ① Web-scale not-for-profit archiving agencies: ② National libraries … ③ Research libraries: consortia & specialist centres … National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences Different models Organisations that ingest content with archival intent …
Many archiving organisations a Good Thing “Digital information is best preserved by replicating it at multiple archives run by autonomous organizations” B. Cooper and H. Garcia-Molina (2002) Bad stuff will happen! Lots Of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe (LOCKSS) But how do we know who is keeping what?
ISSN Register E-J Preservation Registry Service E-Journal Preservation Registry (a) (b) Data dependency ISSN-L as kernel field METADATA on extant e-journals METADATA on preservation action ISSN Register at the heart of the Data Model (Taken from Figure 1 in reference paper in Serials, March 2009) Digital Preservation Agencies e.g. CLOCKSS, Portico; BL, KB; UK LOCKSS Alliance etc. Project thekeepers.org
… to discover who is looking after what thekeepers.org
What’s the (scale of the) Present Danger? The Keepers Registry reports titles ‘ingested & archived’ by at least 1 ‘keeper’: 16,558 In 2011, 21,557 in 2013 27,463 as at May 2015 9,785 'ingested & archived' by 3 or more More archives reporting into Registry & more archiving! ISSN assigned for ‘e’ 35,000 in 2009 100,000 in 2012 160,000 in 2015
Two Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) ‘Ingest Ratio’ = titles ingested by one or more Keeper / ‘online serials’ in ISSN Register = 28,103 / 165,949 [as of June 2015] => 17% ‘KeepSafe Ratio’ = titles being ingested by 3+ Keepers / ‘online serials’ in ISSN Register = 9,836 / 165,949 => 6%
Bad News: Most of what libraries care about may be missing … Using Title List Comparison tool in Members Area of Keepers Registry As reported in: P. Burnhill (2013) Tales from The Keepers Registry: Serial Issues About Archiving & the Web. Serials Review 39 (1), 3–20. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098791313000178, &https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/6682 In 2011/12 three major research libraries in the USA (Columbia, Cornell & Duke) checked archival status of serial titles regarded as important against the Keepers Registry ‘Ingest Ratio’ = 22% to 28%, ie about a quarter => fate of c.75% is unknown Evidence from the USA
… logs for the UK OpenURL Router* • 8.5m full text requests in UK during 2012 => 53,311 online titles requested Analysis in 2013:: ‘Ingest Ratio’ = 32% (16,985/53,311) => over two thirds 68% (36,326 titles) held by none! Not much better for what Researchers Use * As reported in Keepers Registry Blog, OpenURL Router passes ‘discovery’ requests to commercial OpenURL resolver services; developed & delivered by EDINA as part of Jisc support for UK universities & colleges Evidence from the UK
3. What needs to happen http://www.flickr.com/photos/shinez/5000985919/ Key Message: • Act now to take responsibility for archiving digital streams of Issued Content
US: 20%Sp: 5% Researchers (& libraries/publishers) in any one country are dependent upon content written and published as serials in countries other than their own Canada 5%UK: 9% Brazil: 5% Ger: 5% India: 3% Using the ISSN to identify serial content %age of 132,806 ISSN assigned for e-serials (December 2013) * now 160,000 *
Known Archival Status of Online Continuing Resources assigned ISSN, by Country, June 2015 Elsevier Springer ->
very many ‘at risk’ e-journals from many (small & not so small) publishers BIG publishers act early but incompletely Priority: find economic way to archive content from
Known Archival Status of Online Continuing Resources published in Brazil (ISSN), June 2015 -> Perhaps more is being kept safe? & IBICT has project to archive all open access scientific e-journals, see http://oasisbr.ibict.br [+ Cariniana implementing a LOCKSS Network: 1023 subscribed titles] Cariniana & IBICT are planning to tell the Keepers Registry!
• Upload list of ISSN & titles • Receive back report on what is being archived & what is not Register now for Member Services: http://thekeepers.org New Service: [just launched last week] Title List Comparison You can use the Keepers Registry to check the archival status of the journals that are of key importance to you
Imagine Sinpred 2020 • Best Case scenario – Publishers (& Libraries) have acted – ‘Adapting to Digital Realities’ – Together with the Keepers they have ensured that all the e-journal content used by researchers this year (in 2015) has been preserved and can be used successfully in 2020
Imagine Sinpred 2020 this year (in 2015) • Worst Case scenario – Publishers (& Libraries) failed to act sufficiently! – ‘Not Adapting to Digital Realities’ – Important literature has been lost – Citizens & scholars (rightly) complain of neglect
“the values [academic libraries] hold are of immense importance to a world in which … • knowledge has been transformed into intellectual property, • the Web has been turned into a shopping platform, and • social interaction online is used to collect and monetize our lives […]. As the invisible infrastructure of our technological future is taking shape, society needs library values more than ever.” (Fister, 2015)
Whose responsibility to archive content? Do we leave it to the publishers? What then is a library? Should each research library act on its own? Benefit of acting as consortia of research libraries What is the role of national/state libraries? More than a national, it is a trans-national challenge! Ensuring access to digital back copy:
What should be done? Accept responsibility for stewardship of collections 1. Use the Keepers Registry 2. Commit financial support for web-scale agencies, • such as CLOCKSS: invest 1% 3. Contribute your collection development expertise ** use the Title List Comparison Tool in the Keepers Registry ** 4. Tell publishers, archiving agencies & national library to commit to archive their content with a Keeper 5. Consider options for collaborative action • By associations of research & university libraries [Cariniana] • With National Library of Brazil? Another ? 6. Avoid the 2020 Vision where you get the blame! What can I do?
Thank You / Obrigado! edina@ed.ac.uk ‘Take The Long View’ 7th September 2015 Edinburgh thekeepers.org

More Related Content

Ensuring Continuity of Access To Our Published Heritage

  • 1. Ensuring Continuity of Access To Our Published Heritage http://www.flickr.com/photos/shinez/5000985919/ Preserving Streams of Issued Content
  • 2. 1. Scottish Education Data Archive, 1979 - mid ‘80s – Survey statistician: school leavers, YTS & 16-19 cohort surveys • In Centre for Educational Sociology 2. Edinburgh University Data Library,1984 & on – Manager: set-up and development – President of IASSIST, 2000 – 2004 : social science data professionals 3. Graduate School, Faculty of Social Science, 1987 – 1997 – Senior Lecturer, teaching quantitative/survey methods • In Research Centre for Social Sciences 4. ESRC Regional Research Laboratory for Scotland, 1986/90 – Co-director: early days of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) • With University’s Department of Geography 5. EDINA, 1995/6 to present - main focus as day job – Director: set-up and continuous development – Jisc-designated centre for service delivery & digital expertise 6. Digital Curation Centre, 2004/05 – Director for set-up & definition of ‘data curation + digital preservation’ • With University’s School of Informatics ‘Data person’: now with focus on scholarly record
  • 3. 3-Part Talk 1. What EDINA Does – University of Edinburgh & Jisc – Celebrating 20 years of online services 2. Adapting to Digital Realities – Challenges to the integrity & continuity of the scholarly and cultural record 3. What Needs to Happen: what you can do! – Leadership for national actions within the international context of scholarship
  • 4. Part 1: What EDINA Does Helps fulfil the mission of the University of Edinburgh • EDINA & Data Library Division, in Information Services Group – As Director, I report to: Chief Information Officer & Librarian to University ** My duty to say something about Jisc and the University ** 1983: Early beginnings as Data Library for University joined IASSISTdata.org 1995, University won open competition as UK datacentre 25 January 2016 marks the 20th Anniversary of launch as EDINA with a Burns Night Supper develops & delivers online services for research & education in the UK, and beyond • 85+ staff (inc. librarians, GIS specialists & 35 software engineers) • About 2/3rds of funding for EDINA as a Jisc-designated UK centre for digital expertise and service delivery
  • 5. Once JISC, part of the UK Funding Councils for Higher Education, Jisc is now a share services organisation, a charity owned by Universities UK, the Association of Colleges and Guild HE Jisc.ac.uk
  • 6. Ranked 17th= in the World by QS World University Rankings 2014-15 Over 1,000 international research collaborations Our scientists: created Dolly the Sheep developed the first genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine pioneered the first automated industrial assembly robot devised technology used in today's smartphones discovered how particles acquire their mass (Higgs boson) Associated with 16 Nobel Prize winners - in areas such as Physics, Medicine, Economics The University: History & Prestige The Edinburgh Experience World’s first UNESCO City of Literature World Heritage Site Founded in 1583, as the first ‘civic’ university, in UK, and perhaps in the world The Library was started in 1580 it is older than the University  ed.ac.uk MoU's with FAPESP, University of Sao Paulo, University Federal de San Carlos, UFRGS and UNIFESP . The University has Latin America office is in Santiago, Chile
  • 8. Many available ‘openly’ for international use: • National Union Catalogue • Keepers Registry • Open Access Depot • Research Data Management • MANTRA Others ‘restricted’ for use only by staff & students in UK universities & colleges: • Digimap geospatial data • Access Management Special focus here on • Keepers Registry • Hiberlink: Reference Rot • SafeNet: Post-Cancelation Access
  • 9. Part 2: Adapting to Digital Realities http://www.flickr.com/photos/shinez/5000985919/ Key Message: • What is digital and online (somewhere) is at risk of loss
  • 10. what was once available in print, on-shelf locally … … is now online & accessed remotely, ‘anytime/anywhere’ But what of Continuity of Access? Ease of Access is so much better 
  • 11. Digital back copy is not in the custody of libraries Picture credit: http://somanybooksblog.com/2009/03/27/library-tour/ Libraries boast of ‘e-collections’, but do they only have ‘e-connections’? If not custodians, then only customers?
  • 12. More Bad News: ‘The Digital Realities’ Risks inherent in digital media & formats: • Lacks ‘fixity’ – it can be change from what it was! • ‘digital decay’: format obsolescence & bit rot And single points of failure: • natural disasters (earthquake, fire and flood) • human folly (criminal and political action): hacking + risks associated with commercial events in the publisher/supply chain Web Today, Gone Tomorrow! <References to what is on the Web rots over time: hiberlink.org >
  • 13. Language Technology Group Funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation ‘Reference Rot’ When what was referenced & cited ceases to say the same thing, or ‘has ceased to be’ http://www.snorgtees.com/this-parrot-has-ceased-to-be Reference Rot = Link Rot + Content Drift “when links to web resources no longer point to what they once did” Breaking News: Yet Another Threat (& some Remedy)
  • 14. ‘The (published) Scholarly Record’ ‘e-journals’ Websites, Databases, Repositories ‘Book-length work’ ‘Gov Docs’ Focus now on what is published and that content that is issued online as a ‘continuing resource’ Conference proceedings ‘e-magazines’ ‘e-newsmedia’
  • 15. Online Continuing Resources ISSN ‘Our published heritage’ ‘resources needed for scholarship’ Issued in Parts (Serials) Content changes over time (Integrating) ‘e-journals’ Websites, Databases, Repositories ‘Book-length work’ ‘Gov Docs’ Identifying what is published and issued online as a ‘continuing resource’ Conference proceedings ‘e-magazines’ ‘e-newsmedia’
  • 16. Some Good News: digital shelving is available ① Web-scale not-for-profit archiving agencies: ② National libraries … ③ Research libraries: consortia & specialist centres … National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences Different models Organisations that ingest content with archival intent …
  • 17. Many archiving organisations a Good Thing “Digital information is best preserved by replicating it at multiple archives run by autonomous organizations” B. Cooper and H. Garcia-Molina (2002) Bad stuff will happen! Lots Of Copies Keeps Stuff Safe (LOCKSS) But how do we know who is keeping what?
  • 18. ISSN Register E-J Preservation Registry Service E-Journal Preservation Registry (a) (b) Data dependency ISSN-L as kernel field METADATA on extant e-journals METADATA on preservation action ISSN Register at the heart of the Data Model (Taken from Figure 1 in reference paper in Serials, March 2009) Digital Preservation Agencies e.g. CLOCKSS, Portico; BL, KB; UK LOCKSS Alliance etc. Project thekeepers.org
  • 19. … to discover who is looking after what thekeepers.org
  • 20. What’s the (scale of the) Present Danger? The Keepers Registry reports titles ‘ingested & archived’ by at least 1 ‘keeper’: 16,558 In 2011, 21,557 in 2013 27,463 as at May 2015 9,785 'ingested & archived' by 3 or more More archives reporting into Registry & more archiving! ISSN assigned for ‘e’ 35,000 in 2009 100,000 in 2012 160,000 in 2015
  • 21. Two Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) ‘Ingest Ratio’ = titles ingested by one or more Keeper / ‘online serials’ in ISSN Register = 28,103 / 165,949 [as of June 2015] => 17% ‘KeepSafe Ratio’ = titles being ingested by 3+ Keepers / ‘online serials’ in ISSN Register = 9,836 / 165,949 => 6%
  • 22. Bad News: Most of what libraries care about may be missing … Using Title List Comparison tool in Members Area of Keepers Registry As reported in: P. Burnhill (2013) Tales from The Keepers Registry: Serial Issues About Archiving & the Web. Serials Review 39 (1), 3–20. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098791313000178, &https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/6682 In 2011/12 three major research libraries in the USA (Columbia, Cornell & Duke) checked archival status of serial titles regarded as important against the Keepers Registry ‘Ingest Ratio’ = 22% to 28%, ie about a quarter => fate of c.75% is unknown Evidence from the USA
  • 23. … logs for the UK OpenURL Router* • 8.5m full text requests in UK during 2012 => 53,311 online titles requested Analysis in 2013:: ‘Ingest Ratio’ = 32% (16,985/53,311) => over two thirds 68% (36,326 titles) held by none! Not much better for what Researchers Use * As reported in Keepers Registry Blog, OpenURL Router passes ‘discovery’ requests to commercial OpenURL resolver services; developed & delivered by EDINA as part of Jisc support for UK universities & colleges Evidence from the UK
  • 24. 3. What needs to happen http://www.flickr.com/photos/shinez/5000985919/ Key Message: • Act now to take responsibility for archiving digital streams of Issued Content
  • 25. US: 20%Sp: 5% Researchers (& libraries/publishers) in any one country are dependent upon content written and published as serials in countries other than their own Canada 5%UK: 9% Brazil: 5% Ger: 5% India: 3% Using the ISSN to identify serial content %age of 132,806 ISSN assigned for e-serials (December 2013) * now 160,000 *
  • 26. Known Archival Status of Online Continuing Resources assigned ISSN, by Country, June 2015 Elsevier Springer ->
  • 27. very many ‘at risk’ e-journals from many (small & not so small) publishers BIG publishers act early but incompletely Priority: find economic way to archive content from
  • 28. Known Archival Status of Online Continuing Resources published in Brazil (ISSN), June 2015 -> Perhaps more is being kept safe? & IBICT has project to archive all open access scientific e-journals, see http://oasisbr.ibict.br [+ Cariniana implementing a LOCKSS Network: 1023 subscribed titles] Cariniana & IBICT are planning to tell the Keepers Registry!
  • 29. • Upload list of ISSN & titles • Receive back report on what is being archived & what is not Register now for Member Services: http://thekeepers.org New Service: [just launched last week] Title List Comparison You can use the Keepers Registry to check the archival status of the journals that are of key importance to you
  • 30. Imagine Sinpred 2020 • Best Case scenario – Publishers (& Libraries) have acted – ‘Adapting to Digital Realities’ – Together with the Keepers they have ensured that all the e-journal content used by researchers this year (in 2015) has been preserved and can be used successfully in 2020
  • 31. Imagine Sinpred 2020 this year (in 2015) • Worst Case scenario – Publishers (& Libraries) failed to act sufficiently! – ‘Not Adapting to Digital Realities’ – Important literature has been lost – Citizens & scholars (rightly) complain of neglect
  • 32. “the values [academic libraries] hold are of immense importance to a world in which … • knowledge has been transformed into intellectual property, • the Web has been turned into a shopping platform, and • social interaction online is used to collect and monetize our lives […]. As the invisible infrastructure of our technological future is taking shape, society needs library values more than ever.” (Fister, 2015)
  • 33. Whose responsibility to archive content? Do we leave it to the publishers? What then is a library? Should each research library act on its own? Benefit of acting as consortia of research libraries What is the role of national/state libraries? More than a national, it is a trans-national challenge! Ensuring access to digital back copy:
  • 34. What should be done? Accept responsibility for stewardship of collections 1. Use the Keepers Registry 2. Commit financial support for web-scale agencies, • such as CLOCKSS: invest 1% 3. Contribute your collection development expertise ** use the Title List Comparison Tool in the Keepers Registry ** 4. Tell publishers, archiving agencies & national library to commit to archive their content with a Keeper 5. Consider options for collaborative action • By associations of research & university libraries [Cariniana] • With National Library of Brazil? Another ? 6. Avoid the 2020 Vision where you get the blame! What can I do?
  • 35. Thank You / Obrigado! edina@ed.ac.uk ‘Take The Long View’ 7th September 2015 Edinburgh thekeepers.org