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dotMemory 4 - What's inside?

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Maarten Balliauw
Maarten Balliauw

Even if your program is just a few lines of code, .NET's runtime will create a number of object in memory. Are all objects being destroyed by the garbage collector? Or is there a potential memory leak? And why is the application seemingly slow when having lots of objects in memory? In this webinar, we'll explore the new dotMemory 4 memory profiler. We'll see why we want to use a memory profiler and how easy it is to use JetBrains dotMemory for that.

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dotMemory 4 what's inside Maarten Balliauw Technical Evangelist maarten.balliauw@jetbrains.com @maartenballiauw
Who am I? Maarten Balliauw Belgium (Antwerp) Technical Evangelist, JetBrains Focus on web ASP.NET MVC, Windows Azure, ... PHP, ... Big passion: Cloud (Windows Azure) Home brewer http://blog.maartenballiauw.be @maartenballiauw
Have a question? Use the Question Pane. We’ll try and answer as we go along
Recording Recording will start now….
Agenda Why use a tool like dotMemory? What happened to dotTrace Memory? .NET Memory Management 101 Exploring dotMemory UI concepts Finding a memory leak Analyzing memory traffic
Why use a tool like dotMemory? .NET creates numerous objects in memory, even for simple programs Memory is constantly being assigned and released (memory traffic) What if some memory is retained while we expected it to be released?
Why use a tool like dotMemory? dotMemory tries to answer: Why is this object still in memory? What causes the memory leak? What takes so much memory? How much memory traffic is going on? Are there any memory allocation/distribution patterns violated? E.g. event handlers not being unregistered, sparse arrays, … Don’t just use it when things go wrong!
What does dotMemory do for me? Collect memory snapshot information Info about all objects on the managed heap at the moment a snapshot is taken Collect memory traffic information How much memory is allocated / released Analyze these during a profiling session
What happened to dotTrace Memory? Did you even know we had a memory profiler before? dotTrace Memory 3.5 Hasn’t had any significant updates since 2010 Complex to work with Time for a fresh memory profiler: dotMemory 4! Friendly – new UI displays complex information in an easy way Powerful – works on very large programs (we use it on R#)
.NET Memory Management 101 Memory Allocation .NET runtime reserves region of address space for every new process managed heap Objects are allocated in the heap Allocating memory is fast, it’s just adding a pointer Some unmanaged memory is also consumed (not GC-ed) .NET CLR, Dynamic libraries, Graphics buffer, … Memory Release or “Garbage Collection” (GC) Generations Large Object Heap See http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/NETCOM/What+You+Should+Know+about+.NET+Memory+Management
.NET Memory Management 101 Memory Allocation Memory Release or “Garbage Collection” (GC) GC releases objects no longer in use by examining application roots GC builds a graph that contains all the objects that are reachable from these roots. Object unreachable? GC removes the object from the heap, releasing memory After the object is removed, GC compacts reachable objects in memory. Generations Large Object Heap See http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/NETCOM/What+You+Should+Know+about+.NET+Memory+Management
.NET Memory Management 101 Memory Allocation Memory Release or “Garbage Collection” (GC) Generations Managed heap divided in segments: generation 0, 1 and 2 New objects go into Gen 0 Gen 0 full? Perform GC and promote all reachable objects to Gen 1. This is typically pretty fast. Gen 1 full? Perform GC on Gen 1 and Gen 0. Promote all reachable objects to Gen 2. Gen 2 full? Perform full GC (2, 1, 0). If not enough memory for new allocations, throws OutOfMemoryException Full GC has performance impact since all objects in managed heap are verified. Large Object Heap See http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/NETCOM/What+You+Should+Know+about+.NET+Memory+Management
.NET Memory Management 101 Memory Allocation Memory Release or “Garbage Collection” (GC) Generations Generation 0 Generation 1 Generation 2 Short-lived objects (e.g. Local variables) In-between objects Long-lived objects (e.g. App’s main form) Large Object Heap See http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/NETCOM/What+You+Should+Know+about+.NET+Memory+Management
.NET Memory Management 101 Memory Allocation Memory Release or “Garbage Collection” (GC) Generations Large Object Heap Large objects (>85KB) stored in separate segment of managed heap: Large Object Heap (LOH) Objects in LOH collected only during full garbage collection Survived objects in LOH are not compacted (by default). This means that LOH becomes fragmented over time. Fragmentation can cause OutOfMemoryException See http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/NETCOM/What+You+Should+Know+about+.NET+Memory+Management
A look at dotMemory 4 demo Exploring the UI
The general idea
Let’s see if we can find what’s wrong! demo Investigating a memory leak
What just happened? public AdWindow(Window owner) { // ... DispatcherTimer[] // Run the timer that changes the ad's image adTimer = new DispatcherTimer(); adTimer.Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3); adTimer.Tick += ChangeAds; adTimer.Start(); DispatcherTimer .Tick AdWindow } adTimer.Tick -= ChangeAds;
How is the GC affecting our application? demo Analyzing memory traffic
What just happened? for (int i = 0; i < .... StringReverse r StringReverse r StringReverse r
Why use a tool like dotMemory? Why is this object still in memory? What takes so much memory? How much memory traffic is going on? Are there any memory allocation/distribution patterns violated?
Questions Me, having a question
Resources Try dotMemory 4 now! http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/NetProf/dotMemory+4.0+EAP Give us feedback! Tutorials dotMemory Manual http://bit.ly/dotmemory-manual Getting started http://bit.ly/dotmemory-gettingstarted Finding memory leaks http://bit.ly/dotmemory-findingmemleak Analyzing memory traffic http://bit.ly/dotmemory-memorytraffic
More info Home http://jetbrains.com/dottrace Feedback maarten.balliauw@jetbrains.com http://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issues/DMRY Videos http://www.youtube.com/jetbrainstv .NET Tools Channel Blog http://blog.jetbrains.com/dotnet
Thank you for joining us! Want to learn more? Follow @dottrace on Twitter to learn product tips and register for upcoming webinars
dotMemory 4 - What's inside?

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dotMemory 4 - What's inside?

  • 1. dotMemory 4 what's inside Maarten Balliauw Technical Evangelist maarten.balliauw@jetbrains.com @maartenballiauw
  • 2. Who am I? Maarten Balliauw Belgium (Antwerp) Technical Evangelist, JetBrains Focus on web ASP.NET MVC, Windows Azure, ... PHP, ... Big passion: Cloud (Windows Azure) Home brewer http://blog.maartenballiauw.be @maartenballiauw
  • 3. Have a question? Use the Question Pane. We’ll try and answer as we go along
  • 5. Agenda Why use a tool like dotMemory? What happened to dotTrace Memory? .NET Memory Management 101 Exploring dotMemory UI concepts Finding a memory leak Analyzing memory traffic
  • 6. Why use a tool like dotMemory? .NET creates numerous objects in memory, even for simple programs Memory is constantly being assigned and released (memory traffic) What if some memory is retained while we expected it to be released?
  • 7. Why use a tool like dotMemory? dotMemory tries to answer: Why is this object still in memory? What causes the memory leak? What takes so much memory? How much memory traffic is going on? Are there any memory allocation/distribution patterns violated? E.g. event handlers not being unregistered, sparse arrays, … Don’t just use it when things go wrong!
  • 8. What does dotMemory do for me? Collect memory snapshot information Info about all objects on the managed heap at the moment a snapshot is taken Collect memory traffic information How much memory is allocated / released Analyze these during a profiling session
  • 9. What happened to dotTrace Memory? Did you even know we had a memory profiler before? dotTrace Memory 3.5 Hasn’t had any significant updates since 2010 Complex to work with Time for a fresh memory profiler: dotMemory 4! Friendly – new UI displays complex information in an easy way Powerful – works on very large programs (we use it on R#)
  • 10. .NET Memory Management 101 Memory Allocation .NET runtime reserves region of address space for every new process managed heap Objects are allocated in the heap Allocating memory is fast, it’s just adding a pointer Some unmanaged memory is also consumed (not GC-ed) .NET CLR, Dynamic libraries, Graphics buffer, … Memory Release or “Garbage Collection” (GC) Generations Large Object Heap See http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/NETCOM/What+You+Should+Know+about+.NET+Memory+Management
  • 11. .NET Memory Management 101 Memory Allocation Memory Release or “Garbage Collection” (GC) GC releases objects no longer in use by examining application roots GC builds a graph that contains all the objects that are reachable from these roots. Object unreachable? GC removes the object from the heap, releasing memory After the object is removed, GC compacts reachable objects in memory. Generations Large Object Heap See http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/NETCOM/What+You+Should+Know+about+.NET+Memory+Management
  • 12. .NET Memory Management 101 Memory Allocation Memory Release or “Garbage Collection” (GC) Generations Managed heap divided in segments: generation 0, 1 and 2 New objects go into Gen 0 Gen 0 full? Perform GC and promote all reachable objects to Gen 1. This is typically pretty fast. Gen 1 full? Perform GC on Gen 1 and Gen 0. Promote all reachable objects to Gen 2. Gen 2 full? Perform full GC (2, 1, 0). If not enough memory for new allocations, throws OutOfMemoryException Full GC has performance impact since all objects in managed heap are verified. Large Object Heap See http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/NETCOM/What+You+Should+Know+about+.NET+Memory+Management
  • 13. .NET Memory Management 101 Memory Allocation Memory Release or “Garbage Collection” (GC) Generations Generation 0 Generation 1 Generation 2 Short-lived objects (e.g. Local variables) In-between objects Long-lived objects (e.g. App’s main form) Large Object Heap See http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/NETCOM/What+You+Should+Know+about+.NET+Memory+Management
  • 14. .NET Memory Management 101 Memory Allocation Memory Release or “Garbage Collection” (GC) Generations Large Object Heap Large objects (>85KB) stored in separate segment of managed heap: Large Object Heap (LOH) Objects in LOH collected only during full garbage collection Survived objects in LOH are not compacted (by default). This means that LOH becomes fragmented over time. Fragmentation can cause OutOfMemoryException See http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/NETCOM/What+You+Should+Know+about+.NET+Memory+Management
  • 15. A look at dotMemory 4 demo Exploring the UI
  • 17. Let’s see if we can find what’s wrong! demo Investigating a memory leak
  • 18. What just happened? public AdWindow(Window owner) { // ... DispatcherTimer[] // Run the timer that changes the ad's image adTimer = new DispatcherTimer(); adTimer.Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(3); adTimer.Tick += ChangeAds; adTimer.Start(); DispatcherTimer .Tick AdWindow } adTimer.Tick -= ChangeAds;
  • 19. How is the GC affecting our application? demo Analyzing memory traffic
  • 20. What just happened? for (int i = 0; i < .... StringReverse r StringReverse r StringReverse r
  • 21. Why use a tool like dotMemory? Why is this object still in memory? What takes so much memory? How much memory traffic is going on? Are there any memory allocation/distribution patterns violated?
  • 23. Resources Try dotMemory 4 now! http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/NetProf/dotMemory+4.0+EAP Give us feedback! Tutorials dotMemory Manual http://bit.ly/dotmemory-manual Getting started http://bit.ly/dotmemory-gettingstarted Finding memory leaks http://bit.ly/dotmemory-findingmemleak Analyzing memory traffic http://bit.ly/dotmemory-memorytraffic
  • 25. Thank you for joining us! Want to learn more? Follow @dottrace on Twitter to learn product tips and register for upcoming webinars