Coffin landsat8 data in social values for ecosytem services
- 1. Alisa W. Coffin, Ph.D.
Land Systems Research Consultants
Drezden Kinnaird
Colorado Mesa University
9/24/2014
Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 3. Motivation of research & problem statement
Gulf of Mexico
Oil spill
Need for ES knowledge
Landsat 8: new “coastal band”
Study area
Research questions
9/24/2014
Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 4. 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill
call to action in USGS
support agencies and researchers working in Gulf of Mexico
USGS (Rocky Mt. Area) contacted colleagues Florida Sea Grant & UF
Offered research collaboration which was welcomed
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 5. Coastal Zone
Complex interactions between land and ocean processes
“Unique domain of gradient dependent ecosystems” (Crossland et al. 2005)
The most developed and populated areas globally
USA: In 2010, 69% of urban land <150 mi. from a coast
Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning (CMSP) =
Ecosystem-based approach to planning and management
Contemporary measurement of ecosystem services is incomplete
Predominantly economic/ecological and static
Lacks spatial quantification of social values
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 6. Launched on Feb 11, 2013
Near-polar sun-synchronous 705 km circular orbit
16 day repeat cycle
30 m resolution
Continues the Landsat mission (1972 to present) of earth observation
Expect improved water quality monitoring in coastal regions due to new shorter wavelength blue band
- 8. How do different coastal users value ecosystem services in the study area?
Which environmental characteristics inform models of spatial patterns of social values in this coastal zone?
__________________________________________
Information about bathymetry is critical for understanding coastal processes. But, near shore bathymetry is difficult/expensive to obtain and is highly dynamic, resulting in out of date datasets.
Can Landsat 8, band 1, the “coastal band”, help fill in the gaps where detailed coastal data is missing?
How does the inclusion of Landsat 8 B1, compare to other coastal datasets?
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 9. Project plan
Survey
Social values
SolVES modelling tool
Adapting SolVES to a coastal system
Maxent
Models
Model evaluation using AUC
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 10. Phase 1: e-Delphi
Phase 2: Geospatial Online Survey
Phase 3: SolVES Modeling
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 11. Step 1:
Value Allocation
“spend” $1000 over the 16 social values
Step 2:
Value Mapping
Locate allocated values on a map of Greater Sarasota Bay
Step 3:
Resource Preference
Determine preferences for marine/coastal resource uses (e.g. Gulf of Mexico)
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 12. VALUE_ID
VALUE_NAME
VALUE_DESCRIPTION
1
Aesthetic
Enjoyable scenery, sights, sounds, smells, etc.
2
Recreation
Place for favorite/enjoyable outdoor recreation activities.
3
Cultural
Place for passing down wisdom, knowledge, and traditions.
4
Spiritual
Places of sacred, religious, unique, deep, and/or profound experience where reverence/respect for nature is felt.
5
Life Sustaining
Provision of macro-environmental processes (i.e. climate regulation, hydrologic cycle, etc.) that support life, human and non-human.
6
Learning
Place of educational value through scientific exploration, observation, discovery, and experimentation.
7
Biodiversity
Provision of a variety and abundance of fish, wildlife, and plant life.
8
Wilderness
Place of minimal human impact and/or intrusion into natural environment.
9
Subsistence
Provision of basic human needs, emphasis on reliable, regular food/protein source from seafood.
10
Historic
Place of natural and human history that matter to individuals, communities, societies, and nations.
11
Identity
Places that engender a sense of place, community, and belonging; represent a distinctive “culture of the sea”.
12
Future
Allowance for future generation to know and experience healthy, productive, and sustainable coastal ecosystems.
13
Therapuetic
Place that enhances feelings of well-being (e.g. “an escape”, “stress relief”, “comfort and calm”).
14
Economic
Provision of fishery (commercial/recreational), minerals, and tourism industry that support livelihoods.
15
Intrinsic
Right to exist regardless of presence; value based on existence (being rather than place).
16
Access
Places of common property free from access restrictions or exclusive ownership/control.
- 13. SolVES 2.1 tool with ArcGIS 10.x
Value Mapping Model
Derives a 10-point “Value Index” from value allocations and mapped points collected as part of a social survey.
Maxent
Models relationships between mapped Value Index and underlying environmental variables.
Generates social value maps for specified stakeholder groups.
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 14. Terrestrial base layers
Coastal base layers
Elevation (DEM)
1. DEM (T-DEM)
2. Bathymetry (BATHYM)
Distance to roads
Distance to roads + navigation channels (D2TRANS)
Distance to water
4. Distance to shore (D2S)
Land cover
5. Landsat-8, Band 1 (LS-B1)
Land cover
Benthic habitat
Landform
Landform/coastal form
Slope
Slope
Other
Distance to features (e.g. coral reefs ,D2REEF)
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 15. Maxent: application used with species presence data to create probability surfaces of species distribution
Uses presence only data
Logistic modelling
Outputs include
Maps
Statistics
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 16. ENVIRONMENTAL LAYER
MODEL ID
T-DEM
BATHYM
LS-B1
D2S
1
X
2
X
3
X
4
X
5 (C- DEM)
X
X
6
X
X
7
X
X
8
X
X
9
X
X
10
X
X
11
X
X
X
12
X
X
X
13
X
X
X
14
X
X
X
15
X
X
X
X
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 17. Evaluation of models based on the area under the ROC curve: AUC
AUC = 1 perfect fit (no false positives)
AUC = .5 null model random selection w/ uniform distribution
AUC = .8 generally considered a good fit
For more info on Maxent, AUC, etc. Phillips et al. 2006
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 19. Landsat 8 – band 1
Survey results
Values
Uses
AUC values
Graphs
Maps
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 21. Geospatial Online Survey (Cole, 2012)
500 responses logged into online survey
285 completed surveys (n=285)
Male 48%, Female 50%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
18-19
20-24
25-34
35-49
50-64
65 &
over
Age Categories
Age Comparison
Survey
Counties
Florida
National
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Less than high
school diploma
High school diploma
or GED
Technical/Vocationa
l/Associates
4-year college
degree
One or more
graduate degrees
Educational Attainment
Survey
National
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 22. 45 uses
High degree of consensus on non- consumptive uses
Only 20 had more than 20% both favoring and opposing
7 were highly contentious (these uses were both opposed and supported by more than 25% of respondents):
Agriculture
Offshore aquaculture
Land based aquaculture
Commercial fishing
Transportation infrastructure
Private dock development
Desalinization
16 social values
3 consistently ranked most popular:
Recreation
Aesthetic
Biodiversity
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
MODEL
MODEL
MODEL
MODEL
MODEL
1
2
3
4
5
USE
PREFERENCE
SOCIAL VALUE
T-DEM
BATHYM
LS-B1
D2S
C-DEM (BATHYM + T-DEM)
Agriculture
Favor
Aesthetic
0.776
0.8372
0.7787
0.8809
0.8901
Recreation
0.783
0.8001
0.7567
0.838
0.8757
Biodiversity
0.5662
0.8518
0.743
0.8702
0.9141
Oppose
Aesthetic
0.684
0.6532
0.5457
0.7121
0.7317
Recreation
0.6778
0.8501
0.8851
0.8644
0.9135
Biodiversity
0.6088
0.8377
0.8062
0.8501
0.8917
Aquaculture_Offshore
Favor
Aesthetic
0.7031
0.8663
0.7553
0.8895
0.9359
Recreation
0.696
0.7932
0.7619
0.8471
0.8698
Biodiversity
0.5682
0.8525
0.8691
0.8886
0.9269
Oppose
Aesthetic
0.7686
0.8732
0.7325
0.9202
0.8983
Recreation
0.5657
0.8654
0.7989
0.852
0.8447
Biodiversity
0.667
0.8506
0.7216
0.8973
0.9007
Aquaculture_Landbased
Favor
Aesthetic
0.6935
0.8155
0.8207
0.8502
0.8772
Recreation
0.675
0.7921
0.7302
0.8378
0.8091
Biodiversity
0.5708
0.9064
0.7701
0.9518
0.946
Oppose
Aesthetic
0.5309
0.7277
0.7142
0.789
0.7508
Recreation
0.724
0.8368
0.7091
0.8939
0.896
Biodiversity
0.5813
0.811
0.677
0.8843
0.9044
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
T-DEM
BATHYM
LS-B1
D2S
Full (C-DEM, LS-B1 + D2S)
1
2
3
4
15
Test AUC Values
Model
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Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
LS-B1
T-DEM + LS-B1
BATHYM + LS-B1
LS-B1 + D2S
C-DEM + LS-B1
BATHYM + LS-B1 +
D2S
T-DEM + LS-B1 +
D2S
Full (C-DEM, LS-B1
+ D2S)
3
6
8
10
11
12
13
15
Test AUC Value
Model
- 31. Distance to shore and bathymetry, on their own, provide best models.
Many uses and environmental characteristics are correlated with distance to shore, so this is also a critical piece of information for modeling coastal systems.
Terrestrial elevation models, while not useless, provide less information than the Landsat, Band 1 data.
Inclusion of a coastal DEM (combined terrestrial elevation and bathymetric data) provides for better fitting models.
Landsat 8 – Band 1 does not contribute a lot of unique information across a broad terrestrial to deep aquatic spectrum, BUT in provides important information for near shore environments that is not captured by distance to shore or in bathymetric data.
9/24/2014
Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES
- 33. Ben Sherrouse, U.S. Geological Survey
Bob Swett, Florida Sea Grant
Zachary Cole, University of North Carolina
Gigi Richard, Colorado Mesa University
9/24/2014
Coffin & Kinnaird, Landsat 8 in SolVES