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Christianity, Islam, and Judaism

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The document provides information about the three major Abrahamic religions: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. It discusses their origins, founders, sacred texts, beliefs, practices, divisions, and relationship with one another. Christianity started in 33 CE and has 2.3 billion followers. Islam was founded in 622 CE and has 1.3 billion followers. Judaism dates back to 1800 BCE and has 14 million followers. All three religions share a belief in one God but have differing views on prophets like Jesus and religious texts. They also have tensions in their relationship with instances of discrimination.

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CHRISTIANITY, ISLAM, AND JUDAISM By: Benedict Gombocz
Christianity  Followers are known as Christians  Currently has 2 billion followers  Largest religion in the world  Major religion in Europe and North and South America with rapid growth in Africa  Sacred text is the Bible (both Old and New Testaments)  Other written authority is church fathers, church councils, and papal degrees (Catholic only)  Religious law (only for Catholics) is Canon Law  Clergy is priests, ministers, pastors, and bishops
Christianity – cont.  Houses of worship are churches, chapels, and cathedrals  Main day of worship is Sunday  Separates church and state
The Bible
Church
Islam  Followers are known as Muslims  Currently has 1.3 billion followers  2nd largest religion in the world  Major religion in the Middle East and Southeast Asia  Scared text is the Qur’an (Koran)  Other written authority is the Hadith  Religious law is Sharia  Clergy is Imams  House of worship is a mosque
The Qur’an (Koran)
Mosque
Judaism  Followers are known as Jews  Currently has 14 million followers  12th largest religion in the world  Major religion in Israel, Europe, and the United States  Sacred text is the Bible, called the Torah (Old Testament only)  Other written authority is Talmud, Midrash, and Responsa  Religious law is Halakah  Clergy is Rabbis  House of worship is a synagogue  Main day of worship is Saturday  Separates church and state
The Torah
Synagogue
Comparison: Origins and History  Date founded: 622 CE (Islam); 1800 BCE (Judaism); c. 33 CE (Christianity)  Place founded: present-day Saudi Arabia (Islam); present-day Israel and Palestine (Judaism and Christianity)  Founder or prophet: Muhammad (Islam); Moses or Abraham (Judaism); Jesus (Christianity)  Original language(s): Arabic (Islam); Hebrew (Judaism); Aramaic and Greek (Christianity)  Early expansion: within 12 years in the entire Arabian peninsula; within a century, the Muslim world expanded from the Atlantic to China (Islam); very little expansion; mostly only to Palestine (Judaism); within 60 years to major cities in Palestine, Turkey, Greece and Rome; the whole Roman Empire by the close of the 4th century CE (Christianity)
Comparison: Common and differing beliefs  Islam and Judaism are strict monotheistic; Christianity is Trinitarian monotheistic  Believe in only one God- the only common belief among the three faiths  Names for God are Allah (Islam), Yahweh and Elohim (Judaism), and the Holy Trinity (Christianity)  All three faiths share two common other spiritual beings (angels and demons) but Islam has one the other two do not- jinn  Islam and Judaism have one revered human in common- prophets; Christianity has saints and church fathers  Identify of Jesus: True prophet of God whose message has been corrupted (Islam), false prophet (Judaism), and the Son of God, God incarnate, and savior of the world (Christianity)  Judaism and Christianity share a common belief on the death of Jesus that he was crucified; Islam believes he did not die, but ascended into heaven during crucifixion
Comparison: Common and differing beliefs – cont.  Islam and Judaism deny the resurrection of Jesus; Christianity affirms it  Islam and Christianity affirm the second coming of Jesus; Judaism denies it  Divine revelation: through Muhammad and recorded in the Qur’an (Islam); through Prophets and recorded in the Torah (Judaism); through Prophets and Jesus (as God Himself) recorded in the Bible (Christianity)  Views of sacred text: inspired, literal word of God, inerrant in original languages (Islam); views vary (Judaism); inspired and some believe inerrant in original languages (Christianity)  Differing beliefs on human nature: equal ability to do good or evil (Islam); two equal impulses- one good and one bad (Judaism); “original sins inherited from Adam – tendency towards evil (Christianity)  The three faiths have one common means of salvation- good deeds  God’s role in salvation is predestination in Islam; divine revelation and forgiveness in Judaism; and predestination and various forms of grace in Christianity
Comparison: Common and differing beliefs – cont.  Beliefs in good afterlife: everlasting paradise (Islam); views vary: either heaven or no afterlife (Judaism); everlasting heaven (Christianity)  Beliefs in bad afterlife: everlasting hell (Islam); views vary: either everlasting Gehenna, reincarnation, or no afterlife (Judaism); everlasting hell or temporary purgatory (Christianity - Catholicism only)  Different interpretations on fellow and related Abrahamic religions: Muslims view Jews and Christians as “People of the Book” but they have incorrect beliefs and only partial revelation; Jews view Islam and Christianity as false interpretations and extensions of their religion; Christians see Judaism as a true religion, but only with incomplete revelation; and Islam as a completely false religion
Muhammad
Moses
Abraham
Jesus
Christianity: Denominations  Catholic  Orthodox  Protestant  Lutheran  Calvinist  Anglic  Baptist  Non-Trinitarian  Unitarian Universalist Christians  Bible Students  Christadelphians  Christian Scientists
Christianity: Denominations – cont.  Friends General Conference  Iglesia ni Cistro  Jehovah’s Witnesses  Latter Day Saints  Oneness Pentecostals  United Church of God
Islam: Denominations  Sunni  Shia  Sufism  Minor denominations  Ahmadiyya  Ibadi  Qurantists  Yazdânism  Nation of Islam
Judaism: Religious Movements  Orthodox Judaism (Hareidi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism)  Conservative Judaism  Reform Judaism
Tense relationship among the three faiths  In spite of common beliefs and teaches, the three faiths have an uneasy and poor relationship amongst each other  This is evident through one faith’s views on the other two; false stereotypes of all three have also escalated discrimination  For example, followers of all three faiths- Jews in particular- suffered discrimination and persecution for their beliefs and practices for centuries, which saw recurring instances of pogroms  Common stereotypes of Jews included (and to an extent still include) money collectors and stealers, communists, big noses, and intelligence due to their success  Islam is especially misunderstood in the United States; after the 11 September 2001 attacks, racial profiling was ordered in airport security to inspect Muslims, which has led to false reasoning that all people of Muslim faith are terrorists; Islamist organization Al-Qaeda was responsible for the attacks and the four hijackers of United Airlines Flight 93 were Muslims
The End

More Related Content

Christianity, Islam, and Judaism

  • 2. Christianity  Followers are known as Christians  Currently has 2 billion followers  Largest religion in the world  Major religion in Europe and North and South America with rapid growth in Africa  Sacred text is the Bible (both Old and New Testaments)  Other written authority is church fathers, church councils, and papal degrees (Catholic only)  Religious law (only for Catholics) is Canon Law  Clergy is priests, ministers, pastors, and bishops
  • 3. Christianity – cont.  Houses of worship are churches, chapels, and cathedrals  Main day of worship is Sunday  Separates church and state
  • 6. Islam  Followers are known as Muslims  Currently has 1.3 billion followers  2nd largest religion in the world  Major religion in the Middle East and Southeast Asia  Scared text is the Qur’an (Koran)  Other written authority is the Hadith  Religious law is Sharia  Clergy is Imams  House of worship is a mosque
  • 9. Judaism  Followers are known as Jews  Currently has 14 million followers  12th largest religion in the world  Major religion in Israel, Europe, and the United States  Sacred text is the Bible, called the Torah (Old Testament only)  Other written authority is Talmud, Midrash, and Responsa  Religious law is Halakah  Clergy is Rabbis  House of worship is a synagogue  Main day of worship is Saturday  Separates church and state
  • 12. Comparison: Origins and History  Date founded: 622 CE (Islam); 1800 BCE (Judaism); c. 33 CE (Christianity)  Place founded: present-day Saudi Arabia (Islam); present-day Israel and Palestine (Judaism and Christianity)  Founder or prophet: Muhammad (Islam); Moses or Abraham (Judaism); Jesus (Christianity)  Original language(s): Arabic (Islam); Hebrew (Judaism); Aramaic and Greek (Christianity)  Early expansion: within 12 years in the entire Arabian peninsula; within a century, the Muslim world expanded from the Atlantic to China (Islam); very little expansion; mostly only to Palestine (Judaism); within 60 years to major cities in Palestine, Turkey, Greece and Rome; the whole Roman Empire by the close of the 4th century CE (Christianity)
  • 13. Comparison: Common and differing beliefs  Islam and Judaism are strict monotheistic; Christianity is Trinitarian monotheistic  Believe in only one God- the only common belief among the three faiths  Names for God are Allah (Islam), Yahweh and Elohim (Judaism), and the Holy Trinity (Christianity)  All three faiths share two common other spiritual beings (angels and demons) but Islam has one the other two do not- jinn  Islam and Judaism have one revered human in common- prophets; Christianity has saints and church fathers  Identify of Jesus: True prophet of God whose message has been corrupted (Islam), false prophet (Judaism), and the Son of God, God incarnate, and savior of the world (Christianity)  Judaism and Christianity share a common belief on the death of Jesus that he was crucified; Islam believes he did not die, but ascended into heaven during crucifixion
  • 14. Comparison: Common and differing beliefs – cont.  Islam and Judaism deny the resurrection of Jesus; Christianity affirms it  Islam and Christianity affirm the second coming of Jesus; Judaism denies it  Divine revelation: through Muhammad and recorded in the Qur’an (Islam); through Prophets and recorded in the Torah (Judaism); through Prophets and Jesus (as God Himself) recorded in the Bible (Christianity)  Views of sacred text: inspired, literal word of God, inerrant in original languages (Islam); views vary (Judaism); inspired and some believe inerrant in original languages (Christianity)  Differing beliefs on human nature: equal ability to do good or evil (Islam); two equal impulses- one good and one bad (Judaism); “original sins inherited from Adam – tendency towards evil (Christianity)  The three faiths have one common means of salvation- good deeds  God’s role in salvation is predestination in Islam; divine revelation and forgiveness in Judaism; and predestination and various forms of grace in Christianity
  • 15. Comparison: Common and differing beliefs – cont.  Beliefs in good afterlife: everlasting paradise (Islam); views vary: either heaven or no afterlife (Judaism); everlasting heaven (Christianity)  Beliefs in bad afterlife: everlasting hell (Islam); views vary: either everlasting Gehenna, reincarnation, or no afterlife (Judaism); everlasting hell or temporary purgatory (Christianity - Catholicism only)  Different interpretations on fellow and related Abrahamic religions: Muslims view Jews and Christians as “People of the Book” but they have incorrect beliefs and only partial revelation; Jews view Islam and Christianity as false interpretations and extensions of their religion; Christians see Judaism as a true religion, but only with incomplete revelation; and Islam as a completely false religion
  • 17. Moses
  • 19. Jesus
  • 20. Christianity: Denominations  Catholic  Orthodox  Protestant  Lutheran  Calvinist  Anglic  Baptist  Non-Trinitarian  Unitarian Universalist Christians  Bible Students  Christadelphians  Christian Scientists
  • 21. Christianity: Denominations – cont.  Friends General Conference  Iglesia ni Cistro  Jehovah’s Witnesses  Latter Day Saints  Oneness Pentecostals  United Church of God
  • 22. Islam: Denominations  Sunni  Shia  Sufism  Minor denominations  Ahmadiyya  Ibadi  Qurantists  Yazdânism  Nation of Islam
  • 23. Judaism: Religious Movements  Orthodox Judaism (Hareidi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism)  Conservative Judaism  Reform Judaism
  • 24. Tense relationship among the three faiths  In spite of common beliefs and teaches, the three faiths have an uneasy and poor relationship amongst each other  This is evident through one faith’s views on the other two; false stereotypes of all three have also escalated discrimination  For example, followers of all three faiths- Jews in particular- suffered discrimination and persecution for their beliefs and practices for centuries, which saw recurring instances of pogroms  Common stereotypes of Jews included (and to an extent still include) money collectors and stealers, communists, big noses, and intelligence due to their success  Islam is especially misunderstood in the United States; after the 11 September 2001 attacks, racial profiling was ordered in airport security to inspect Muslims, which has led to false reasoning that all people of Muslim faith are terrorists; Islamist organization Al-Qaeda was responsible for the attacks and the four hijackers of United Airlines Flight 93 were Muslims