BM-1

BASIN
MODELING

!  the
burial
history
of
the
basin
(back-‐stripping).

!  the
thermal
history
of
the
basin
(thermal
history
modeling).

!  the
maturity
history
of
the
source
rocks.

!  the
expulsion,
migration
and
trapping
of
hydrocarbons.

By
doing
so,
valuable
inferences
can
be
made
about
such
matters
as
hydrocarbon

generation
and
timing,
maturity
of
potential
source
rocks
and
migration
paths
of
expelled

hydrocarbons.

Basin
modeling
is
the
term
broadly
applied
to
a
group
of
geological
disciplines
that
can
be

used
to
analyze
the
formation
and
evolution
of
sedimentary
basins,
often
but
not

exclusively
to
aid
evaluation
of
potential
hydrocarbon
reserves.

At
its
most
basic,
a
basin
modeling
exercise
must
assess:

BASIN
MODELING
SOFTWARE

• BasinMod

• BMT
(Basin
Modelling
Toolbox)

• Genesis

• Migri

• NovvaPermedia
(former
Mpath)

• PetroMod

• TemisFlow

• MOVE

BASINMOD
2014

Platte
River
Associates,
Inc.

http://www.platte.com/software/basinmod-‐2012.html

Model
the
volume
of
hydrocarbon
generation
and
expulsion
through
time
for
multiple
wells.

Both

conventional
and
unconventional
resource
plays
can
be
modeled.

A
wide
range
of
other
values
are

modeled
including
maturity,
porosity,
permeability,
pressure
and
temperature,
all
of
which
can
be

used
to
further
analyze
the
petroleum
system.

Burial
History
Diagenesis
and
Pressure
Thermal
History
Source
Rock
Organic
Richness

Maturity
Erosion
Handling
of
LAS
Logs

BASINMOD
2D

Platte
River
Associates,
Inc.

BasinMod
2-‐D
models
dynamic
geologic
conditions
within
a
petroleum
system,
by
examining

hydrocarbon
generation
from
source
rocks
through
secondary
migration
and
accumulation
in
traps.

http://www.platte.com/software/basinmod-‐2-‐d.html

Model
building:

Import
data
including
BasinMod
model
files,
digitized
or
scanned

cross
sections,
or
interpreted
horizons
(e.g.,
Charisma,
Landmark,
or

GeoQuest).

Easily
handle
complex
stratigraphy,
including
complicated

unconformities.

Vary
surface
temperature
and
heat
flow
through
time.

Model
lateral
and
vertical
facies
successions.

Graphically
display
and
edit
chronostratigraphic
section.

Calculations:

Calculation
engine
combines
backstripping
and
forward
modeling.

Calculate
values
for
all
cells
in
a
calculation
grid.

The
variation
of
pressure
and
fluids
in
adjacent
cells
drives
migration.

Uses
finite
difference
method
for
thermal
and
fluid
flow
calculations.

Fluid
flow
along
faults
may
be
or
automated
or
manually
controlled.

Calculate
effects
of
mobile
substrates
(e.g.,
salt,
shale)
through
time.

BMT
(Basin
Modeling
Toolbox)

Tectonor
AS

http://www.tectonor.com/expertise/basin-‐modelling
BMT
is
a
2D
system
built
up
of
6
modeling
modules:

1.
Geohistory
module
where
the
basin
geometry
is
reconstructed

through
time,
by
removing
one-‐by-‐one
layer
and
decompacting

the
sediments
underneath,
and
by
restoring
the
faults.

2.
Isostasy
module
calculates
the
response
to
sediment
loading

or
unloading
(erosion)
and
fault
movements.

3.
Tectonic
module,
where
the
subsidence/uplift
of
extensional
is

calculated

4.
Temperature
module
calculates
the
temperature
history
of
the

basin,
which
is
dependent
on
the
thermal
conductivity
and
heat

capacity
of
rocks,
porosity,
and
heat
flow
during
lithospheric

thinning.
The
resulting
present
day
temperature
is
calibrated
to

temperature
measurements
from
well
data.

5.
Maturation
module
where
temperature
history
is
the
basis
for

the
calculation
of
the
thermal
maturation
of
organic
matter.
The

result
is
calibrated
to
well
data
of
vitrinite
reflectance
or
apatite

fission
tracks.

6.
Diagenesis
module
that
calculates
chemical
compaction
by

quartz
diagenesis.

GENESIS

ZetaWare

http://www.zetaware.com/products/trinity/index.html
Use
of
advanced
theories
and
still
easy
to
use
1-‐D
modeling
tool.

• 
models
the
full
lithosphere
in
the
transient
thermal
model
so
heat
flow

can
be
predicted
away
from
well
control
and
through
geological
time.

• 
a
source
rock
facies
data
base
to
link
lithofacies
with
kinetic
models.

Genesis
will
provide
a
mixture
of
analog
kinetics
parameters
to
best

describe
your
source
rock.

• 
modified/improved
Rift
heat
flow
modeling
to
account
for
radiogenic

heat
component
loss
during
rifting.
The
traditional
models
over-‐predict

heat
flow
and
maturity
in
such
basins.

• 
lithology
mixing
in
Genesis
is
unique.
The
different
lithologies
in
a

formation
are
handled
as
truly
inter-‐bedded
layers,
while
other
1D
models

just
average
the
parameters
to
make
up
a
new
lithology
for
each
formation

• 
genesis
handles
complex
geology
such
as
thrusting,
faulting,
salt

movement
in
the
PDE
solver
directly
so
all
the
effects
are
simulated.
Some

of
the
competitor
products
can
only
mimic
the
geometry
change
but
not

the
processes.

• 
modifed/Improved
the
quartz
cementation
model
developed
by

Walderhaug
(1994)
and
made
it
available
by
the
click
of
a
button.

MIGRI

Migris
AS

http://www.migris.no/software/migri/
The
Migri
migration
simulator
simulates,
animates
and
visualizes
the

migration
of
hydrocarbons
through
interactive
3D
models.

The
basin
modeling
software
combines
probabilistic
Monte
Carlo

techniques
with
innovative
migration
modeling
process
description
to

reduce
geological
uncertainties
and
assess
the
petroleum
systems

and
charge
risks
in
the
exploration
acreage.

The
aim
is
to
perform
simulations
at
seismic
resolution
with
complex

geometries
while
retaining
interactivity
to
allow
for
high
turn-‐around

of
analysis
results.

The
visualization
solution
is
tightly
coupled
with
the
simulator
in
an

interactive
system.

This
enables
exploration
geologists
to
run
many
alternative
scenarios

in
hours
rather
than
days.

Migri
uses
a
dynamic
mesh
(flow
path)
technique
to
transport

hydrocarbons
from
their
generation
location,
via
primary
migration,

secondary
migration
and
into
structural
and/or
stratigraphic
traps.

Tertiary
leakage
and
the
spill
from
traps
processes
are
also
simulated

through
time.
Migration
is
modeled
to
occur
in
regular
and/or

irregular
mesh
elements
and
may
be
influenced
by
sealing
faults
in
a

model
typically
close
to
the
seismic
scales
in
resolution.
Hydrocarbon

saturations
within
the
computing
nodes
are
considered
to
be
non-‐
constant
and
hysteresis
leakage
effects
are
considered.

Layers
and
sub
layers
in
Migri,
color-‐coded
for
Vshale
(0-‐100%)

Modeled
migration
flow-‐rates
along
a
carrier
bed

NOVVA

Sirius
Exploration
Geochemistry
Inc

http://siriusxgc.com/novva/
Version
1.0
of
Novva
software
for
geologic
investigation
and

integration,
was
released
on
23
June
2014.
Novva
models

burial
and
thermal
history,
as
well
as
maturity
and

hydrocarbon
generation,
in
ways
similar
to
other
1D

modeling
software.
However,
Novva
establishes
and

achieves
three
major
additional
objectives
that
make
it
the

tool
of
choice
for
1D
modeling,
and
for
enhancing
geologic

understanding
and
generating
new
exploration
ideas.

Novva’s
unique
interview
format
guides
the
user
through

the
model-‐building
and
optimization
process.
Default

values
are
provided
for
most
required
data
(e.g.,
lithologies

and
their
properties,
compaction
methods,
correction
of

down
hole
temperatures,
kerogen
kinetics),
and
clear

explanations
(with
references)
are
given
for
all
aspects
of

the
model-‐building
process.
This
comprehensiveness
and

flexibility
offer
a
wide
range
of
options
for
solving
most

modeling
problems.
Novva
relieves
many
tedious
and

difficult
burdens
for
modelers
by
performing
automatic

correction
of
down
hole
temperature
data,
and
automatic

optimization
of
porosity
and
present-‐day
temperature.

Modeling
thus
becomes
much
faster
and
easier,
and
the

results
are
more
consistent.

PERMEDIA

Halliburton
-‐
Landmark

Provides
a
complete
end-‐to-‐end
workflow
for
basin

modeling:
build
sophisticated
earth
models,
forward

model
pressures
and
temperatures,
add
source

generation
and
seal
characteristics,
and
migrate
fluids

using
the
most
advanced
simulator
in
the
industry.

An
easy
to
use
1D
(well
data)
basin
modeling
toolkit.

Start
from
actual
well
data
or
a
spreadsheet
and
build

1D
basin
models,
perform
well
and
source
rock
analysis,

and
create
pressure
from
wire
line
studies.
Collaborative

calibration,
custom
source
rocks,
enhanced
scripting

and
OpenWorks®
database
support,
even
faster

migration,
dusty
gas
diffusion
model.
Permedia
Viewers

software
and
basin
modeling
tools
of
Permedia

Petroleum
Systems
software,
Permedia
Suite
software

adds
reservoir
fluid
modeling,
integrating
reservoir
and

basin
workflows.
In
2011,
MPath
software
was
renamed

Permedia
software,
and
the
first
version
was
released
in

December.
Conducting
1D
basin
modeling
in
frontier

exploration
areas
and
shale
field
developments.
Model

sediment
maturities,
heat
flow,
compaction,
source

rock
potential
and
any
number
of
derived
properties

based
on
your
own
workflows.

http://www.permedia.ca

PETROMOD
1D/2D/3D

Schlumberger

http://www.software.slb.com/products/foundation/Pages/petromod.aspx

PetroMod
petroleum
systems
modeling
software
combines
seismic,
well,
and

geological
information
to
model
the
evolution
of
a
sedimentary
basin.
The
software

predicts
if,
and
how,
a
reservoir
has
been
charged
with
hydrocarbons,
including
the

source
and
timing
of
hydrocarbon
generation,
migration
routes,
quantities,
and

hydrocarbon
type
in
the
subsurface
or
at
surface
conditions.
Large-‐scale
geologic

petroleum
systems
models
(1D,
2D,
or
3D)
cover
areas
ranging
from
a
single
charge

area
for
a
prospect
to
regional
studies
of
entire
basins
to
multibasin
resource

assessments.
The
models
are
dynamic,
which
means
they
provide
a
complete
record

of
the
structural
evolution,
temperature,
and
pressure
history,
as
well
as
the
eﬀects
on

generation,
migration,
accumulation,
and
loss
of
oil
and
gas
in
a
petroleum
system

through
geologic
time.
Properties
such
as
gas/oil
ratios
(GOR)
and
API
gravities
can
be

analyzed,
understood,
and
predicted.

Petroleum
systems
modeling
(PSM)
is
a
vital
component
of
exploration
risk

assessment—from
basin
to
prospect.
It
can
be
applied
during
all
stages
of
exploration,

from
frontier
basins
with
no
well
control,
to
well-‐explored
areas
and
charge

assessments
of
single
prospects
or
ﬁelds.
Even
in
producing
areas,
charge
risk
on
a

prospect
scale
is
an
essential
component
of
a
fully
integrated
risk
assessment.
The
3D

petroleum
systems
model
includes
all
the
key
elements
of
geological
risk
in

exploration
(trap,
reservoir,
charge,
seal,
and
timing
of
hydrocarbon
generation,

migration,
and
loss)
and
enables
rigorous
risk
analyses.

SEMI

Sintef

Modeling
migration
and
entrapment
of
oil
and
gas
from
source

rocks
to
traps
in
three
dimensions,
and
thereby
provide

quantitative
estimates
of
the
amounts
and
phases
of

hydrocarbons
in
(undrilled)
traps.
SEMI
(SEcondary
MIgration)

has
built
in
functions
for
simulating
the
generation
and
expulsion

of
oil
and
gas
from
source
rocks.
SEMI
also
models
the
processes

that
cause
hydrocarbons
to
migrate
out
of
traps.
SEMI
allow
user

to
utilize
all
the
available
data
and
concepts
in
the
building
of
the

geological
model
and
the
representation
of
the
hydrocarbon

system.
It
is
easy
to
import
results
from
most
other
basin

modeling
tools
and
thus
take
advantage
of
mapping
and

modeling
work
which
already
exists.
Geological
input
data
often

exist
as
a
combination
of
scattered
well
data,
coarse
grids
in
the

deep
parts
of
the
basin
and
high
resolution
seismic
coverage
in

the
prospective
areas.
SEMI
is
designed
to
utilize
all
available
data

to
its
full
extent,
by
allowing
for
running
multi-‐resolution

simulations
and
providing
tools
for
bridging
the
gap
between

single-‐point
information
and
regional
data.
SEMI
easily

incorporate
new
information
into
old
models,
as
it
becomes

available,
allowing
for
eﬃcient
re-‐usage
of
existing
basin
models.

http://www.sintef.no/home/SINTEF-‐Petroleum-‐Research/Software/SEMI/

The
illustration
shows
modeled
oil
ﬂow
rates
and
hydrocarbon
accumulations
(dark

green=oil,
red=gas)
in
a
multi-‐carrier
model
from
the
Norwegian
North
Sea.

TEMISFLOW

BeicipFranlab

http://www.beicip.com/petroleum-‐system-‐assessment
TemisFlow
is
the
next-‐generation
solution
for
multi-‐
dimensional
basin
modeling,
offering
all
the
functionalities

required
to
understand
and
model
oil
and
gas
generation,

migration
and
accumulation
processes.
Built
upon
30
years

of
R&D
for
numerical
modeling
of
petroleum
systems,
it

enjoys
a
unique
reputation
for
scientific
rigor
and
sound

physical
basis.
TemisFlow
unified
workflow
offers
the

following
key
stages:

•
Present
day
model
building
(1D,
M1D,
2D,
3D,
LGR)

•
Restoration
through
time

•
Simulations
(temperature,
maturity,
expulsion,
pressure,

migration)

•
Calibration

•
Post-‐Processing

• 
Step
by
step
workflow

TemisFlow
applicability
ranges
from
regional
resources

evaluation
and
play
assessment,
prospect
generation
and

ranking
to
pre-‐drill
risk
assessment,
including
pore
pressure

prediction
and
drilling
optimization
in
overpressured
areas.

GEOLOGICAL
FRAMEWORK
AND
GEOGRID,
BACKSTRIPPING,
ADVANCED
RESTORATION

PROCESS,
SALT
RESTORATION,
MAP
EDITOR
,
LITHOLOGY
MANAGEMENT,
DIAGENESIS

MOVE

Midland
Valley

http://www.mve.com/software/move
Fully
integrated
2D
and
3D
model
building
and
analysis.
Move
is
the

core
application
of
the
Move
suite.
It
provides
a
powerful
stand-‐alone

environment
for
data
integration,
cross-‐section
construction
and
3D

model
building
and
forms
the
base
for
the
specialist
structural

modules
for
2D
and
3D
kinematic,
geomechanical,
fracture,
and

sediment
modeling
and
stress
analysis.

The
Move
application
provides
a
platform,
which
integrates
geo-‐
referenced
2D
and
3D
views,
allowing
over
a
100
diﬀerent
data

formats
to
be
combined.
The
integrated
views
can
be
used
to

construct
geologically
valid
cross-‐sections
and
3D
models
using

manual
and
automated
tools.

The
2D/3D
space
provides
the
best
practice
environment
to
develop

models,
which
can
then
be
directly
tested
and
validated
using
the

kinematic
modules.
Use
the
orientation
plots,
cross
plots,
stereoplots,

rose
diagrams
and
object
property
tables
to
thoroughly
investigate

the
model
and
construction
process.
Move
is
used
to
look
for

maximum
value
from
data,
in
any
tectonic
regime.

REFERENCES

• 
Duppenbecker
S.
J.
and
Eliﬀe
J.
E.,
Basin
Modelling:
Practice
and
Progress,
Geological

Society
Special
Publication,
(1998).
ISBN
1-‐86239-‐008-‐8

• 
Lerche
I.,
Basin
Analysis:
Quantitative
Methods
v.2,
Academic
Press
(1990).
ISBN

0-‐12-‐444173-‐4

• 
Hantschel,
T.
and
Kauerauf,
A.I.,
Fundamentals
of
Basin
and
Petroleum
Systems
Modeling,

Springer
(2009).
ISBN
978-‐3-‐540-‐72317-‐2

Author

Stig-‐Arne
Kristoffersen
is
a
Corporate
exec
with
substantial

corporate
experience.
Stig-‐Arne
provide
preemptive
support
in

German
or
English,
with
basic
skill
set
in
Russian.

Kristoffersen
focus
on
Knowledge
Based
Information
processes

and
systems
within
oil
and
gas
industry,
contract
drafting,
asset

negotiations
within
real
estate
and
energy
sectors.
Stig
Arne
has

a
broad
experience
in
all
aspects
of
Geo-‐science.
Direct

experience
with
energy
business,
technical
consulting
and

venture
capital.

Stig
has
extensive
experience
in
play
development
and
prospect

generation
in
various
basins
globally.
Stig
Arne
has
performed
a

large
variation
of

risk
assessment
as
part
of
prospect
maturation

with
HI-‐end
tools
from
various
vendors
like
Schlumberger,

Paladin,
SMT
etc.

Stig
Arne
has
participated
in
multiple
projects
with
efficient

Exploration
and
Production
of
oil
and
gas
resources,
and

experience
in
making
quick
turnaround
from
resource
to

reserves.
Utilizing
acceptable
international
renown
techniques
to

achieve
the
goal
of
the
projects
are
always
the
goal.

www.Valioso.Rocks

BM-1

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