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Basic-CSS-tutorial

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The document provides an overview of basic CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) concepts including what CSS is, why it is used, CSS syntax, selectors like element, class, ID and pseudo selectors, and common CSS properties for styling elements like color, background, fonts, text, lists, and borders. CSS is used to control the presentation and layout of HTML documents and is linked to HTML pages through <link> or <style> tags in the <head> section.

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Basic CSS Author: Dwight VanTuyl Created: September 29, 2008 The LINGUIST List
What is CSS? • Cascading: Multiple styles can overlap in order to specify a range of style from a whole web site down to a unique element. Which style gets applied pertains to the rules of CSS cascading logic. • Style: CSS deals specifically with the presentation domain of designing a web page (color, font, layout, etc). • Sheet: Normally, CSS is a file separate from the HTML file – linked to the HTML file through its <head> (exceptions apply).
Why CSS? • Allows for much richer document appearances than HTML. • Reduce workload by centralizing commands for visual appearance instead of scattered throughout the HTML doc. • Use same style on multiple pages. • Reduce page download size. Use HTML for content; CSS for Presentation.
Reference CSS from HTML <link rel=“stylesheet” type=“text/css” href=“lipstick.css” /> pig.html lipstick.css <html> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href=“lipstick.css" /> </head> … </html>
CSS Syntax Selector Style Block h1 { color: red; Style Element Values Properties background: yellow; } •The Selector selects elements on the HTML page. •The associated Style Block applies its Style Values to the selected Element’s Properties
Selectors • Select elements to apply a declared style. • Selector types: – Element Selectors: selects all elements of a specific type (<body>, <h1>, <p>, etc.) – Class Selectors: selects all elements that belong to a given class. – ID Selectors: selects a single element that’s been given a unique id. – Pseudo Selectors: combines a selector with a user activated state (:hover, :link, :visited)
Element Selectors • Finds all HTML elements that have the specified element type. • Example: h1 { color: blue; } Finds all elements of type <h1> and makes the text color blue.
Class Selectors • Finds all elements of a given class – based on the attribute’s class value. • Syntax: .classname (Remember the dot means class selector) • Example: .legs { font-weight: bold; background: pink; } Finds all elements whose class = “legs” and makes their font bold and their backgrounds pink.
ID Selectors • Finds a single element that’s been given a unique id – based on the attribute’s id value. • Syntax: #idname (Remember the pound-sign means id selector) • Example: #snout{ border: solid red; } Finds a single element whose id = “snout” and gives it a solid red border.
Pseudo-Selectors • Apply styles to a user activated state of an element. • If used, must be declared in a specific order in the style sheet. • General Purpose Pseudo-Selector: – :hover Element with mouse over • Specific to hyperlinks (and/or buttons) – a:active A link or button that is currently being clicked on. – a:link A link that has NOT been visited yet. – a:visited A link that HAS been visited.
Grouping Selectors • Lets say you want to apply the same style to several different selectors. Don’t repeat the style – use a comma!! • Syntax: sel1, sel2, sel3 (Remember the comma to group several different selectors) • Example: h1, .legs, #snout{ font-size: 20pt; } Finds all elements of type <h1>, all elements with class=“legs” and the single element whose id = “snout” then makes their font-size 20pt.
Conflict Resolution • It’s possible to have different styles applied to the same selector (CascadingSS), but what if the styles tell the browser to do conflicting things? • Rules: – Which selector is more specific? – If the selectors are the same, then which style was applied last?
Sharpen Your Selector • Order of specificity: (specific) id, class, element type (ambiguous) • Combine selectors: Elementype.classname or Elementype#idname e.g. p.legs or h2#snout
Sharpen Your Selector (cont.) • Descendant Selectors: Specify the context in the HTML tree from each ancestor down to the desired element – each separated by a space. e.g. body.pig p.pig-head #snout • HTML Tree: <body class=“pig”> <p class=“pig-head”> <h1 id=“snout”> Snout Snout Snout </h1> </p> </body>
Firebug – Firefox Addon • Tool for figuring out what styles are being applied to which element (and which are being overwritten due to conflict resolution). • http://getfirebug.com/ • Right-click on an element, then select “Inspect Element” from the dropdown menu.
<span> Element tag • Useful for applying style to text within another HTML element. • Use SPARINGLY – unlike <h1> or <p>, <span> has no semantic meaning. • Remember, HTML is for content and HTML tags are for describing that content to non-human or visually-impaired readers. <span> is just used to make things “pretty.”
<div> Element tag • Useful for dividing parts of the page into sections. • Creates a “box” with the following attributes: – margin – padding – border – height – width – (..and lots more) • Primary element used for CSS Layouts (more information in CSS Layouts tutorial)
Color Properties • color: specifies the text color. • background-color: specifies the background color. black; or #000000; red; or #FF0000; lime; or #00FF00; blue; or #0000FF; white; or #000000; …and more see: http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_colornames.asp
Colorzilla – Firefox Addon • Easily find color values for elements in a document. • http://www.iosart.com/firefox/colorzilla/ • Click on the eyedropper icon in the bottom-left of the browser and select any color in your browser window. • Right-click on the eyedropper for more options.
Background Image Properties • background-image: url(../location/of/image.jpg) • background-repeat: tile image in background • background-position: vertical (top, center, bottom, or size) horizontal (left, center, right, or size) • background-attachment: (scroll or fixed)
Font Properties • font-family: times, arial, serif, sans-serif, monospace; • font-style: italic; • font-weight: (bold, bolder, lighter, or 100 – 900;) • font-size: size; …or shorthand • font: style weight size family;
Text Properties • text-indent: indents first line of a paragraph according to size • text-align: right; or left; or center; or justify; • text-decoration: none; or underline; • text-transform: Capitalize; • Line-height: added vertical space to each line of text according to size
List Properties <ul> • list-style-type: none, disc, circle, square, (other types available) • list-style-position: inside or outside • list-style-image: url(../path/to/image.jpg) …or shorthand • list-style: type position image
Border Properties • border-width: (thin, medium, thick, or size) • border-style: (none, hidden, dotted, dashed, solid, double, groove, ridge, inset, or outset) • border-color: color …or shorthand • border(-top, -right, -left, -bottom): width style color

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Basic-CSS-tutorial

  • 1. Basic CSS Author: Dwight VanTuyl Created: September 29, 2008 The LINGUIST List
  • 2. What is CSS? • Cascading: Multiple styles can overlap in order to specify a range of style from a whole web site down to a unique element. Which style gets applied pertains to the rules of CSS cascading logic. • Style: CSS deals specifically with the presentation domain of designing a web page (color, font, layout, etc). • Sheet: Normally, CSS is a file separate from the HTML file – linked to the HTML file through its <head> (exceptions apply).
  • 3. Why CSS? • Allows for much richer document appearances than HTML. • Reduce workload by centralizing commands for visual appearance instead of scattered throughout the HTML doc. • Use same style on multiple pages. • Reduce page download size. Use HTML for content; CSS for Presentation.
  • 4. Reference CSS from HTML <link rel=“stylesheet” type=“text/css” href=“lipstick.css” /> pig.html lipstick.css <html> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href=“lipstick.css" /> </head> … </html>
  • 5. CSS Syntax Selector Style Block h1 { color: red; Style Element Values Properties background: yellow; } •The Selector selects elements on the HTML page. •The associated Style Block applies its Style Values to the selected Element’s Properties
  • 6. Selectors • Select elements to apply a declared style. • Selector types: – Element Selectors: selects all elements of a specific type (<body>, <h1>, <p>, etc.) – Class Selectors: selects all elements that belong to a given class. – ID Selectors: selects a single element that’s been given a unique id. – Pseudo Selectors: combines a selector with a user activated state (:hover, :link, :visited)
  • 7. Element Selectors • Finds all HTML elements that have the specified element type. • Example: h1 { color: blue; } Finds all elements of type <h1> and makes the text color blue.
  • 8. Class Selectors • Finds all elements of a given class – based on the attribute’s class value. • Syntax: .classname (Remember the dot means class selector) • Example: .legs { font-weight: bold; background: pink; } Finds all elements whose class = “legs” and makes their font bold and their backgrounds pink.
  • 9. ID Selectors • Finds a single element that’s been given a unique id – based on the attribute’s id value. • Syntax: #idname (Remember the pound-sign means id selector) • Example: #snout{ border: solid red; } Finds a single element whose id = “snout” and gives it a solid red border.
  • 10. Pseudo-Selectors • Apply styles to a user activated state of an element. • If used, must be declared in a specific order in the style sheet. • General Purpose Pseudo-Selector: – :hover Element with mouse over • Specific to hyperlinks (and/or buttons) – a:active A link or button that is currently being clicked on. ��� a:link A link that has NOT been visited yet. – a:visited A link that HAS been visited.
  • 11. Grouping Selectors • Lets say you want to apply the same style to several different selectors. Don’t repeat the style – use a comma!! • Syntax: sel1, sel2, sel3 (Remember the comma to group several different selectors) • Example: h1, .legs, #snout{ font-size: 20pt; } Finds all elements of type <h1>, all elements with class=“legs” and the single element whose id = “snout” then makes their font-size 20pt.
  • 12. Conflict Resolution • It’s possible to have different styles applied to the same selector (CascadingSS), but what if the styles tell the browser to do conflicting things? • Rules: – Which selector is more specific? – If the selectors are the same, then which style was applied last?
  • 13. Sharpen Your Selector • Order of specificity: (specific) id, class, element type (ambiguous) • Combine selectors: Elementype.classname or Elementype#idname e.g. p.legs or h2#snout
  • 14. Sharpen Your Selector (cont.) • Descendant Selectors: Specify the context in the HTML tree from each ancestor down to the desired element – each separated by a space. e.g. body.pig p.pig-head #snout • HTML Tree: <body class=“pig”> <p class=“pig-head”> <h1 id=“snout”> Snout Snout Snout </h1> </p> </body>
  • 15. Firebug – Firefox Addon • Tool for figuring out what styles are being applied to which element (and which are being overwritten due to conflict resolution). • http://getfirebug.com/ • Right-click on an element, then select “Inspect Element” from the dropdown menu.
  • 16. <span> Element tag • Useful for applying style to text within another HTML element. • Use SPARINGLY – unlike <h1> or <p>, <span> has no semantic meaning. • Remember, HTML is for content and HTML tags are for describing that content to non-human or visually-impaired readers. <span> is just used to make things “pretty.”
  • 17. <div> Element tag • Useful for dividing parts of the page into sections. • Creates a “box” with the following attributes: – margin – padding – border – height – width – (..and lots more) • Primary element used for CSS Layouts (more information in CSS Layouts tutorial)
  • 18. Color Properties • color: specifies the text color. • background-color: specifies the background color. black; or #000000; red; or #FF0000; lime; or #00FF00; blue; or #0000FF; white; or #000000; …and more see: http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_colornames.asp
  • 19. Colorzilla – Firefox Addon • Easily find color values for elements in a document. • http://www.iosart.com/firefox/colorzilla/ • Click on the eyedropper icon in the bottom-left of the browser and select any color in your browser window. • Right-click on the eyedropper for more options.
  • 20. Background Image Properties • background-image: url(../location/of/image.jpg) • background-repeat: tile image in background • background-position: vertical (top, center, bottom, or size) horizontal (left, center, right, or size) • background-attachment: (scroll or fixed)
  • 21. Font Properties • font-family: times, arial, serif, sans-serif, monospace; • font-style: italic; • font-weight: (bold, bolder, lighter, or 100 – 900;) • font-size: size; …or shorthand • font: style weight size family;
  • 22. Text Properties • text-indent: indents first line of a paragraph according to size • text-align: right; or left; or center; or justify; • text-decoration: none; or underline; • text-transform: Capitalize; • Line-height: added vertical space to each line of text according to size
  • 23. List Properties <ul> • list-style-type: none, disc, circle, square, (other types available) • list-style-position: inside or outside • list-style-image: url(../path/to/image.jpg) …or shorthand • list-style: type position image
  • 24. Border Properties • border-width: (thin, medium, thick, or size) • border-style: (none, hidden, dotted, dashed, solid, double, groove, ridge, inset, or outset) • border-color: color …or shorthand • border(-top, -right, -left, -bottom): width style color