ASP.NET Basics

Introduction to ASP.NET
Week 11, day1

ASP
Active Server Pages
‚ASP.NET is a server side scripting language‛

.NET overview
•.NET is a framework for developing web-based and
windows-based applications within the Microsoft
environment.
• Components of .NET
 MICROSOFT Intermediate language - all code is
complied into a more abstract, trimmed version before
execution. All .NET languages are compiled to MSIL –
the common language of .NET
The CLR- common language runtime; responsible for
executing MSIL code; interfaces to Windows and IIS
A rich set of libraries (Framework Class Libraries)
available to all .NET languages

Components of .NET (Continuation)
The .NET languages such as C#, VB.NET etc that
conform to CLR
ASP.NET is how the Framework is exposed to the
web, using IIS (internet information system) to manage
simple pages of code so that they can be complied into
full .NET programs. These generate HTML for the
browser (when the page is requested by a client
browser).

Generate HTML
Get index.aspx
1
3
4
pass index.aspx to .net
framework
5
WebServer
Index.aspx in
interpreted HTMl form
Browser
2
Get index.aspx from
hard disk
How IIS takes requests and processes it
.NET

Scripting Languages
• A ‚script‛ is a collection of program or sequence of instructions that is
interpreted or carried out by another program rather than by the computer
processor. Two types of scripting languages are
– Client-side Scripting Language
– Server-side Scripting Language
• In server-side scripting, (such as PHP, ASP) the script is processed by the
server Like: Apache, ColdFusion, ISAPI and Microsoft's IIS on Windows.
• Client-side scripting such as JavaScript runs on the web browser.

Generate HTML
Get index.aspx
1
3
4
framework
5
WebServer
Index.aspx in
Browser
2
Get index.aspx from
hard disk
.NET
ASP.NET is a server side
scripting language because the
code runs on the server and
returns the result in html form
to the client browser

Generate HTML
Get index.aspx
1
3
4
framework
5
WebServer
Index.aspx in
Browser
2
Get index.aspx from
hard disk
.NET
Client side scripting is something
where code runs on client
side(browser). For eg checking
whether a HTML text field contains
data or not can be done by running
a script from browser itself

Microsoft Visual Studio
•Microsoft Visual Studio is an IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) on which .net applications can be created
easily.
•It is a powerful tool that can expose the features of the
.net framework to make the developers work easier
•Applications can be run from within the IDE and has
inbuilt compiler and debugger (no need to install third
party servers like WAMP, XAMPP etc. to run the application
as in case of PHP)
•It exposes a rich design based interface to manage any
aspect of a .net project from design to deployment

Create a new asp.net website project
Go to start > all programs > microsoft visual studio 2008 (or whatever version
you have installed)

Click on file > new web site

(for C# select the language as Visual C#)

• Double click on the button control you just created

• You can also add handlers for other events of the button

Adding connection string to the web.config file

Adding a new item to the project

Getting started with ASP.NET programming

.Net Controls, Events and Event handlers
• .net Controls –
 There are no. of controls those are available in the toolbox inside visual
studio. Eg. Button, textbox, dropdownlist etc.
 Each control represents a class extended from
the System.Web.UI.WebControls class
 Each control has events, properties and methods associated with it
 Each control in an aspx page is identified by a unique id, no two controls
on the same page can share an id
• Events
 Events happen when the user does some sort of action on a control eg.
Click for a button, changing the text for a textbox etc.
• Event Handlers
 Event handlers are code blocks that will be executed when events are
raised

.Net Controls, Events and Event handlers (continuation)
 In plain words an event handler for the click of a button that has an id
“btn_a” will tell the server like
“Do this on the click of btn_a”
 There are no. of event handlers associated with each type of .net control
 Custom event handlers can also be registered for certain controls.

Commenting
// comment single line
/* comment
multiple lines */
C#
//comment single line
/* Comment
multiple Lines*/
VB.NET
‘comment single line
/* Comment
multiple Lines*/
C ASP.NET

Data types
• ASP.NET supports many different data types such as
o Integer
o String
o Double
o Boolean
o Datetime
o Arrays

Type Casting
 Response.write ((0.1 + 0.7) * 10); //Outputs 8
 Response.write ([cint] ((0.1 + 0.7) * 10));//Outputs 7
• This happens because the result of this simple arithmetic
expression is stored internally as 7.999999 instead of 8; when the
value is converted to integer, ASP.NET simply truncates away the
fractional part, resulting in a rather significant error (12.5%, to be
exact).

Declaring a variable
//Declaring a variable
Int a=10;
Char c=‘a’;
Float f=1.12;
C#
String a; //variable without initialisation
String a = ‚Hello‛; //variable with
initialisation
VB.NET
Dim a as string //variable without
initialisation
dim a as string = ‚Hello‛ //variable with
initialisation
C ASP.NET

Variables
• Variables are temporary storage containers.
• In ASP.NET, a variable can contain any type of data, such as, for example,
strings, integers, floating numbers, objects and arrays provided the variable
must be declared in that datatype.
• As in case of PHP which is loosely typed, ASP.NET will not implicitly
change the type of a variable as needed. ASP.NET languages are strongly
typed, like C and Java, where variables can only contain one type of data
throughout their existence.

Declaring a constant
//Declaring a constant using ‘const’
const int a=10;
int const a=10;
//Declaring a constant using ‘#define’
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE 0
#define NAME_SIZE 20
C#
Const String a = ‚Hello‛;
VB.NET
const a as string = ‚Hello‛
C ASP.NET

Constants
• Conversely to variables, constants are meant for defining immutable
values.
• Compile-time and Run-time Constants
A compile-time constant is computed at the time the code is compiled,
while a run-time constant can only be computed while the application is
running. A compile-time constant will have the same value each time an
application runs, while a run-time constant may change each time.

Control Structures
Conditional Control Structures
• If
• If else
• Switch
Loops
For
While
Do while
Other
• Break
• Continue
‚Exactly the same as on left side‛
+
• return
• go to
C ASP.NET

Functions
Int findSum(int a,int b)
{
Int c;
c=a+b;
Return c
}
findSum(10,15);
function findSum(byVal a as
integer,byVal b as integer)
Dim c as integer
c=a+b
Return c
End function
Dim d as integer = findSum(10,15)
Response.write(d) ‘output : 25
C ASP.NET (vb.net example)

Functions
public int findSum(int a, int b) {
int c;
c = (a + b);
return c;
}
private int d = findSum(10, 15);
Response.write(d); //output : 25
ASP.NET (C# example)

Function arguments
• You can define any number of arguments to an ASP.NET function.
• Arguments can be passed by reference(byRef) or by value (byValue)
o byRef - When an argument is passed by reference, the called
procedure can change the value of the variable. The change persists
after the procedure is called
o byValue - When an argument is passed by value, any changes that the
called procedure makes to the value of the variable do not persist
after the procedure is called.

Function return type
• The function return type can also be defined in the function
declaration
– VB.net
Function findSum(byval a as integer, byval b as integer) as integer
Dim c as integer
c=a+b
Return c
End function
– C#
public int findSum(int a, int b) {
int c;
c = (a + b);
return c;
}

Function return type
• A function without a return value is called as a sub routine
and is defined as follows in ASP.NET
– Vb.net
private sub findSum(byval a as integer, byval b as integer)
Dim c as integer
c=a+b
End sub
– C#
Protected void findSum(int a, int b)
{
int c;
c=a+b;
}

Strings
Char a*+=‚Baabtra‛;
Printf(‚Hello %s‛,a);
Dim a as string =‚Baabtra‛
Response.write( ‚Hello ‛ + a) //Output:
Hello baabtra
Response.write( ‚Hello + a‛) //Output:
Hello + a
‚Strings will be continued in coming
chapters‛
C ASP.NET

Arrays
Indexed Array
int a[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
Printf(‚%d‛,a[i]);
‚Array will be continued in coming
chapters‛
Declaring an array of strings
Vb.net
Dim arrStr as string() //without
initialisation
Dim arrStr as string() = (‚a‛, ‚b‛)
//with initialisation
C#
string[] arrStr ;//without
initialisation
string[] arrStr = new string[] {
"one", "two", "three" } //with
initialisation
C ASP.NET

Operators
C
Arithmetic Operators
+, ++, -, --, *, /, %
Comparison Operators
==, !=, ===, !==, >, >=, < , <=
Logical Operators
&&, ||, !
Assignment Operators
=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=
ASP.NET
Arithmetic Operators
Ope
rato
r
description Example Re
sul
t
+ Addition myNum = 3 + 4 7
- Subtraction myNum = 4 - 3 1
* Multiplication myNum = 3 * 4 12
/ Division myNum = 12 /4 3
^ Exponential myNum = 2 ^ 4 16
Mod Modulus myNum = 23
Mod 10
3
- Negation myNum = -10 -10
Integer
Division
myNum = 9 3 3

Comparison operators
Operator description Example Result
= Equal to 3 = 4 false
< Less than 4 < 3 false
> Greater than 4 > 3 true
<= Less than or equal to 4 <= 4 true
>= Greater than or equal to 4 >= 5 false
<> / != Not equal to 4 <> 3 / 4 != 3 true

Logical operators
And / && Both Must be TRUE True And False false
Or / || One Must be TRUE True Or False true
Not / ! Flips Truth Value Not true false
String operators
& / +
String Concatenation string4 = “Hello" & " world"
string4 = “Hello
world"

• Bitwise operators allow you to manipulate bits of data. All these operators are
designed to work only on integer numbers—therefore, the interpreter will attempt
to convert their operands to integers before executing them.
Bitwise Operators
AND Bitwise AND. The result of the operation will be a value whose bits are set if they are set
in both operands, and unset otherwise.
OR Bitwise OR. The result of the operation will be a value whose bits are set if they are set in
either operand (or both), and unset otherwise.
XOR Bitwise XOR (exclusive OR). The result of the operation will be a value whose bits are set
if they are set in either operand, and unset otherwise.
NOT Bitwise NOT. inverts each bit in a sequence of bits. A 0 becomes a 1, and a 1 becomes
a 0.
<< Bitwise left shift. This operation shifts the left-hand operand’s bits to the left by a number
of positions equal to the right operand, inserting unset bits in the shifted positions
>> Bitwise right shift. This operation shifts the left-hand operand’s bits to the right by a
number of positions equal to the right operand, inserting unset bits in the shifted
positions.

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