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ASD Services Resources
Autism Resources/Florida Department of Health
(www.floridahealth.gov.)
American Autism Association (www.myautism.org.)
Bloom Autism Services. ABA Therapy in South Florida
(www.inbloomautims.com.
National Autism Association
(https://nationalautimsassociation.org.)
Miami Dade County Autism Support Groups.
South Florida/Autism Speaks (www.autismspeaks.org.)
CAP4Kids Miami. Special Needs/Autism (https://cap4kids.org.)
The Autism Society of Miami Dade (www.ese.dadeschools.net.)
University of Miami Center for Autism and Related Disabilities
(CARD)
Family Life Broward and Miami Dade. Miami Dade Special
Needs Resources and Activities Guide (2019).
(https://southfloridafamilylife.com.)
Running head: HIGHER EDUCATION 2
HIGHER EDUCATION 2
The Morrill Land-Grant Acts, Title V, Gratz v. Bollinger, and
Grutter v. Bollinger
Student’s Name
Course Code
Institution Affiliation
Date
The Morrill Land-Grant Acts had the most significant
positive impact on students' access to higher education. This is
because this act made it possible for the new states in the west
to put up colleges for their students. The institutions that were
established gave a chance to a lot of farmers and other working-
class people who could not previously access higher education.
Since the land was the most readily available resource, it was
given for these states to establish colleges. According to Christy
(2017), even though some individuals misused the earnings
from those lands, the Morrill land-grant Act gave the foundation
of a national system of state colleges and universities. Finances
from the lands even helped existing institutions, helped build
new institutions, and other states were able to charter new
schools.
Grutter v. Bollinger & Gratz v. Bollinger had the most influence
in shaping how higher education institutions recruit and retain
students from diverse backgrounds. This is because this ruling
recognizes the benefits of diversity in education and validates
any reasonable means which can be used to achieve that
diversity. The verdict is even supported by a lot of studies
which show that student body diversity promotes learning
outcomes, and 'better prepares students for an increasingly
diverse workforce and society…'" (The Civil Rights Project,
2010). Grutter vs. Bollinger laid a foundation for the diversity
we see today in universities and colleges. Garces (2012) asserts
that in our current world, which is diverse, access to higher
education is what determines our legitimacy and strength. This
all has been made possible by the Grutter v. Bollinger & Gratz
v. Bollinger. The ruling helped break down stereotypes and for
students to understand others from different races.
References
Christy, R. D. (2017). A century of service: Land-grant colleges
and universities, 1890-1990. Routledge.
Garces, L. M. (2012). Necessary but not sufficient: The impact
of Grutter v. Bollinger on student of color enrollment in
graduate and professional schools in Texas. The Journal of
Higher Education, 83(4), 497-534.
The Civil Rights Project (2010). Grutter v. Bollinger & Gratz v.
Bollinger: Statement Analyzing the Implications of Supreme
Court's Decisions for Higher Education. Retrieved
from https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/legal-
developments/court-decisions/researchers-at-the-civil-rights-
project-issue-statement-analyzing-the-implications-of-supreme-
courts-decisions-for-higher-education
HEA 560 Module Three Short Paper Guidelines and Rubric
Read the latest edition of Inside Higher Education’s report of
their survey of college and university admissions directors.
Review a few archives of Inside Higher
Education’s admissions section of their website. Additionally,
review the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and
Admissions Officers (AACRAO) website.
Locate two primary sources of interest you will use for your
final admission policy report (e.g., a policy report, statistical
trends, discussion papers, research
reports, etc.).
Identify and assess the types of policies that are most likely to
help students overcome barriers to higher education. Consider
how the interventions and
perspectives listed in those reports intersect with the policies
designed to increase college students’ preparation for higher
education. Review Chapter 4 of Public
Policy and Higher Education for examples of those policies
(e.g., AP program, CEEB, etc.).
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
a. Describe the intended outcomes of the policy on student
attainment, retention, and completion. Consider the current state
of the institution; what are
some reasons for implementing this policy? What are the
potential impacts to the institution if the policy is not
implemented? How might the policy alter
the current state of the institution?
b. Analyze the impact of institutional operations for increasing
enrollment, retention, and completion through implementation
of this policy.
c. Describe how this policy may have an impact on the future
demographics of the institution. What are the key considerations
of the stakeholders,
culture, enrollment, retention, and completion regarding future
demographics of the institution?
Guidelines for Submission: Your paper must be submitted as a

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Rubric for Key Assessment Research Plan Course.docx
Rubric for Key Assessment   Research Plan Course.docxRubric for Key Assessment   Research Plan Course.docx
Rubric for Key Assessment Research Plan Course.docx

Rubric for Key Assessment Research Plan: Course: (Statistics and Data Analysis) Standard / Competency addressed Criteria 4 Distinguished 3 Proficient 2 Developing Skills 1 Unsatisfactory Common Core State Standards ELA College/Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Writing #7 Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects based on focused questions, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. Identifies an appropriate research topic Identifies an appropriate research topic Identifies a research topic that is too simplistic or beyond the scope of the course Does not identify a research topic Common Core State Standards High School Statistics & Probability The conditions under which data are collected are important in drawing conclusions from the data; in critically reviewing uses of statistics in public media and other reports, it is important to consider the study design, how the data were gathered Provides a complete description of the context of the research study Provides an adequate description of the context of the research study Incomplete description of the context of the research study. Does not describe the context of the research study. MA DESE Curriculum Frameworks Learning Standard 12.D.1 Design surveys and apply random sampling techniques to avoid bias in the data collection. Sampling design is complete and potential sources of bias are addressed Sampling design is complete but includes some sources of bias are present Sampling design is incomplete and/or includes many sources of bias No description of sampling design MA DESE Curriculum Frameworks Learning Standard 12.D.2 Select an appropriate graphical representation for a set of data and use appropriate statistics (e.g., quartile or percentile distribution) to communicate information about the data. Statistical techniques that are identified are complete and appropriate Some statistical techniques are appropriate, but they are all identified and complete Some statistical techniques are appropriate, but others are missing or inappropriate Statistical techniques that are identified are inappropriate Common Core State Standards ELA College/Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Writing #7 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience Paper is organized and well-written Paper is organized and well-written Paper is organized and well-written, but incomplete Paper is not well-organized, poorly written and incomplete Common Core State Standards Statistics & Probability Overview S-IC.2 Decide if a specified model is consistent with results from a given data-generating process, Provides a comprehensive research plan that will make optimal use of the statistical techniques developed in the course, Provides a research plan that falls short of making optimal use of the statistical techniques developed in the course Provides a research plan ...

CFES.Lower Shore Graduates.Recommendations
CFES.Lower Shore Graduates.RecommendationsCFES.Lower Shore Graduates.Recommendations
CFES.Lower Shore Graduates.Recommendations

This document provides recommendations for increasing graduation rates on Maryland's Lower Eastern Shore. It begins with an executive summary of the recommendations, which are to: improve funding for education and community programs; increase access to supportive services; establish safe, reliable, and funded transportation systems; keep education connected to the real world; and create opportunities to engage parents and families. The full report then provides more context and details on each recommendation. It discusses the need to take a regional approach and outlines the process used to gather input from local stakeholders to develop the recommendations.

two- to three-page (plus a cover sheet and reference page)
Microsoft Word document with
double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch
margins, and at least two sources cited in APA format
(following the APA Manual 6th Edition). Ensure
that the cover sheet and reference page are also in in APA
format.
Critical Elements Proficient (100%) Needs Improvement (75%)
Not Evident (0%) Value
Intended
Outcomes
Describes the intended
outcomes of the policy on
student attainment, retention,
and completion
Describes the intended
outcomes of the policy on
student attainment, retention,
and completion but lacks
specificity
Does not describe the intended
outcomes of the policy on
student attainment, retention,
and completion
25
Institutional
Operations
Analyzes the impact of
institutional operations for
increasing enrollment, retention,
and completion
Analyzes the impact of
institutional operations for
increasing enrollment, retention,
and completion but details lack
relevance
Does not analyze the impact of
institutional operations for
increasing enrollment, retention,
and completion
25
https://www.insidehighered.com/news/focus/admissions
https://www.aacrao.org/
Impact on the
Future
Demographics
Describes how the policy may
impact the future demographics
of the institution
Describes how the policy may
impact the future demographics
of the institution but lacks logical
reasoning
Does not describe how the
policy may impact the future
demographics of the institution
25
Articulation of
Response
Submission has no major errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
Submission has major errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
that negatively impact
readability and articulation of
main ideas
Submission has critical errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
that prevent understanding of
ideas
25
Earned Total 100%
Autism spectrum
DisorDers
Foundations, CharaCteristiCs, and eFFeCtive strategies
Second Edition
E. Amanda Boutot
Texas State University
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco
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Executive Editor: Ann Castel Davis
Editorial Assistant: Anne McAlpine
Executive Field Marketing Manager: Krista Clark
Senior Product Marketing Manager: Christopher Barry
Project Manager: Kerry Rubadue
Program Manager: Joe Sweeney
Operations Specialist: Carol Melville
Text Designer: Lumina Datamatics, Inc.
Cover Design Director: Diane Ernsberger
Cover Art: Roy Scott/Ikon Images/Corbis

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Copyright © 2017, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its
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Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Boutot, E. Amanda, editor of compilation, author. |
Myles,
Brenda Smith, editor of compilation, author.
Title: Autism spectrum disorders : foundations, characteristics,
and
effective strategies / edited by E. Amanda Boutot, Texas State
University.
Description: Second edition. | Pearson : Boston, 2017. | Includes
index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015039818| ISBN 9780133436877 (alk.
paper) |
ISBN 013343687X (alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Youth with autism spectrum disorders—
Education —United
States. | Youth with autism spectrum disorders—United States.
| Inclusive
education—United States.
Classification: LCC LC4718 .A87 2017 | DDC 371.9—dc23 LC
record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015039818
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A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 2 1/28/16 5:42 PM
www.pearsoned.com/permissions/
http://lccn.loc.gov/2015039818
iii
BriEf ContEnts
chapter 1 overview of Autism spectrum Disorders 1
chapter 2 Evidence-Based Practices for Educating students with
Autism spectrum Disorders 21
chapter 3 Working with families of Children with Autism 40
chapter 4 Environmental Arrangement to Prevent Contextually
inappropriate Behavior 59
chapter 5 teaching students with Autism Using the Principles
of Applied Behavior Analysis 79
chapter 6 teaching students with Autism to Communicate 96
chapter 7 social Challenges of Children and Youth with Autism
spectrum Disorders 123
chapter 8 Daily Living skills 141
chapter 9 Effective Practices for teaching Academic skills to
students with Autism spectrum Disorders 157
chapter 10 Play-focused interventions for Young Children
with Autism 169
chapter 11 Assistive technology for Learners with Autism
spectrum Disorders 181
chapter 12 Motor Consideration for individuals with Autism
spectrum Disorder 192
chapter 13 sexuality Education for students with AsD 205
chapter 14 transition to Postsecondary Environments for
students with Autism spectrum Disorders 217
A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 3 1/28/16 5:42 PM
iv
ContEnts
Preface viii
Chapter 1 overview of Autism spectrum Disorders 1
Chapter Objectives 1
Case Study Examples 1
Introduction 2
Autism Spectrum Disorders 3
Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorders 4
Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorders 6
Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorders 8
Development of the Individualized Education Program 16
Summary 20 • Chapter Review Questions 20 • Key Terms 20 •
Internet Resources 20
Chapter 2 Evidence-Based Practices for Educating students
with Autism spectrum Disorders 21
Chapter Objectives 21

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Introduction 21
Evidence-Based Practices: Definition and Rationale 23
Unestablished and Fad Treatments 30
Child and Family-Centered Decision Making 33
Selecting an Instructional Approach 35
Summary 38 • Chapter Review Questions 39 • Key Terms 39 •
Internet Resources 39
Chapter 3 Working with families of Children with
Autism 40
Chapter Objectives 40
Case Study Examples 40
Introduction 42
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Parental Priorities for Their Children with Autism 44
Impact of Autism on Parents 45
Siblings 53
Family Issues Across the Life Span 55
Summary 58 • Chapter Review Questions 58 • Key Terms 58 •
Internet Resources 58
A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 4 1/28/16 5:42 PM
Chapter 4 Environmental Arrangement to
Prevent Contextually inappropriate Behavior 59
Chapter Objectives 59
Case Study Examples 59
Introduction 61
Motivation 62
Functional Assessment and Behavior Support Planning 63
Antecedent-Based Intervention 68
Summary 78 • Chapter Review Questions 78 • Key Terms 78 •
Internet Resources 78
Chapter 5 teaching students with Autism Using the
Principles of Applied Behavior Analysis 79
Chapter Objectives 79
Case Study Examples 79
Introduction to Applied Behavior Analysis 80
Using ABA to Teach Students with Autism 82
Using ABA to Teach Skill Acquisition (New Learning) 82
Variations of Instructional Focus and Delivery 89
Using ABA to Address Challenging Behaviors 92
Summary 95 • Chapter Review Questions 95 • Key Terms 95
Chapter 6 teaching students with Autism to
Communicate 96
Chapter Objectives 96
Case Study Examples 96
Introduction 97
What Is Social Communication and Why Is It Important? 97
Communication Characteristics of Learners with Autism 103
Communication Assessment and Intervention 105
Summary 121 • Chapter Review Questions 121 • Key
Terms 122 • Internet Resources 122
Chapter 7 social Challenges of Children and Youth with
Autism spectrum Disorders 123
Chapter Objectives 123
Case Study Examples 123
Introduction 124
Common Social Skills Deficits 124
Social Skills Assessment 128
Social Skills Training 130
Summary 139 • Chapter Review Questions 139 • Key Terms 140
CONTENTS v
A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 5 1/28/16 5:42 PM
Chapter 8 Daily Living skills 141
Chapter Objectives 141
Case Study Examples 141
Introduction 142
Core Characteristics That Impact Daily Living Skill Deficits
143
Independence 145
Concerns When Skills Are Not Developed 145
Barriers to Learning and Dependence on Others 145
Challenging Behaviors 147
Daily Living Skills—Developmental Milestones 147
Instructional Strategies 149
Development of Goals and Objectives for Daily Living Skills
152
Measurement of Goals and Progress 152
Data Collection Procedures 153
Visual Analysis of Progress 154
Summary 155 • Chapter Review Questions 156 • Key
Terms 156 • Internet Resources 156
Chapter 9 Effective Practices for teaching
Academic skills to students with Autism
spectrum Disorders 157
Chapter Objectives 157
Looking Ahead: Academic Expectations That Impact Students
with ASD 158
Academic Outcomes 159
Connecting Research and Practice 160
Summary 167 • Chapter Review Questions 168 • Key
Terms 168 • Internet Resources 168
Chapter 10 Play-focused interventions for Young Children
with Autism 169
Chapter Objectives 169
Case Study Examples 169
Overview of Play Characteristics and Issues for Young Children
with Autism 170
Teaching Children with Autism to Play 174
Adapting Play Materials 175
Chapter Review Questions 180
Chapter 11 Assistive technology for Learners with
Autism spectrum Disorders 181
Chapter Objectives 181
Case Study Examples 181

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Introduction 182
Areas of Human Function 183
vi CONTENTS
A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 6 1/28/16 5:42 PM
Assistive Technology Service Delivery Systems 188
Collaboration 189
Summary 190 • Key Terms 190 • Chapter Review
Questions 190 • Internet Resources 190
Chapter 12 Motor Consideration for individuals
with Autism spectrum Disorder 192
Chapter Objectives 192
Case Study Examples 192
Introduction 193
The Importance of Movement 193
Movement Taxonomies 193
Why Is the Investigation of Motor Deficits an Important
Question? 194
What Is the Evidence for Motor Deficits in Children with ASD?
196
Can Motor Impairments Be Part of Early Detection? 200
What Is the Importance of Physical Therapy? 201
Standard Motor Skill Assessments 202
Summary 203 • Chapter Review Questions 204 • Key Terms
204
Chapter 13 sexuality Education for students with AsD 205
Chapter Objectives 205
Case Study 1: Understanding the Need for Sexuality Education
205
Sexuality Education 206
Teaching Sexuality Across the Life Span 207
Case Study 2: Teaching Sexuality Education Through
Collaboration 208
Collaboration of the IEP Team 208
Choosing a Curriculum to Teach Sexuality 209
Individualizing Curricula with Evidence-Based Strategies 209
Case Study 3: Individualizing Sexuality Education Training 211
Building Sexuality Education Intervention Plans 211
Summary 216 • Chapter Review Questions 216 • Key Terms 216
• Internet
Resources 216
Chapter 14 transition to Postsecondary Environments for
students with Autism spectrum Disorders 217
Chapter Objectives 217
Introduction 217
Overview and History of the Transition Process and Services
218
Issues and Considerations in Transition Programming for
Students with ASD 220
Autism Intervention Models and the Transition Process 222
Components of Effective Transition Programming 224
Summary 231 • Chapter Review Questions 231 • Key Terms 231
• Internet Resources 232
References 233
Index 261
CONTENTS vii
A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 7 1/28/16 5:42 PM
viii
This is an introductory text on Autism Spectrum Disorder
(ASD). When I began in this field
as a graduate student and teacher in 1990, the prevalence was
5–10 in 10,000; today it is
1 in 68, with a recent survey suggesting it is even higher. Over
the years, this field has seen
not only extreme growth in the number of diagnoses, but also in
the number of theories as
to cause and treatment. Autism has always been a field fraught
with myth and mystery, and
has seen its fair share of snake oil salesmen and bandwagons.
The truth is that it is still enig-
matic; we know more about cause (genetics; not vaccines) than
we have in the past, yet we are
still without a cure. Until such time as a cure is discovered,
education will remain the most
important and validated tool we have to help these individuals
and their families. I chose to
teach at a university so that I could share with others the truths,
as we know them today, so
that they could help improve the lives of children and youth
with ASD and their families on a
regular, daily basis.
This book is intended for introductory courses on ASD at both
the undergraduate
(pre-service teacher) and graduate (pre- or in-service teacher)
student. Given the increasing
prevalence of children and youth with ASD in public schools
and the extraordinary number
of opinions and options for educating these students, this book
will be valuable for current
and future practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of ASD
as well as a clear explanation
of intervention strategies. This book will be useful for special
and general education courses
covering the autism spectrum, as well as other courses dealing
with ASD such as psychol-
ogy, applied behavior analysis, school psychology, speech
pathology, occupational therapy, and
child development.
The goal in developing this text was to provide a
comprehensive, up-to-date, research-
based introduction to and overview of Autism Spectrum
Disorders (ASD) for future and
current educators and other practitioners. The primary aim was
to bring together, in one text-
book, all of the things university instructors need to present a
broad yet in-depth overview of
ASD, rather than having to pull pieces from multiple sources.
The book was developed to pro-
vide necessary background information so that students
studying the autism spectrum would
(a) understand the disorder, including its many manifestations
and associated characteristics;
(b) understand and appreciate the issues faced by the families of
children and youth on the
autism spectrum so that students could more empathetically
work with them; and (c) have
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Week 4 Discussion 1 "Employee Testing" Please respond to the following: · Evaluate the types of employee testing that companies may require that are discussed in the text. Determine the two tests that you consider the most important. Support your reasoning. · Go to Human Metric’s Websiteand take the Jung Typology Test™ (sample of the Myers Briggs personality test). Next, examine your test results. Determine whether you believe this type of personality test is beneficial to an organization. Support your position Week 4 Discussion 2 "Employee Selection" Please respond to the following: · Compare and contrast the structured interview, situational interview, and behavioral interview. Determine which type of interview would be more beneficial when interviewing applicants. Support your selection. · In the selection of the candidate, determine if the manager should make the final choice or if others should be included in the final decision. Support your position. Assignment 2: Job Analysis / Job Description Due Week 4 and worth 100 points Go to YouTube, located at http://www.youtube.com/, and search for an episode of “Under Cover Boss”. Imagine you are the CEO of the company in the selected episode. Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you: 1. Compare two (2) job positions from the episode and perform a job analysis of each position. 2. Describe your method of collecting the information for the job analysis (i.e., one-on-one, interview, survey, etc.). 3. Create a job description from the job analysis. 4. Justify your belief that the job analysis and job description are in compliance with state and federal regulations. 5. Use at least three (3) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: · Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. · Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: · Formulate HRM strategies and policies to recruit, select, place, and retain the most efficient and effective workforce. · Develop effective talent management strategies to recruit and select employees. · Design processes to manage employee performance, retention, and separation. · Use technology and information resources to research issues in strategic human resource development. · Write clearly and concisely about strategic human resource development using proper writing mechanics. 2 Article Review Paper #2 Summary: The article is based on the findings of a survey that was admi.

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This document discusses strategies for obtaining more federal grants through place-based, continuous proposal building. It emphasizes forming partnerships and collaboratives to identify funding opportunities, build complementary proposals over time, and leverage diverse resources. Key points include developing multi-year plans to pursue multiple, aligned grants; using regional community plans as a framework; and how continuous efforts can strengthen applications and track records with funders.

from which students with ASD
may benefit, and based on this knowledge, be able to make an
appropriate decision as to which
strategy may benefit a particular student and why. Most
importantly, the purpose of this text
was to provide sufficient information in major areas related to
educating students with ASD
so that current and future teachers would not have to fall back
on what is found in the media,
social media, or through their own sometimes limited
experiences. One of the most important
concepts a student in an introductory ASD course can
understand is that no two individuals
with ASD are alike, and there is no quick fix or “one size fits
all” for this population. I hope
this message is clear in this second edition of this text. The
original goal was to create a
resource so that future or current teachers could be informed
consumers in the field of ASD, so
that they could distinguish fad and snake oil from evidence-base
and fact. This second edition
continues with that tradition.
PrEfACE
A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 8 1/28/16 5:42 PM
text orgAnizAtion
Instructors will find that the major issues and questions faced
by teachers and future teach-
ers of students on the autism spectrum have been addressed
within this text. The expertise
of multiple individuals from a variety of disciplines (e.g.,
special education, speech-language
pathology, psychology, behavior analysis, and motor behavior)
has been brought together to
provide a comprehensive resource for professionals. As with the
first edition, the book has been
organized to follow the scope and sequence of an introductory
course on ASD, and instructors
of such courses will hopefully find the progression of
information as useful for their courses as
I do for my own. The goal was to provide both depth and
breadth, so that current and future
teachers of students with ASD have a solid foundation of
knowledge on ASD with which to
make important educational decisions for this population of
students.
upDAteD AnD expAnDeD coverAge
In preparing this edition, I, the editor, considered both the ever-
changing field of ASD as
well as the expected knowledge and skills of the teachers who
work with these students and
expanded the text to include both more in-depth foundational
information as well as broader
contexts. The goal was to develop a text that could serve not
only as an introductory text on
ASD, but also as a resource for the professional working with
students with ASD on a day-to-
day basis.
new to this eDition
• We have updated the first chapter on the overview of ASD
for the reader. Not only do
we include the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the
American Psychiatric
Association, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) diagnostic criteria, we also
discuss the current prev-
alence rate, and various characteristics of ASD that may impact
how these students learn.
• In Chapter 2 we have provide an expanded overview of
the research-supported strategies
for students with ASD.
• As professionals, one of our most important assets in our
work is the child’s family.
Chapter 3 covers the impact of ASD on the family across the
lifespan and discusses ways
to improve communication and collaboration with this important
constituency.
• When working with students with ASD, behavioral issues
are often one of the largest
hurdles teachers face. Chapter 4 presents a comprehensive
overview of environmental
modifications that can assist teachers in addressing these
behavioral challenges.
• In chapter 5, we provide an overview of Applied Behavior
Analysis, which is considered
an evident-based practice for working with individuals with
ASD.
• The updated and expanded chapter on Communication
Interventions (Chapter 6) pro-
vides more detail on the development of language for children
with and without ASD,
as well as more recent evidence-base on strategies for
communication instruction.
• As with the previous edition, the Social Skills chapter (7)
provides an in depth review
of the socialization needs of individuals with ASD as well as
current research supported
strategies for social skills instruction.
• Because of the importance of daily living skills
instruction for many students on the
autism spectrum, Chapter 8 was also expanded to include
current evidence-based strate-
gies and program development considerations for teachers.
• As the spectrum of autism includes not only students who
have daily living skills needs,
but also those who require academic skills instruction, Chapter
9 provides an overview
of the current literature on strategies relevant to teaching
reading, math, and writing
skills to students with ASD.
• An expanded Assistive Technology chapter (11) provides
up-to-date evidence-based
information for teachers, who regularly make important
assistive technology decisions
for their students.
PREFACE ix
A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 9 1/28/16 5:42 PM
• Finally, Chapter 14 provides an expansion on Transition
services for youth with ASD.
The chapter includes strategies and resources for instructing
secondary students with
ASD and suggestions for preparing for post-secondary life.

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Ask Michael E. Mark about his company’s procedures for making a big capital investment, and he is likely to refer you to the Flextronics International Corporate Policy Manual. It has 80 pages – all of them blank. Although Marks is Flextronics’ chairman and CEO, he says he sometimes lets subordinates such as Humphrey W. Porter, the head of Flextronics’ European operations, do multi-million dollar acquisitions without showing him the paperwork.  He disdains staff meetings at his San Jose (Calf.) headquarters, and he refuses to draw up an organization chart delineating his managers’ responsibilities.      One might think Marks’ style is too casual for a growing conglomerate. This is a giant that owns dozens of factories scattered over four continents and has big contracts with some of the most demanding corporate customers on earth, from Cisco Systems Inc. to Siemens. In recent years it has acquired manufacturing plants, design firms, and component makers in the United States, Europe and Asia. It also has landed huge manufacturing contracts with Motorola Inc. and Microsoft Corp.     As Marks sees it, the business of global contract manufacturing is all about speed. The time it takes to get a prototype into mass production and onto retail shelves across the globe can determine whether a leading-edge digital gadget succeeds or flops. And with the Internet and corporate makeovers rapidly reconfiguring entire industries, Marks thinks it’s a bigger sin to miss important opportunities than to make a mistake or two. So he doesn’t want to tie down his top managers with bureaucracy. One of Marks’ favorite dictums: “It’s not the big who eat the small. It’s the fast who eat the slow.”      So far Marks has managed to craft the right balance. A Harvard MBA who had run several small electronics makers, Marks helped engineer a takeover of Singapore domiciled Flextronics in 1993, when it was nearly bankrupt. After turning the company around, he began to rebuild. Flextronics became a favored supplier to companies like Cisco, 3Com, and Palm. Flextronics is poised to become the world’s second-largest contract manufacturer, after Milpitas (Calif.) based Solectron Corp. Beside the industrial parks in Hungary, it also has huge manufacturing campuses in Mexico, China and Brazil.      The basketball hoop hanging in Marks’ modest, somewhat disheveled office seems to sum up his self-image. Marks is a passionate player – even though he stands all of 5 ft. 2 in. Likewise, in the business world Marks seems determined to prove a point. One way or another, he’s convinced he can retain the agile management style of a start-up, while making Flextronics a global enterprise that can play in the big leagues.     1. Based on your reading of the case, describe Marks’ leadership process, style, behavior and the text term that best defines it. Do you think he is successful because of or in spite of his leadership approach?      2. What leadership theories covered in the chapter.

• As previously stated, the field of autism is ever changing,
and this second edition was
designed to keep up with these changes. Three new chapters
were added to improve
upon the comprehensiveness of the text and to provide more
breadth for teachers of
students with ASD:
Chapter 10, Play Focused Interventions for Young Children
with Autism
Chapter 12, Motor Considerations for Individuals with Autism
Spectrum Disorder
Chapter 13: Sexuality Education for Students with Autism
Spectrum Disorder.
FeAtures oF the text
Each chapter begins with learning objectives, which serve as an
advanced organizer to guide
the reader through the more salient concepts that are presented.
At the end of each chapter are
study questions, derived directly from the learning objectives,
to promote self-reflection of the
reader. Throughout each chapter we provide real-life scenarios,
anecdotes, and case studies to
support the concepts presented. In addition, we provide
synopses of current or classic research
(Research Boxes), which further support these concepts.
Information related to diversity is
infused in selected chapters throughout the text in Diversity
Boxes. Trends and Issues Boxes
provide current information on important topics in the field.
Each chapter has a list of key
terms to guide study and a list of Internet resources is also
available in most chapters for those
wishing to take their studies beyond the text.
AcknowleDgments
I would like to thank the individuals who helped in the revision
of this text. I am, as always,
grateful for the support of the Pearson editing team, Ann Davis,
Lindsay Bethoney, Sridhar
Annadurai, and Kerry Rubadue for their unwavering support and
never-ending patience as my
co-contributors as I endeavored to complete this second edition.
I wish to also thank those con-
tributors who assisted with these edits, to make old chapters
new again: Gena Barnhill, Scott
Bellini, Christina Carnahan, Tricia Cassel, Charles Dukes,
Jennifer Durocher, Ketty Patino
Gonzales, Melissa Olive, Jonathan Tarbox, Jennifer Loncola
Walberg, and Elizabeth West.
I’d also like to extend a warm welcome to the authors who
contributed to expanded or new
chapters, bringing their wisdom, experience, and expertise to
the project to make it special and
unique: Christie Aylsworth, Justin Aylsworth, Amarie Carnett,
Clare Chung, Stephen Ciullo,
Shana Gilbert, Mark Guadagnoli, Jennifer Hamrick, Amy
Harbison, Kara Hume, Allyson Lee,
Anna Merrill, Lyndsey Nunes, Amber Paige, Tracy Raulston,
Tal Slemrod, Jason Travers, Amy
Tostonoski, Lauren Tuner-Brown, Michael Wehmeyer, Peggy
Whitby, and Dianne Zager.
I wish also to thank Dr. Brenda Smith Myles. Without her
vision and her faith in me as
an educator, an advocate, and a writer the first edition would
not have been possible. Dr. Myles
gave me confidence and encouragement early in my career and
for that I am grateful.
Many thanks also go to the reviewers of the first edition: Kevin
J. Callahan, University
of North Texas; Thomas McLaughlin, Gonzaga University;
Shanon Taylor, University of
Nevada-Reno; Jane R. Wegner, University of Kansas; and
Thomas Williams, Virginia Tech.
Finally, I’d like to thank my family: my children Georgia and
Isaac; my mom, Essie; and
my partner, Sam. Their encouragement and support were
instrumental in completion of this
project.
EAB
Austin, Texas
x PREFACE
A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 10 1/28/16 5:42 PM
1
Overview of Autism
Spectrum Disorders
C h a p t e r 1
Ketty Gonzalez, ph.D.
tricia Cassel, ph.D.
Psychologists in Private Practice
Jennifer S. Durocher, ph.D.
University of Miami Center for
Autism and Related Disabilities
allyson Lee, M.ed., BCBa
Clinic for Autism, Research,
Evaluation, and Support at
Texas State University
CaSe of roBert
Robert was only 7 years old and his parents had no idea how
they would
be able to manage getting him through the next 11 years of
school. While
Robert had always been a bit temperamental and knew what he
wanted,
his parents never had any significant difficulties parenting him
until he
began preschool at age 3.
From the time he entered preschool, Robert was ostracized by
his
peers because of his lack of social graces and high activity
level. In fact,
Robert was labeled as hyperactive from the moment he set foot
in school. He
would not sit down during Circle Time, refused to share his
toys, and would
frequently hide under a table. Robert’s mother took him to his
pediatrician,
who felt that Robert was a little overactive but that he would
“grow out of
it.” Unfortunately, things continued to go badly in school.
Robert always
seemed upset about something and occasionally bit or

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Asian American Research Hello class, I hope this finds you all well!  For this week and the last we have been looking at an overview of Asian American Theatre, some of its origins, traditions, the rise of xenophobia against specific yet different Asian cultural groups, and Asian immigration over the last 150 years, as well as a brief look at where this culturally specific kind of Theatre and cinema stands today nationally and more locally with respect to the kinds of stories that are being told that are from an Asian P.O.V. as well as the actors that are cast to play these roles in the last 80 years of cinema, television and theater.   Consider your own overall outlook, knowledge and familiarity (including from our class) with Asian history in the U.S. and the potential struggles that Asian Americans have endured in the last century(s) with the  mass migrations in the middle of the 1800’s, the struggle of the Gold and Railroad industries,  the rise of wars and conflicts that set Asian Americans and immigrants against the prevailing attitudes in the U.S. about race in the last 150 years.   Looking at the Asian American experience in the U.S. is important as we consider the building blocks of our nation, with railroads, industry, wars, working and labor rights,  internment camps during WWII, the deep culture of education and rich traditionalism  that is so socially important to the overall history of this group of study, and the important contributions that we as a society have enjoyed from key figures in Asian American history.  We can all speak with a certain level of experience and knowledge, either directly or indirectly, to what we think would be important elements and issues to discuss within the Asian American culture. Your assignment for this week is to research our topic of Asian American Arts and find an article or video link that deals with this topic in some way and then respond to it with a response paper.  This can be topics of: 1. The Issue of "Yellow Casting" and it's affects on modern Cinema  2. Insufficient roles for Asians in Cinema, T.V. and Theatre  3.  Pay gap for Asian actors compared to white actors,  4. How many of the common stereotypes that we discussed are still seen and expressed in film and TV. today.  5. Highlighting an Individual Artist and their impact on pop culture and elevating Asian culture in some way:                     - Director(s)                     - Actor(s)                       - Playwright(s)/Screenwriter(s)                        - Any article or video you feel are relevant to our topic and this assignment that                             you can write a reaction to in line with this assignment Please upload your link with your 2-3 page reaction paper. (double space / MLA format) .

physically fought
with his peers. Time-outs had no effect, and he was kicked out
of two pre-
schools. Robert was labeled a bad seed. Robert’s parents did not
understand
why Robert would behave this way at school, while at home he
could spend
hours with his trains. They started to believe that the teachers
were right
and that they were doing something wrong.
Unfortunately, kindergarten was not any better, and his teacher
sug-
gested that Robert may have Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder
(ADHD). A school psychologist confirmed this suspicion. Then,
in addition to
his aggressive behavior, Robert began to lag behind his
classmates in penman-
ship and coloring. He was also terrible at sports and always the
last child picked
for a team. Robert started getting stomachaches every morning
before school.
By the time Robert entered first grade he hated school and
wondered
why he did not have any friends. His parents started to consider
home-
schooling him. At home, his parents were sometimes puzzled by
Robert.
His facial expressions did not always match his mood and
sometimes he
would have explosive meltdowns, making his parents feel as if
he were a time
bomb ready to explode at any moment. His parents also began
noticing that
Robert did not understand jokes and had difficulty following
movie plots.
They began to worry that perhaps he was not very intelligent. In
addition
to diagnosing Robert with ADHD, doctors suggested that he
may have
early-onset bipolar disorder, which could explain Robert’s
explosive behavior.
Something called Oppositional Defiant Disorder was also
mentioned. In the
summer between first and second grade, Robert attended a
summer camp,
CaSe StuDy Examples
Chapter ObjectiveS
After reading this chapter,
learners should be able to:
1. Describe the characteristics of
Autism Spectrum Disorders.
2. Explain how Autism Spectrum
Disorders are identified and
diagnosed.
3. Identify the changes in the
definition of Autism Spectrum
Disorders.
4. Discuss causal theories
associated with autism.
5. Describe instructional
planning for students with
autism.
M01_BOUT6877_02_SE_C01.indd 1 1/2/16 9:30 AM
2 chApter 1 • Overview Of AutiSm Spectrum DiSOrDerS
and one of the counselors suggested to his parents that an
assessment test for Asperger Syndrome
(AS), a form of autism, should be given to Robert. His parents
took him to a university-based
clinic, where they were immediately told that while Robert
certainly exhibited many symp-
toms consistent with ADHD, a significant number of his
problems were not explained by
ADHD. After a thorough assessment, Robert was diagnosed
with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Recommendations included treating the co-occurring ADHD
symptoms through a combination
of medication and behavioral techniques, specific behavioral
recommendations, school accommo-
dations, plus therapies for specific deficits. Robert’s parents
were worried, but relieved, with the
diagnosis. At this time, Robert is getting ready to start middle
school. Although things are not
perfect and he continues to struggle, he has made much progress
socially and has one good friend
who is described as somewhat odd himself. However, the match
between the two of them has
done wonders for Robert’s self-esteem and he enjoys going to
school again.
CaSe of JaCoB
Jacob’s parents first became concerned about his development
when he was around 18 months
old, when they realized he was not talking, or even babbling,
like other children his age. As Jacob
got a little older, he showed limited interest in playing with his
toys and tended to line them up
or examine them while waving them in front of his face. He
occasionally babbled, but this bab-
bling did not seem to be an attempt to communicate. In fact,
Jacob rarely communicated with
his family unless he wanted something. Even when something
was important to him, he rarely
made eye contact with his mother or smiled at her. Jacob
frequently flapped his arms, spun
around in circles, or tensed his body when he was upset or
excited. Jacob’s parents had him eval-
uated when he was almost 3 years old. Results of the evaluation
indicated that Jacob had severe
deficits in the primary areas associated with Autism Spectrum
Disorder. Jacob is now 5 and con-
tinues to flap his arms and rock back and forth. He does not
have friends, nor does he have any
interest in other children. Although he can be loving with his
family, it is always on his terms.
Jacob is able to say several words, but mainly uses pictures to
communicate with his family.
He is obsessed with Thomas the Tank Engine and carries a train
with him wherever he goes.
IntroduCtIon
One in 68 individuals in the United States is diagnosed with an
Autism Spectrum Disorder
(ASD), according to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC, 2014). This rep-
resents a substantial increase in overall prevalence over the last
two decades. In 1990, for
example, that figure was 5 to 10 in 10,000. In fact, autism is the
fastest growing childhood

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ASIAN CASE RESEARCH JOURNAL, VOL. 23, ISSUE 1, 153–191 (2019) �������E\�:RUOG�6FLHQWLÀF�3XEOLVKLQJ�&R�� '2,����������6���������������� ACRJ This case was prepared by Dr. Ivy S. N. Chen of Hong Kong Polytechnic Univer- sity, Professor Sherriff T. K. Luk of Emlyon Business School, France, and Dr. Jinghui Tao of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, as a basis for classroom discussion rather than to illustrate either effec- tive or ineffective handling of an administrative or business situation. Please send all correspon- dence to Dr. Ivy S. N. Chen, Department of Management and Marketing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong. E-mail: [email protected] Kerry Logistics — Paving the New Silk Road &KLQD·V� WKLUG�SDUW\� ORJLVWLFV� ��3/�� PDUNHW� ZDV� RQH� RI� WKH� ZRUOG·V� ODUJHVW�� ZLWK� �3/� UHYHQXHV� UHDFKLQJ� 86������� ELOOLRQ� LQ� ����1�� 2QH� RI� WKH� PDMRU� FKDOOHQJHV� WKH� &KLQHVH� JRYHUQ� PHQW� IDFHG� ZDV� KRZ� WR� LPSURYH� HIÀFLHQF\� DQG� DFKLHYH� VXV� WDLQDEOH�HFRQRPLF�JURZWK�RYHU�WKH�QH[W�GHFDGH��&KLQD�QHHGHG� PRUH�HIÀFLHQW�ORJLVWLFV�V\VWHPV�WR�PRYH�SURGXFWLRQ�UHVRXUFHV� TXLFNO\� DQG� DW� D� UHDVRQDEOH� FRVW�� &KLQD·V� ORJLVWLFV� VSHQGLQJ� ZDV�URXJKO\�HTXLYDOHQW�WR�������RI�*'3��KLJKHU�WKDQ�WKDW�RI� RWKHU�GHYHORSLQJ�FRXQWULHV� OLNH�,QGLD�������DQG�6RXWK�$IULFD� ��������DQG�WKDW�RI�GHYHORSHG�FRXQWULHV1. .HUU\� /RJLVWLFV� ZDQWHG� D� VOLFH� RI� &KLQD·V� IDVW� JURZLQJ� H[SUHVV� PDUNHW�� %XW� DV� (GZDUGR� (UQL�� .HUU\� /RJLVWLFV·� H[HF� XWLYH� GLUHFWRU� DQG� PDQDJLQJ� GLUHFWRU� RI� &KLQD� DQG� 1RUWK� $VLD� QRWHG�� ´7KH� VLWXDWLRQ� LQ� WKH� FRXULHU� PDUNHW� LV� FKDRWLF�� XQUHJXODWHG�DQG�LQ�D�FXW�WKURDW�SULFH�ZDU�µ�6FDOH�ZDV�QHHGHG� WR� GRPLQDWH� DQG� H[SUHVV� FRPSDQLHV� UHFHQWO\� UDFHG� WR� JHW� DV� PXFK� FDSLWDO� DV� SRVVLEOH�� 2Q� DQRWKHU� IURQW�� &KLQD·V� ´2QH� %HOW� 2QH� 5RDGµ� KDV� RSHQHG� XS� VRPH� RSSRUWXQLWLHV� WKDW� WKH� FRPSDQ\� KDG� QRW� SUHYLRXVO\� FRQVLGHUHG�� .HUU\� /RJLVWLFV� ZDV�ZRQGHULQJ�ZKDW�FDSDELOLWLHV�ZHUH�FULWLFDO�WR�WKH�GHOLYHU\� RI�FXVWRPHU�YDOXH�SURSRVLWLRQ�DQG�DFKLHYLQJ�GLIIHUHQWLDWLRQ"� +RZ� VKRXOG� WKH� FRPSDQ\� H[SDQG� DQG� VXSSRUW� LWV� FOLHQWV·� RSHUDWLRQV�LQ�&KLQD" S0218927519500068.indd 153 01-07-19 4:30:43 PM A si an C as e R es . J . 2 01 9. 23 :1 53 -1 91 . D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w .w or ld sc ie nt if ic .c om by M O N A SH U N IV E R SI T Y o n 03 /1 7/ 20 . R e- us e an d di st ri bu tio n is s tr ic tly n ot p er m itt ed , e xc ep t f or O pe n A cc es s ar tic le s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218927519500068 ���� $&5- OVERVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND DRIVERS OF CHINA’S LOGISTICS INDUSTRY 6WDWLVWLFV� VKRZHG� WKDW� WKH� YDOXH� RI� ORJLVWLFV� LQ� &KLQD� JUHZ� IURP� 50%���� WULOOLRQ� LQ� ����� WR� 50%���� WULOOLRQ� LQ� WKH� ÀUVW� ��� PRQWKV� RI� ����� �7DEOH� ���� VSXUUHG� E\� UDSLG� JURZWK� LQ� WKH� HFRQRP\� DQG� XUEDQL]DWLRQ�� 7KH� YDOXH� RI� JRRGV� SHU� XQLW� OR.

Asian Americans had been excluded from entering the U.S. for more th.docx
Asian Americans had been excluded from entering the U.S. for more th.docxAsian Americans had been excluded from entering the U.S. for more th.docx
Asian Americans had been excluded from entering the U.S. for more th.docx

Asian Americans had been excluded from entering the U.S. for more than half a century through the litany of anti-Asian immigration legislation passed in the years (1882, 1917, 1924, 1934) leading up to WWII.  How did the 1965 Immigration Act (Hart-Cellar Act) change this situation? Why have so many well-educated Asians immigrated into the U.S. after the passage of this act? To what extent will Asian immigrants continue to enter the U.S. in the 21 st  century? Drawing upon evidence presented in the course reading (Fong's chapter), make a case that Asian immigrants will continue to come in a steady pace to the U.S., or slow down significantly, or halt altogether. .

Asia; Opera and Society and a DilemmaPlease respond to t.docx
Asia; Opera and Society and a DilemmaPlease respond to t.docxAsia; Opera and Society and a DilemmaPlease respond to t.docx
Asia; Opera and Society and a DilemmaPlease respond to t.docx

Asia; Opera and Society and a Dilemma Please respond to the following, using sources under the Explore heading as the basis of your response. Describe two (2) examples of how either black slaves or white abolitionists used literature or the visual arts as a form of protest against slavery. Compare this to a modern example of art used for social protest. .

disorder and is more common than childhood cancer, cystic
fibrosis, and multiple sclerosis
combined (Autism Society of America, 2008). Teachers in
public schools today will almost
certainly encounter a student with ASD, and for those entering
the field of special education,
the chances are probably greater that you will win the lottery
than not have a student with
ASD during the course of your career. Autism is a relatively
recent disorder, having only been
recognized in the early 1940s. Therefore, what we know and
understand about ASD is still
in its infancy; there is still much unknown and misunderstood
about this exceptionality. The
purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with a basic
overview to help guide under-
standing of the complexities of ASD as well as changes to the
diagnosis. This …

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ASD Services ResourcesAutism ResourcesFlorida Department of H.docx

  • 1. ASD Services Resources Autism Resources/Florida Department of Health (www.floridahealth.gov.) American Autism Association (www.myautism.org.) Bloom Autism Services. ABA Therapy in South Florida (www.inbloomautims.com. National Autism Association (https://nationalautimsassociation.org.) Miami Dade County Autism Support Groups. South Florida/Autism Speaks (www.autismspeaks.org.) CAP4Kids Miami. Special Needs/Autism (https://cap4kids.org.) The Autism Society of Miami Dade (www.ese.dadeschools.net.) University of Miami Center for Autism and Related Disabilities (CARD) Family Life Broward and Miami Dade. Miami Dade Special Needs Resources and Activities Guide (2019). (https://southfloridafamilylife.com.) Running head: HIGHER EDUCATION 2 HIGHER EDUCATION 2
  • 2. The Morrill Land-Grant Acts, Title V, Gratz v. Bollinger, and Grutter v. Bollinger Student’s Name Course Code Institution Affiliation Date The Morrill Land-Grant Acts had the most significant positive impact on students' access to higher education. This is because this act made it possible for the new states in the west to put up colleges for their students. The institutions that were established gave a chance to a lot of farmers and other working- class people who could not previously access higher education. Since the land was the most readily available resource, it was given for these states to establish colleges. According to Christy (2017), even though some individuals misused the earnings from those lands, the Morrill land-grant Act gave the foundation of a national system of state colleges and universities. Finances from the lands even helped existing institutions, helped build new institutions, and other states were able to charter new schools. Grutter v. Bollinger & Gratz v. Bollinger had the most influence in shaping how higher education institutions recruit and retain students from diverse backgrounds. This is because this ruling recognizes the benefits of diversity in education and validates any reasonable means which can be used to achieve that diversity. The verdict is even supported by a lot of studies which show that student body diversity promotes learning outcomes, and 'better prepares students for an increasingly
  • 3. diverse workforce and society…'" (The Civil Rights Project, 2010). Grutter vs. Bollinger laid a foundation for the diversity we see today in universities and colleges. Garces (2012) asserts that in our current world, which is diverse, access to higher education is what determines our legitimacy and strength. This all has been made possible by the Grutter v. Bollinger & Gratz v. Bollinger. The ruling helped break down stereotypes and for students to understand others from different races. References Christy, R. D. (2017). A century of service: Land-grant colleges and universities, 1890-1990. Routledge. Garces, L. M. (2012). Necessary but not sufficient: The impact of Grutter v. Bollinger on student of color enrollment in graduate and professional schools in Texas. The Journal of Higher Education, 83(4), 497-534. The Civil Rights Project (2010). Grutter v. Bollinger & Gratz v. Bollinger: Statement Analyzing the Implications of Supreme Court's Decisions for Higher Education. Retrieved from https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/legal- developments/court-decisions/researchers-at-the-civil-rights- project-issue-statement-analyzing-the-implications-of-supreme- courts-decisions-for-higher-education HEA 560 Module Three Short Paper Guidelines and Rubric Read the latest edition of Inside Higher Education’s report of their survey of college and university admissions directors. Review a few archives of Inside Higher Education’s admissions section of their website. Additionally, review the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers (AACRAO) website.
  • 4. Locate two primary sources of interest you will use for your final admission policy report (e.g., a policy report, statistical trends, discussion papers, research reports, etc.). Identify and assess the types of policies that are most likely to help students overcome barriers to higher education. Consider how the interventions and perspectives listed in those reports intersect with the policies designed to increase college students’ preparation for higher education. Review Chapter 4 of Public Policy and Higher Education for examples of those policies (e.g., AP program, CEEB, etc.). Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed: a. Describe the intended outcomes of the policy on student attainment, retention, and completion. Consider the current state of the institution; what are some reasons for implementing this policy? What are the potential impacts to the institution if the policy is not implemented? How might the policy alter the current state of the institution? b. Analyze the impact of institutional operations for increasing enrollment, retention, and completion through implementation of this policy. c. Describe how this policy may have an impact on the future demographics of the institution. What are the key considerations of the stakeholders, culture, enrollment, retention, and completion regarding future demographics of the institution? Guidelines for Submission: Your paper must be submitted as a
  • 5. two- to three-page (plus a cover sheet and reference page) Microsoft Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, one-inch margins, and at least two sources cited in APA format (following the APA Manual 6th Edition). Ensure that the cover sheet and reference page are also in in APA format. Critical Elements Proficient (100%) Needs Improvement (75%) Not Evident (0%) Value Intended Outcomes Describes the intended outcomes of the policy on student attainment, retention, and completion Describes the intended outcomes of the policy on student attainment, retention, and completion but lacks specificity Does not describe the intended outcomes of the policy on student attainment, retention, and completion 25 Institutional Operations
  • 6. Analyzes the impact of institutional operations for increasing enrollment, retention, and completion Analyzes the impact of institutional operations for increasing enrollment, retention, and completion but details lack relevance Does not analyze the impact of institutional operations for increasing enrollment, retention, and completion 25 https://www.insidehighered.com/news/focus/admissions https://www.aacrao.org/ Impact on the Future Demographics Describes how the policy may impact the future demographics of the institution Describes how the policy may impact the future demographics of the institution but lacks logical
  • 7. reasoning Does not describe how the policy may impact the future demographics of the institution 25 Articulation of Response Submission has no major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization Submission has major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that negatively impact readability and articulation of main ideas Submission has critical errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that prevent understanding of ideas 25 Earned Total 100%
  • 8. Autism spectrum DisorDers Foundations, CharaCteristiCs, and eFFeCtive strategies Second Edition E. Amanda Boutot Texas State University Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 1 1/28/16 5:42 PM Vice President and Editorial Director: Jeffery W. Johnston Executive Editor: Ann Castel Davis Editorial Assistant: Anne McAlpine Executive Field Marketing Manager: Krista Clark Senior Product Marketing Manager: Christopher Barry Project Manager: Kerry Rubadue Program Manager: Joe Sweeney Operations Specialist: Carol Melville Text Designer: Lumina Datamatics, Inc. Cover Design Director: Diane Ernsberger Cover Art: Roy Scott/Ikon Images/Corbis
  • 9. Media Producer: Autumn Benson Full-Service Project Management: Lumina Datamatics, Inc. Composition: Lumina Datamatics, Inc. Printer/Binder: RR Donnelley / Harrisonburg South Cover Printer: Phoenix Color/Hagerstown Text Font: 10/12 Garamond 3 LT Pro Package ISBN 10: 0-13-383369-0 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-383369-0 E-text ISBN 10: 0-13-352264-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-352264-8 Access Code Card ISBN 10: 0-13-377988-2 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-377988-2 Loose Leaf Version ISBN 10: 0-13-343687-X ISBN 13: 978-0-13-343687-7 Copyright © 2017, 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & Permissions department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/. Acknowledgements of third party content appear on pages within text, which constitute an extension of this copyright page. Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks that may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners and any references to third-party trademarks, logos or
  • 10. other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to imply any sponsorship, endorsement, authorization, or promotion of Pearson’s products by the owners of such marks, or any relationship between the owner and Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates, authors, licensees or distributors. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Boutot, E. Amanda, editor of compilation, author. | Myles, Brenda Smith, editor of compilation, author. Title: Autism spectrum disorders : foundations, characteristics, and effective strategies / edited by E. Amanda Boutot, Texas State University. Description: Second edition. | Pearson : Boston, 2017. | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2015039818| ISBN 9780133436877 (alk. paper) | ISBN 013343687X (alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Youth with autism spectrum disorders— Education —United States. | Youth with autism spectrum disorders—United States. | Inclusive education—United States. Classification: LCC LC4718 .A87 2017 | DDC 371.9—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015039818 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 2 1/28/16 5:42 PM www.pearsoned.com/permissions/ http://lccn.loc.gov/2015039818
  • 11. iii BriEf ContEnts chapter 1 overview of Autism spectrum Disorders 1 chapter 2 Evidence-Based Practices for Educating students with Autism spectrum Disorders 21 chapter 3 Working with families of Children with Autism 40 chapter 4 Environmental Arrangement to Prevent Contextually inappropriate Behavior 59 chapter 5 teaching students with Autism Using the Principles of Applied Behavior Analysis 79 chapter 6 teaching students with Autism to Communicate 96 chapter 7 social Challenges of Children and Youth with Autism spectrum Disorders 123 chapter 8 Daily Living skills 141 chapter 9 Effective Practices for teaching Academic skills to students with Autism spectrum Disorders 157 chapter 10 Play-focused interventions for Young Children with Autism 169 chapter 11 Assistive technology for Learners with Autism spectrum Disorders 181 chapter 12 Motor Consideration for individuals with Autism
  • 12. spectrum Disorder 192 chapter 13 sexuality Education for students with AsD 205 chapter 14 transition to Postsecondary Environments for students with Autism spectrum Disorders 217 A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 3 1/28/16 5:42 PM iv ContEnts Preface viii Chapter 1 overview of Autism spectrum Disorders 1 Chapter Objectives 1 Case Study Examples 1 Introduction 2 Autism Spectrum Disorders 3 Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorders 4 Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorders 6 Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorders 8 Development of the Individualized Education Program 16 Summary 20 • Chapter Review Questions 20 • Key Terms 20 • Internet Resources 20 Chapter 2 Evidence-Based Practices for Educating students with Autism spectrum Disorders 21 Chapter Objectives 21
  • 13. Introduction 21 Evidence-Based Practices: Definition and Rationale 23 Unestablished and Fad Treatments 30 Child and Family-Centered Decision Making 33 Selecting an Instructional Approach 35 Summary 38 • Chapter Review Questions 39 • Key Terms 39 • Internet Resources 39 Chapter 3 Working with families of Children with Autism 40 Chapter Objectives 40 Case Study Examples 40 Introduction 42 Getting the Diagnosis 42 Parental Priorities for Their Children with Autism 44 Impact of Autism on Parents 45 Siblings 53 Family Issues Across the Life Span 55 Summary 58 • Chapter Review Questions 58 • Key Terms 58 • Internet Resources 58 A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 4 1/28/16 5:42 PM Chapter 4 Environmental Arrangement to Prevent Contextually inappropriate Behavior 59 Chapter Objectives 59 Case Study Examples 59 Introduction 61
  • 14. Motivation 62 Functional Assessment and Behavior Support Planning 63 Antecedent-Based Intervention 68 Summary 78 • Chapter Review Questions 78 • Key Terms 78 • Internet Resources 78 Chapter 5 teaching students with Autism Using the Principles of Applied Behavior Analysis 79 Chapter Objectives 79 Case Study Examples 79 Introduction to Applied Behavior Analysis 80 Using ABA to Teach Students with Autism 82 Using ABA to Teach Skill Acquisition (New Learning) 82 Variations of Instructional Focus and Delivery 89 Using ABA to Address Challenging Behaviors 92 Summary 95 • Chapter Review Questions 95 • Key Terms 95 Chapter 6 teaching students with Autism to Communicate 96 Chapter Objectives 96 Case Study Examples 96 Introduction 97 What Is Social Communication and Why Is It Important? 97 Communication Characteristics of Learners with Autism 103 Communication Assessment and Intervention 105 Summary 121 • Chapter Review Questions 121 • Key Terms 122 • Internet Resources 122 Chapter 7 social Challenges of Children and Youth with
  • 15. Autism spectrum Disorders 123 Chapter Objectives 123 Case Study Examples 123 Introduction 124 Common Social Skills Deficits 124 Social Skills Assessment 128 Social Skills Training 130 Summary 139 • Chapter Review Questions 139 • Key Terms 140 CONTENTS v A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 5 1/28/16 5:42 PM Chapter 8 Daily Living skills 141 Chapter Objectives 141 Case Study Examples 141 Introduction 142 Core Characteristics That Impact Daily Living Skill Deficits 143 Independence 145 Concerns When Skills Are Not Developed 145 Barriers to Learning and Dependence on Others 145 Challenging Behaviors 147 Daily Living Skills—Developmental Milestones 147 Instructional Strategies 149 Development of Goals and Objectives for Daily Living Skills 152 Measurement of Goals and Progress 152 Data Collection Procedures 153 Visual Analysis of Progress 154
  • 16. Summary 155 • Chapter Review Questions 156 • Key Terms 156 • Internet Resources 156 Chapter 9 Effective Practices for teaching Academic skills to students with Autism spectrum Disorders 157 Chapter Objectives 157 Looking Ahead: Academic Expectations That Impact Students with ASD 158 Academic Outcomes 159 Connecting Research and Practice 160 Summary 167 • Chapter Review Questions 168 • Key Terms 168 • Internet Resources 168 Chapter 10 Play-focused interventions for Young Children with Autism 169 Chapter Objectives 169 Case Study Examples 169 Overview of Play Characteristics and Issues for Young Children with Autism 170 Teaching Children with Autism to Play 174 Adapting Play Materials 175 Chapter Review Questions 180 Chapter 11 Assistive technology for Learners with Autism spectrum Disorders 181 Chapter Objectives 181 Case Study Examples 181
  • 17. Introduction 182 Areas of Human Function 183 vi CONTENTS A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 6 1/28/16 5:42 PM Assistive Technology Service Delivery Systems 188 Collaboration 189 Summary 190 • Key Terms 190 • Chapter Review Questions 190 • Internet Resources 190 Chapter 12 Motor Consideration for individuals with Autism spectrum Disorder 192 Chapter Objectives 192 Case Study Examples 192 Introduction 193 The Importance of Movement 193 Movement Taxonomies 193 Why Is the Investigation of Motor Deficits an Important Question? 194 What Is the Evidence for Motor Deficits in Children with ASD? 196 Can Motor Impairments Be Part of Early Detection? 200 What Is the Importance of Physical Therapy? 201 Standard Motor Skill Assessments 202 Summary 203 • Chapter Review Questions 204 • Key Terms 204
  • 18. Chapter 13 sexuality Education for students with AsD 205 Chapter Objectives 205 Case Study 1: Understanding the Need for Sexuality Education 205 Sexuality Education 206 Teaching Sexuality Across the Life Span 207 Case Study 2: Teaching Sexuality Education Through Collaboration 208 Collaboration of the IEP Team 208 Choosing a Curriculum to Teach Sexuality 209 Individualizing Curricula with Evidence-Based Strategies 209 Case Study 3: Individualizing Sexuality Education Training 211 Building Sexuality Education Intervention Plans 211 Summary 216 • Chapter Review Questions 216 • Key Terms 216 • Internet Resources 216 Chapter 14 transition to Postsecondary Environments for students with Autism spectrum Disorders 217 Chapter Objectives 217 Introduction 217 Overview and History of the Transition Process and Services 218 Issues and Considerations in Transition Programming for Students with ASD 220 Autism Intervention Models and the Transition Process 222 Components of Effective Transition Programming 224 Summary 231 • Chapter Review Questions 231 • Key Terms 231 • Internet Resources 232 References 233
  • 19. Index 261 CONTENTS vii A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 7 1/28/16 5:42 PM viii This is an introductory text on Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). When I began in this field as a graduate student and teacher in 1990, the prevalence was 5–10 in 10,000; today it is 1 in 68, with a recent survey suggesting it is even higher. Over the years, this field has seen not only extreme growth in the number of diagnoses, but also in the number of theories as to cause and treatment. Autism has always been a field fraught with myth and mystery, and has seen its fair share of snake oil salesmen and bandwagons. The truth is that it is still enig- matic; we know more about cause (genetics; not vaccines) than we have in the past, yet we are still without a cure. Until such time as a cure is discovered, education will remain the most important and validated tool we have to help these individuals and their families. I chose to teach at a university so that I could share with others the truths, as we know them today, so that they could help improve the lives of children and youth with ASD and their families on a regular, daily basis. This book is intended for introductory courses on ASD at both
  • 20. the undergraduate (pre-service teacher) and graduate (pre- or in-service teacher) student. Given the increasing prevalence of children and youth with ASD in public schools and the extraordinary number of opinions and options for educating these students, this book will be valuable for current and future practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of ASD as well as a clear explanation of intervention strategies. This book will be useful for special and general education courses covering the autism spectrum, as well as other courses dealing with ASD such as psychol- ogy, applied behavior analysis, school psychology, speech pathology, occupational therapy, and child development. The goal in developing this text was to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date, research- based introduction to and overview of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) for future and current educators and other practitioners. The primary aim was to bring together, in one text- book, all of the things university instructors need to present a broad yet in-depth overview of ASD, rather than having to pull pieces from multiple sources. The book was developed to pro- vide necessary background information so that students studying the autism spectrum would (a) understand the disorder, including its many manifestations and associated characteristics; (b) understand and appreciate the issues faced by the families of children and youth on the autism spectrum so that students could more empathetically work with them; and (c) have sufficient information on the myriad instructional strategies
  • 21. from which students with ASD may benefit, and based on this knowledge, be able to make an appropriate decision as to which strategy may benefit a particular student and why. Most importantly, the purpose of this text was to provide sufficient information in major areas related to educating students with ASD so that current and future teachers would not have to fall back on what is found in the media, social media, or through their own sometimes limited experiences. One of the most important concepts a student in an introductory ASD course can understand is that no two individuals with ASD are alike, and there is no quick fix or “one size fits all” for this population. I hope this message is clear in this second edition of this text. The original goal was to create a resource so that future or current teachers could be informed consumers in the field of ASD, so that they could distinguish fad and snake oil from evidence-base and fact. This second edition continues with that tradition. PrEfACE A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 8 1/28/16 5:42 PM text orgAnizAtion Instructors will find that the major issues and questions faced by teachers and future teach- ers of students on the autism spectrum have been addressed within this text. The expertise of multiple individuals from a variety of disciplines (e.g.,
  • 22. special education, speech-language pathology, psychology, behavior analysis, and motor behavior) has been brought together to provide a comprehensive resource for professionals. As with the first edition, the book has been organized to follow the scope and sequence of an introductory course on ASD, and instructors of such courses will hopefully find the progression of information as useful for their courses as I do for my own. The goal was to provide both depth and breadth, so that current and future teachers of students with ASD have a solid foundation of knowledge on ASD with which to make important educational decisions for this population of students. upDAteD AnD expAnDeD coverAge In preparing this edition, I, the editor, considered both the ever- changing field of ASD as well as the expected knowledge and skills of the teachers who work with these students and expanded the text to include both more in-depth foundational information as well as broader contexts. The goal was to develop a text that could serve not only as an introductory text on ASD, but also as a resource for the professional working with students with ASD on a day-to- day basis. new to this eDition • We have updated the first chapter on the overview of ASD for the reader. Not only do we include the current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric
  • 23. Association, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) diagnostic criteria, we also discuss the current prev- alence rate, and various characteristics of ASD that may impact how these students learn. • In Chapter 2 we have provide an expanded overview of the research-supported strategies for students with ASD. • As professionals, one of our most important assets in our work is the child’s family. Chapter 3 covers the impact of ASD on the family across the lifespan and discusses ways to improve communication and collaboration with this important constituency. • When working with students with ASD, behavioral issues are often one of the largest hurdles teachers face. Chapter 4 presents a comprehensive overview of environmental modifications that can assist teachers in addressing these behavioral challenges. • In chapter 5, we provide an overview of Applied Behavior Analysis, which is considered an evident-based practice for working with individuals with ASD. • The updated and expanded chapter on Communication Interventions (Chapter 6) pro- vides more detail on the development of language for children with and without ASD, as well as more recent evidence-base on strategies for communication instruction. • As with the previous edition, the Social Skills chapter (7)
  • 24. provides an in depth review of the socialization needs of individuals with ASD as well as current research supported strategies for social skills instruction. • Because of the importance of daily living skills instruction for many students on the autism spectrum, Chapter 8 was also expanded to include current evidence-based strate- gies and program development considerations for teachers. • As the spectrum of autism includes not only students who have daily living skills needs, but also those who require academic skills instruction, Chapter 9 provides an overview of the current literature on strategies relevant to teaching reading, math, and writing skills to students with ASD. • An expanded Assistive Technology chapter (11) provides up-to-date evidence-based information for teachers, who regularly make important assistive technology decisions for their students. PREFACE ix A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 9 1/28/16 5:42 PM • Finally, Chapter 14 provides an expansion on Transition services for youth with ASD. The chapter includes strategies and resources for instructing secondary students with ASD and suggestions for preparing for post-secondary life.
  • 25. • As previously stated, the field of autism is ever changing, and this second edition was designed to keep up with these changes. Three new chapters were added to improve upon the comprehensiveness of the text and to provide more breadth for teachers of students with ASD: Chapter 10, Play Focused Interventions for Young Children with Autism Chapter 12, Motor Considerations for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder Chapter 13: Sexuality Education for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder. FeAtures oF the text Each chapter begins with learning objectives, which serve as an advanced organizer to guide the reader through the more salient concepts that are presented. At the end of each chapter are study questions, derived directly from the learning objectives, to promote self-reflection of the reader. Throughout each chapter we provide real-life scenarios, anecdotes, and case studies to support the concepts presented. In addition, we provide synopses of current or classic research (Research Boxes), which further support these concepts. Information related to diversity is infused in selected chapters throughout the text in Diversity Boxes. Trends and Issues Boxes provide current information on important topics in the field. Each chapter has a list of key terms to guide study and a list of Internet resources is also available in most chapters for those
  • 26. wishing to take their studies beyond the text. AcknowleDgments I would like to thank the individuals who helped in the revision of this text. I am, as always, grateful for the support of the Pearson editing team, Ann Davis, Lindsay Bethoney, Sridhar Annadurai, and Kerry Rubadue for their unwavering support and never-ending patience as my co-contributors as I endeavored to complete this second edition. I wish to also thank those con- tributors who assisted with these edits, to make old chapters new again: Gena Barnhill, Scott Bellini, Christina Carnahan, Tricia Cassel, Charles Dukes, Jennifer Durocher, Ketty Patino Gonzales, Melissa Olive, Jonathan Tarbox, Jennifer Loncola Walberg, and Elizabeth West. I’d also like to extend a warm welcome to the authors who contributed to expanded or new chapters, bringing their wisdom, experience, and expertise to the project to make it special and unique: Christie Aylsworth, Justin Aylsworth, Amarie Carnett, Clare Chung, Stephen Ciullo, Shana Gilbert, Mark Guadagnoli, Jennifer Hamrick, Amy Harbison, Kara Hume, Allyson Lee, Anna Merrill, Lyndsey Nunes, Amber Paige, Tracy Raulston, Tal Slemrod, Jason Travers, Amy Tostonoski, Lauren Tuner-Brown, Michael Wehmeyer, Peggy Whitby, and Dianne Zager. I wish also to thank Dr. Brenda Smith Myles. Without her vision and her faith in me as an educator, an advocate, and a writer the first edition would not have been possible. Dr. Myles gave me confidence and encouragement early in my career and
  • 27. for that I am grateful. Many thanks also go to the reviewers of the first edition: Kevin J. Callahan, University of North Texas; Thomas McLaughlin, Gonzaga University; Shanon Taylor, University of Nevada-Reno; Jane R. Wegner, University of Kansas; and Thomas Williams, Virginia Tech. Finally, I’d like to thank my family: my children Georgia and Isaac; my mom, Essie; and my partner, Sam. Their encouragement and support were instrumental in completion of this project. EAB Austin, Texas x PREFACE A01_BOUT6877_02_SE_FM.indd 10 1/28/16 5:42 PM 1 Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorders C h a p t e r 1 Ketty Gonzalez, ph.D. tricia Cassel, ph.D. Psychologists in Private Practice
  • 28. Jennifer S. Durocher, ph.D. University of Miami Center for Autism and Related Disabilities allyson Lee, M.ed., BCBa Clinic for Autism, Research, Evaluation, and Support at Texas State University CaSe of roBert Robert was only 7 years old and his parents had no idea how they would be able to manage getting him through the next 11 years of school. While Robert had always been a bit temperamental and knew what he wanted, his parents never had any significant difficulties parenting him until he began preschool at age 3. From the time he entered preschool, Robert was ostracized by his peers because of his lack of social graces and high activity level. In fact, Robert was labeled as hyperactive from the moment he set foot in school. He would not sit down during Circle Time, refused to share his toys, and would frequently hide under a table. Robert’s mother took him to his pediatrician, who felt that Robert was a little overactive but that he would “grow out of it.” Unfortunately, things continued to go badly in school. Robert always seemed upset about something and occasionally bit or
  • 29. physically fought with his peers. Time-outs had no effect, and he was kicked out of two pre- schools. Robert was labeled a bad seed. Robert’s parents did not understand why Robert would behave this way at school, while at home he could spend hours with his trains. They started to believe that the teachers were right and that they were doing something wrong. Unfortunately, kindergarten was not any better, and his teacher sug- gested that Robert may have Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A school psychologist confirmed this suspicion. Then, in addition to his aggressive behavior, Robert began to lag behind his classmates in penman- ship and coloring. He was also terrible at sports and always the last child picked for a team. Robert started getting stomachaches every morning before school. By the time Robert entered first grade he hated school and wondered why he did not have any friends. His parents started to consider home- schooling him. At home, his parents were sometimes puzzled by Robert. His facial expressions did not always match his mood and sometimes he would have explosive meltdowns, making his parents feel as if he were a time bomb ready to explode at any moment. His parents also began noticing that
  • 30. Robert did not understand jokes and had difficulty following movie plots. They began to worry that perhaps he was not very intelligent. In addition to diagnosing Robert with ADHD, doctors suggested that he may have early-onset bipolar disorder, which could explain Robert’s explosive behavior. Something called Oppositional Defiant Disorder was also mentioned. In the summer between first and second grade, Robert attended a summer camp, CaSe StuDy Examples Chapter ObjectiveS After reading this chapter, learners should be able to: 1. Describe the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorders. 2. Explain how Autism Spectrum Disorders are identified and diagnosed. 3. Identify the changes in the definition of Autism Spectrum Disorders. 4. Discuss causal theories associated with autism. 5. Describe instructional planning for students with autism.
  • 31. M01_BOUT6877_02_SE_C01.indd 1 1/2/16 9:30 AM 2 chApter 1 • Overview Of AutiSm Spectrum DiSOrDerS and one of the counselors suggested to his parents that an assessment test for Asperger Syndrome (AS), a form of autism, should be given to Robert. His parents took him to a university-based clinic, where they were immediately told that while Robert certainly exhibited many symp- toms consistent with ADHD, a significant number of his problems were not explained by ADHD. After a thorough assessment, Robert was diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Recommendations included treating the co-occurring ADHD symptoms through a combination of medication and behavioral techniques, specific behavioral recommendations, school accommo- dations, plus therapies for specific deficits. Robert’s parents were worried, but relieved, with the diagnosis. At this time, Robert is getting ready to start middle school. Although things are not perfect and he continues to struggle, he has made much progress socially and has one good friend who is described as somewhat odd himself. However, the match between the two of them has done wonders for Robert’s self-esteem and he enjoys going to school again. CaSe of JaCoB Jacob’s parents first became concerned about his development when he was around 18 months old, when they realized he was not talking, or even babbling,
  • 32. like other children his age. As Jacob got a little older, he showed limited interest in playing with his toys and tended to line them up or examine them while waving them in front of his face. He occasionally babbled, but this bab- bling did not seem to be an attempt to communicate. In fact, Jacob rarely communicated with his family unless he wanted something. Even when something was important to him, he rarely made eye contact with his mother or smiled at her. Jacob frequently flapped his arms, spun around in circles, or tensed his body when he was upset or excited. Jacob’s parents had him eval- uated when he was almost 3 years old. Results of the evaluation indicated that Jacob had severe deficits in the primary areas associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Jacob is now 5 and con- tinues to flap his arms and rock back and forth. He does not have friends, nor does he have any interest in other children. Although he can be loving with his family, it is always on his terms. Jacob is able to say several words, but mainly uses pictures to communicate with his family. He is obsessed with Thomas the Tank Engine and carries a train with him wherever he goes. IntroduCtIon One in 68 individuals in the United States is diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2014). This rep- resents a substantial increase in overall prevalence over the last two decades. In 1990, for example, that figure was 5 to 10 in 10,000. In fact, autism is the fastest growing childhood
  • 33. disorder and is more common than childhood cancer, cystic fibrosis, and multiple sclerosis combined (Autism Society of America, 2008). Teachers in public schools today will almost certainly encounter a student with ASD, and for those entering the field of special education, the chances are probably greater that you will win the lottery than not have a student with ASD during the course of your career. Autism is a relatively recent disorder, having only been recognized in the early 1940s. Therefore, what we know and understand about ASD is still in its infancy; there is still much unknown and misunderstood about this exceptionality. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the reader with a basic overview to help guide under- standing of the complexities of ASD as well as changes to the diagnosis. This …