Application of new technologies and IT in airports-IOT and AI.

Internet of Aviation
Presented by: Eng. Assem Abdel hamied Mousa

Ubiquitous/Pervasive Computing
Calm technology: embedded, invisible, seamlessly,
unobtrusive, intelligent.
6/30
Image source:
Friedemann Mattern
(ETH Zürich)

Tactile internet: 5G,IOT and the Cloud
• Using the Internet to control autonomous
robots performing human surgery.

Drones
• The use of drones is a very rapidly developing
part of the aviation scene, and we're very
keen to work with owners /operators to
promote their safe use, ...
• Should I be worried about a drone hitting a
passenger plane? | The Independen
• Delta plane has close call with drone before
landing at JFK Airport |

Robot
• The first security robot joined staff at Shenzhen airport on Wednesday.
• "AnBot", or "Shenzhen Xiaoan" in Chinese, can work around-the-clock and react to
emergencies with an electric riot fork. The intelligent guard is 1.5 meters tall and
weighs about 75 kg.
• With four digital cameras, the security robot is capable of autonomous patrols,
intelligent monitoring and auto recharging.
• It can answer passengers' questions about flight information and communicate
with people in different contexts, said an official with the Shenzhen Public Security
Bureau.
• In case of emergencies, AnBot can deter suspects with sound and light, and use
tools like the electric riot fork to prevent crime.
• The use of intelligent security robots will ease pressure on airport police in their
daily patrols and save human resources, said the official.
• More security robots will be deployed in different areas of the airport.
• AnBot was developed by Shenzhen Public Security Bureau, the National University
of Defense Technology and a domestic technology company.
• Besides a booming industrial robot sector in China, robots have been increasingly
used in the service sectors such as senior care and domestic cleaning.

3D PRINTERS
• The History of 3D Printing
• Three-dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is the process of using additives to form solid 3D objects of virtually any shape
from a digital model. This is achieved using specially formulated additives, such as plastics, that are formed into successive layers of material typically
laid down on a platform in different shapes. 3D printing is uniquely distinct from a more traditional 3D sculpting technique, which relies on the
removal of layers (subtractive manufacturing) to produce a three-dimensional object.
• While 3D printers have recently been thrust into the spotlight with several startups, such as MakerBot, producing printers capable of turning digital
models into real-world objects, these have not been the first such tools to find their way to market.
• The first published account of a printed solid model was made by Hideo Kodama of Nagoya Municipal Industrial Research Institute in 1982. The first
working 3D printer was created in 1984 by Charles W. Hull of 3D Systems Corp. Hull published a number of patents on the concept of 3D printing,
many of which are used in today’s additive manufacturing processes. Of course, 3D printing in the early days was very expensive and not feasible for
the general market. As we moved into the 21st century, however, costs drastically dropped, allowing 3D printers to find their way to a more
affordable market.
• The cost of 3D printers has even decreased in the years from 2010 to 2013, with machines generally ranging in price from $20,000 just three years
ago, to less than $1,000 in the current market. Some printers are even being developed for under $500, making the technology increasingly available
to the average consumer.
• APPLICATIONS
• Since becoming mainstream, 3D printing has worked its way into a number of markets. The technology is now used in prototyping and distributed
manufacturing with applications in architecture, construction, industrial design, automotive design, aerospace, military, engineering, etc. It has also
become popular in areas such as dental and medical technology, fashion, footwear, jewelry, eyewear, and more. Interestingly, even food may one
day be printed, which may help feed the ballooning population.
• As the technology advances, more and more practical uses are expected to come about as a result of additive manufacturing. With the addition of 3D
digitizers, 3D sensors and 3D scanners, the possibilities are almost endless.
• Recently, NASA has been testing rocket parts built by 3D printing and may even use the technology to build habitats in space and on other worlds.
• And along with the many useful everyday things that 3D printers can give us, medical researchers are now using 3D-printed technologies to save
human lives.
• Get the History of 3D Printing e-book at Amazon.com
• Image Credit: Thinkstock.com

Example Projects: Oxygen
• Oxygen (MIT)
– Pervasive human-centered
computing.
– Goal of Oxygen is bringing
abundant computation and
communication, as
pervasive and free as air,
naturally into people's
lives.

• Related Fields
• Sensor networks
• Human-computer interaction
• Artificial intelligence
• Nanotechnology and Wireless Technology
• If computers are to be everywhere, unobtrusive, and truly helpful, they must be as small as possible and
capable of communicating
• between them. Technological movements supporting these goals are already well underway under the
rubrics nanotechnology and
• wireless computing.
• Context-Awareness and Natural Interaction
• Small computers that communicate wirelessly provide a necessary infrastructure for ubiquitous
computing. However, infrastructure is
• only half of the battle. As noted above, the ubiquitous computing movement aims to make computers
more helpful and easier to use.
• Indeed, computers should be able to accurately anticipate the user’s needs and accommodate his or her
natural communication modes
• and styles. These themes are captured with- in the ubiquitous computing movement’s focus on context-
aware computing and natural
• interaction.
•
• Concerns
• Privacy Issues
• Growing Pains

Expand your Infrastructure!
Buy new servers, increase your
software costs, provision more
data center capacity!!

Look to the cloud!
Pay for the bandwidth
and server resources
that you need. When
your push is done then
turn the whole thing off!

Unused resources
Economics of Cloud Users
• Pay by use instead of provisioning for peak
Static data center Data center in the cloud
Demand
Capacity
Time
Resources
Demand
Capacity
TimeResources

Master Node
Private Cloud
(Heterogeneous Resources)
Slave Nodes
Slave Nodes
(Cluster)
User
User
Middleware
Public Cloud
(IaaS)
Hybrid Cloud

-Pay-as-you- USE
-Subscription fee is based on the number of
users per month
-Minimal Cost for annual subscription
IT/application resources
-Faster implementation and Productivity
optimization
-More control over relationship with vendor
-Better risk sharing with vendor
-Exit options are simple and easy
On premise vs. SaaS
-Capital Expenses- You pay upfront
Annual maintenance costs
-Cost for applications, maintenance, infrastructure,
Database server and IT/application resources
-Time taken to install is much higher & configure
applications
-Not much control over vendor after purchase
-You are responsible for the management of the
software installed
-Customers may be on many different releases
of the software
-Upgrading to the newer version of the software
could cost you
Licensed Software Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Solutions

Top Reasons Why you should consider SaaS?
OPEX not CAPEX:
• “Pay as you go” operational
expense rather
than a capital expenditure
• A subscription-based on
usage metrics (instead of a
perpetual license)
Lower cost-of-business
solution ownership
Predictability of costs over
time
The management, support, and
upgrading of the software and
the infrastructure that supports
it is the responsibility of the
solution provider
Economic Reasons
More rapid access to state-of-
the-art technology
Highly responsive and scalable
(upwards and downwards)
solutions that cover entire
business processes
• Greater ability to scale as
business needs change
User access to the application
is over the Internet
• Ubiquitous and relatively
inexpensive
Flexible and customizable
solutions
Functional Reasons
Reliable access to data,
anywhere, anytime
Increased risk mitigation with
better support for compliance
More rapid time-to-production
Improved security,
performance, and availability
Avoidance of vendor lock-in
Shift in focus to core business
management, rather than
disproportionate attention on
the computer environment;
redeploy headcount to
strategic IT initiatives
Expected Results

Analyzing TCO Cost Drivers.
Cost Drivers Traditional On-Premises Software Cloud Application
Capital Expenses Upfront purchase of software and hardware
May require network infrastructure
enhancements, facilities
Need to support third party monitoring, test
tools,
security products
None
Pay-as-you-go subscription pricing
All inclusive: maintenance, support,
training, and upgrades all hardware,
networking, storage, database,
administration
Design and Deployment May take months to deploy
Professional services can cost up to 3X the
initial
software purchase
Difficult for vendor to build best practices
Requires staff or contract labor to research,
design, integrate, test, tune, launch, and train
Deploy in weeks
Lower cost using consistent set of best
practices
Ongoing Infrastructure Ongoing software maintenance, upgrades
Ongoing hardware replacement once every
three
years
Requires a network monitoring and
management
tools
May require additional networking equipment
and bandwidth to accommodate incremental
traffic
The vendor provides as part of the
subscription

# Item On Premise SAAS
Number Value Number Value
1 Infrastructure 29,000.00 -
1.1 Servers with OS 2 6,000.00 0 -
1.2 Software licenses
( Database)
1 4,000.00 0 -
1.3 Internal server
security
1 2,000.00 0 -

1.4 Backup 1 2,000.00 0 -
1.5 DR site 1 5,000.00 0 -
1.6 Other overheads 1 10,000.00
2 Software 100,000.00
2.1 License fee 1 80,000.00 0 -

2.2 ESS licenses (cal) 50 20,000.00 0 -
3 Setup 1 150,000.00 100,000.00
3.1 Installation and
setup
100 150,000.00 60 90,000.00

Total one time cost 279,000.00 100,000.00
4 Recurring cost 225,000.00 300,000.00
4.1 Annual maintenance
-5 yrs @ 20%
5 80,000.00 0 -

4.2 Monthly
subscription -5 yrs
@10 $
0 - 500 300,000.00
4.3 Server maintenance 5 25,000.00 0
4.5 Resource overheads 5 120,000.00
Total cost for 5
years
504,000.00 400,000.00
Total saving $ 104,000.00

10 stellar real-life examples
of IoT taking flight in
Aviation
The Internet of Things (IoT) has really taken off in aviation. We
look at which airlines are emerging as early innovators

1- EasyJet
• EasyJet may be a budget airline specializing in affordable travel, but the
firm has really done something quite innovative in the Internet of Things
(IoT) space through wearable technology.
• Claiming to be the first airline to use wearable tech, it has equipped cabin
crew and ground staff with wearable tech uniforms.
• The new suit is fitted with LEDs on the shoulders and hems to provide
visual guidance to the passengers and built-in microphones for direct
communication with passengers, pilots and amongst the crew members. The
uniform also has an LED based scrolling ticker, on the lapel jacket, that
displays basic information such as the number of the flight, the flight
destinations and lighting guidance in case of emergencies.
• EasyJet is also using drones to inspect to its fleet of airplanes.

2- Helsinki Airport
• Helsinki Airport in Finland is using Wi-Fi and iBeacons to track passengers
and offer location- based services.
• Airport operator Finavia teamed up with local company Walkbase to install
dozens of sensors throughout the terminal, and these are able to track all
smartphones from the car park to the terminal. By doing this, the airport can
prevent queues and bottlenecks where they appear, and also allow retailers
to send push notifications to travellers based on their exact location.

3- Virgin Atlantic
• Every single component of Virgin Atlantic’s Boeing 787 is attached to a
wireless airplane network, providing real-time IoT data on everything from
performance to required maintenance.
• The aircraft can produce more than a third of a terabyte of data per flight and
each one makes hundreds if not thousands of flights a year. Virgin has to
collate and analyze this data, but is already seeing benefits.
• For example, a jet engine that is performing poorly mid-flight is relaying that
information to ground staff throughout its journey. When the plane lands,
airport engineers can then be ready to look into the issue.
• “The Internet of Things, in a broad sense, is where we are starting to see
everything from planes to cargo devices getting connected,” said Virgin
Atlantic’s then IT director David Bulman in 2013. “The latest planes we are
getting, the Boeing 787s, are incredibly connected. Literally every piece of
that plane has an internet connection, from the engines, to the flaps, to the
landing gear.
• “If there is a problem with one of the engines we will know before it lands to
make sure that we have the parts there. It is getting to the point where each
different part of the plane is telling us what it is doing as the flight is going
on.”

4- London City Airport
• London City Airport claimed to be the world’s first airport to test IoT after
receiving approximately £800,000 in UK government funding to launch a
pilot project in 2013. That pilot project, which has since become a full-
scale deployment, was to develop an interconnected sensor network and
data hub to track and understand passenger flow and behavior in the
airport.
• The project enables them to measure passenger journeys (via a
sensor/camera network tracked individuals through the airport), track assets
(GPS, 3G and Wi-Fi devices) and deliver location-based services to
customers. Wi-Fi enabled tracking devices also enables, as London City
Airport claims, a faster turnaround of planes.

5- Miami Airport
• Miami Airport has a network of some 500 beacons providing detailed
information and personalized services to customers at its terminals and
various concessionaries.
• Miami International Airport’s new localized app, ‘MIAAirport Official
2.0’, communicates with these beacons, giving gate information, as well as
shopping and dinner details.
• Users are able to scan boarding passes and receive turn-by-turn, blue-dot
navigation guides to their gates which will include estimated walk times,
real-time flight updates, even suggestions for nearby shopping and dining,
based on a customizable personal profile.

6- Lufthansa Airlines
• A little less than six months ago Lufthansa went live with the launch of
its RIMOWA Electronic tag, a mobility solution designed to track
luggage from the terminal to the flight.
• The RIMOWA Electronic Tag is an electronic luggage tag which
displays baggage info in the same format, size and appearance of typical
paper labels, but on a digital screen built into the luggage unit and
located near the handle.
• Travellers with a Rimowa electronic tag-enabled bag can send their
digital boarding info via Bluetooth from their smartphone to check their
bag before they leave home, with details appearing on the bag’s
electronic display. After arriving at the airport, they simply hand it in at
the airline’s automated check-in station.

7- Delta
• In October 2015, Delta Air Lines partnered with Bit Stew Systems to
deploy an IoT analytics systems on part of its fleet, with the goal of
improving airplane maintenance.
• Aiming to improve aircraft performance, Bit Stew’s Mix Core platform is
designed to unify “billions of traditionally soloed data points across aviation
and air traffic management to increase awareness, discover new business
insights, improve operations and asset performance”.
• By ingesting and analyzing vast amounts of aviation data, Bit Stew says it
can help airlines by reducing downtime and lowering fuel costs.
• Delta is also using tracking technology from Sendum Wireless to offer GPS
tracking for pets shipped. The system provides real-time location,
temperature and humidity data. As of 2015, the service was offered at a
number of U.S. airports.

8- KLM
• KLM has been working with application PaaS provider Mendix to help
boost engineering and maintenance efficiency.
• Working with the tech company and using its rapid application development
platform, the Franco-Dutch airline built an equipment tracking app which
pulled data from the countrywide KPN LoRa network. This provided
engineers with a real-view (on iPads) as to where each piece of airline
maintenance equipment is located.
• This increases the efficiency of engineers (engineers spend less time
looking to equipment like generators) and thus KLM expects the project to
generate significant cost savings and process improvements. It is also
expected to improve the customer experience by providing more reliable,
on-time flights.
• KLM and Dutch airport Schiphol have also invested in local IoT start-up
Undagrid, which uses mesh networking to locate objects in real time.

9- Qantas
• Qantas worked with Samsung Electronics Australia to launch an
entertainment service that uses Samsung’s Gear VR headset to offer
passengers a 3D experience in an interactive 360° cinematic video format.
• The in-flight VR headsets enable viewers to watch the latest inflight
movies, view the latest Qantas products or see possible destinations.

10- Rolls Royce
• Rolls Royce recently partnered with Microsoft to use IoT technologies
to make its airplane engines ‘intelligent’.
• The engine manufacturer has adopted Microsoft’s Azure IoT Suite and
Cortana Intelligence Suite to diagnose potential faults in engines fitted
to aircraft in service around the globe.
• Information on engine health, air traffic control, route restrictions and
fuel use will be collected from hundreds of sensors inside the engines,
and analysed to detect any operational anomalies or signs of developing
faults.

10- Rolls Royce
• Representatives from Helsinki Airport, KLM and TUI are speaking at
The Internet of Aviation.
• The Internet of Things is transforming the aviation industry by enabling
a more seamless passenger journey, increasing operational efficiency
and driving a new age of ‘connected aviation’.
• Through early adopter case studies, interactive workshops and panels,
The Internet of Aviation will explore the relevance of IoT to those
involved in passenger experience and e-enablement. From leveraging
beacon technology, to empowering staff with wearables and using
digitally enabled maintenance, discover the wealth of opportunities IoT
offers for airlines and airports to gain a competitive edge. Email
info@iob-media.com for more detail.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in
the Aviation Industry

Aviation is starting to adopt AI in
many ways in order to streamline
business and improve customer
experience

The aviation industry
Especially the commercial aviation sector, is constantly striving to improve both the
way it works and its customer satisfaction.
To that end, it has begun using artificial intelligence. Though AI in the aviation
industry is still in the nascent stage, some progress has been made already as certain
leading carriers invest in AI.
To start with, certain use uses are being implemented such as facial recognition,
baggage check-in, customer queries and answers, aircraft fuel optimization and
factory operations optimization. But AI can potentially go far beyond the current use
cases.
To make a long story short, AI can redefine how the aviation industry goes about its
work. (To learn more about AI in business, check out 5 Ways Companies May Want
to Consider Using AI.)

The Context
The global aviation industry has been growing exponentially.
• Take the example of the U.S. commercial aviation industry: In the next two
decades, passenger count is expected to double.
In 2016, the U.S. commercial aviation industry generated an operating revenue of
$168.2 billion. This is an opportunity for exponential growth which needs to be
handled well.
The aviation industry needs to move beyond its present ways of working and find
better ways to optimize resources, improve customer satisfaction and safety records,
control costs and be more responsible environmentally.
Data is key to unlocking the potential, and the aviation industry must leverage AI.
So, while both the business case and context of AI in the aviation industry is set, we
need to discuss the use cases being implemented currently.

AI Use Cases in Aviation
Passenger Identification
• The idea is to have machines perform end-to-end passenger identification and check-in at the
airport. Delta Airlines has been testing this process. Delta has been keen on using AI for
some time, as is evident in its initiatives such as ticketing kiosks and check-in via the Fly
Delta mobile app. In May 2017, Delta announced it was going to invest $600,000 in four
automated self-service bag checking kiosks, including one that will also have facial
recognition technology. The experiment is being carried out at Minneapolis-St. Paul
International Airport. According to Delta, previous experiments have helped streamline
customer flow at the airport and improve customer satisfaction scores.
• According to the Delta annual report: We are dependent on technology initiatives to provide
customer service and operational effectiveness in order to compete in the current business
environment. For example, we have made and continue to make significant investments in
delta.com, mobile device applications, check-in kiosks, customer service applications,
airport information displays and related initiatives, including security for these initiatives.
 As already stated, AI in aviation is in the nascent stage, but some use cases are already
being implemented by some major U.S. carriers. These use cases are described below.

Baggage Screening
• In 2017, American Airlines conducted an app development
competition with the goal of having an app developed for
making baggage screening easier for passengers.
• The competition, named HackWars, was themed upon
artificial intelligence, drones and augmented and virtual
reality. The winner, known as “Team Avatar,” developed an
app that would not only allow passengers determine their
baggage size before arriving at the airport, but also prepay
any potential baggage-related expenses.

Customer Assistance
• United Airlines is using Amazon’s Alexa to have certain common
customer queries answered. In September 2017, United announced a
collaboration with Alexa. The feature is known as the United skill.
• To get started, all passengers need to do is to add the United skill to
their Alexa app and then start asking questions. Alexa answers
common queries correctly, such as the status of a flight by number,
check-in requests and availability of WiFi on a flight.
• The reviews so far have been mixed, which points to the fact that
there is a learning curve, and it is still a long way to go before AI
can fully handle customer assistance.

Challenges and Tasks
Data Confidentiality Management
• Humongous volumes of data will be in use as the aviation industry embraces AI, and that
will give rise to data confidentiality risks.
• However, the need to properly manage data isn't exactly a new challenge for airlines. One
incident has already come to light, when it was revealed that Emirates, a leading airline,
leaked customer data to third parties without authorization. It was found that customer
details such as name, email, itinerary, phone number and even passport number were shared
with third-party service providers such as Boxever, Coremetrics, Crazy Egg, Facebook and
Google.
• Though Emirates policy states that there will be some data sharing, the policy is pretty
ambiguous.
Since the aviation industry has only recently embarked on the AI journey, fully embracing AI is
going to be a challenging task. The following challenges come to mind. (For more on current AI
uses, see What AI Can Do for the Enterprise.)

Tracking Progress
• Tracking progress is an enormous challenge that
airlines will face. The first thing they need to do is
to develop analytics that will help them develop
and process accurate data. However, that in itself
is a challenge. What kind of analytics will help?
For example, customer satisfaction is going to be
one of the most important factors in success. What
kind of analytics will determine that airlines have
been improving on customer satisfaction
parameters?

Managing Investments
• AI needs huge investments, and probably the biggest risk in
this is that smaller, especially budget airlines are going to
miss out on reaping the benefits of AI fully. Does that mean
that the performance of the smaller carriers will be
impacted? That might not be the case, because we might be
moving toward more acquisitions and mergers.
• Bigger airlines will have a massive appetite for acquiring
smaller airlines with an eye on the market. It is not all
gloom and doom though, because smaller airlines like
Southwest have already shown some initiatives toward
embracing AI.

Conclusion
It is surprising that a sector as important as aviation has woken up to AI so late. As AI in
aviation picks up its pace, there could probably be a few mergers, acquisitions or even
closure of small airlines which will not be able to afford the investments.
Now, AI seems the best option to take aviation to the next level.

• There are some prerequisites to successful digital transformation. Foremost among them is strong
leadership and sponsorship from the top of the organization. Even with that in place, the biggest barrier
to digital adoption can be corporate culture, which often resists changes to organizational structure or
functions. Clear communication from the company’s leadership on the positive impact of digitalization
can combat this inertia and encourage acceptance of digital transformation. For example, the overall
benefits of introducing intelligent automation for the workforce are often overlooked, with the focus
resting on the negative impact it may have on a few specific work roles instead.
• Many aviation, travel and tourism companies concentrate on their relationship with customers and direct
their digital investments to websites and mobile interfaces. It is crucial, however, not to neglect
operations and recognize the vast potential for efficiency and cost savings that technology can bring.
• In parts of the industry, a highly regulated environment is stifling innovation in products and services.
The pace at which new regulations are drawn up and implemented is too slow. To improve this situation,
companies should keep policy-makers and regulators aligned on recent developments, narrowing the gap
between innovation and regulation. All stakeholders have an added responsibility to understand the
implications of a potentially widening digital divide in society and to take proactive actions to maximize
the socioeconomic benefits of digital transformation in an inclusive manner.
• Digital transformation offers many opportunities for this highly competitive industry. How the ecosystem
will develop over the next decade is uncertain, but it is clear that maximizing the value of digitalization –
for both the industry and wider society – rests on the aviation, travel and tourism ecosystem’s ability to
work cooperatively

Recommendations
• Maximizing the value of digitalization in aviation, travel and tourism will require
concerted action from industry leaders, regulators and policy-makers. A series of
actions have been identified for ecosystem participants looking to make digital
transformation a success:
• Legacy systems need to transform or connect into agile interoperable platforms, to
enable plug-and-play interactions among partners in the ecosystem. This will help with
asset-sharing and generate new, seamlessly integrated products and services that make
travel a part of people’s lives. This represents a significant investment for incumbents,
but a necessary one to compete in the digital era.
• Support the transition of the workforce by reskilling current employees through
training, e.g. massive open online courses (MOOCs), boot camps or rotation programs.
Empower educational institutions to design curricula that prepare the next generation to
work collaboratively with intelligent technologies. Offer more freedom and flexibility
to the workforce, enabling people to schedule their own work. Find the balance that
protects the workforce and gives room for development, while keeping the industry
competitive.
• With data critical to the success of the industry’s digitalization, a multi-stakeholder
approach spanning the private and public sectors and civil society is needed to deliver
regulatory frameworks that define the appropriate uses of traveler data. These
frameworks will stipulate who owns the data, who can use it and how it will be
protected.

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• https://www.facebook.com/WSISprocess/posts/1021872431196668#
• https://twitter.com/wsisprocess/status/603591177179418624
• https://onedrive.live.com/?id=94B6ABA85272A3A5%21443&cid=94B6ABA85272A3A5

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