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Apache Tomcat 8 Application Server

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mohamedmoharam

The document provides instructions for installing Apache Tomcat 8 application server on CentOS. It describes downloading and installing Java 8, downloading and extracting the Tomcat archive, configuring environment variables and ports, starting Tomcat, creating user accounts, deploying WAR files, and customizing the Java virtual machine settings. It also discusses using Nginx as a reverse proxy to route port 80 traffic to Tomcat running on port 8080.

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Apache Tomcat 8 Application Server Installation Guide By : Mohamed Moharam System Engineer
The Apache Tomcat Server The Apache Tomcat server is an open source, Java-based web application container that was created to run servlet and JavaServer Pages (JSP) web applications. It was created under the Apache-Jakarta subproject; however, due to its popularity, it is now hosted as a separate Apache project, where it is supported and enhanced by a group of volunteers from the open source Java community. Apache Tomcat is very stable and has all of the features of a commercial web application container – yet comes under Open Source Apache License. Tomcat also provides additional functionality that makes it a great choice for developing a complete web application solution. Some of the additional features provided by Tomcat—other than being open source and free—include the Tomcat Manager application, specialized realm implementations, and Tomcat valves. The Tomcat Directory Structure The Tomcat installation directory is referred to as CATALINA_HOME. describes the directories that compose a Tomcat installation. It is assumed that each of these directories is contained within the CATALINA_HOME directory. Directory Contents /bin Contains the startup and shutdown scripts for both Windows and Linux. Jar files withclasses required for tomcat to start are also stored here. /conf Contains the main configuration files for Tomcat. The two most important are server.xmland the global web.xml. /lib Contains the Tomcat Java Archive (jar) files, shared across all Tomcat components. All web applications deployed to Tomcat can access the libraries stored here. This includesthe Servlet API and JSP API libraries. /logs Contains Tomcat’s log files. /webapps The directory where all web applications are deployed, and where you place your WAR file when it is ready for deployment. /work Tomcat’s working directory where Tomcat places all servlets that are generated from JSPs. If you want to see exactly how a particular JSP is interpreted, look in this directory. /tmp Contain temp filesystems storage Install JAVA 8 (JDK 8u66) on CentOS. This article will help you to Install JAVA 8 (JDK 8u66) or update on your system. Read instruction carefully for downloading java from Linux command line.
Downloading Latest Java Archive Download latest Java SE Development Kit 8 release from its official download page or use following commands to download from shell. For 64Bit # cd /opt/ # wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept- securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn- pub/java/jdk/8u66-b17/jdk-8u66-linux-x64.tar.gz" # tar xzf jdk-8u66-linux-x64.tar.gz Install Java with Alternatives After extracting archive file use alternatives command to install it. alternatives command is available in chkconfig package. # cd /opt/jdk1.8.0_66/ # alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /opt/jdk1.8.0_66/bin/java 2 # alternatives --config java There are 3 programs which provide 'java'. Selection Command ----------------------------------------------- + 2 /opt/jdk1.8.0_66/bin/java Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 2 At this point JAVA 8 has been successfully installed on your system. We also recommend to setup javac and jar commands path using alternatives # alternatives --install /usr/bin/jar jar /opt/jdk1.8.0_66/bin/jar 2
# alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /opt/jdk1.8.0_66/bin/javac 2 # alternatives --set jar /opt/ jdk1.8.0_66/bin/jar # alternatives --set javac /opt/ jdk1.8.0_66/bin/javac Check Installed Java Version Check the installed Java version on your system using following command. root@tecadmin ~# java -version java version "1.8.0_66" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_66-b17) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.66-b17, mixed mode) Configuring Environment Variables Most of Java based application’s uses environment variables to work. Set the Java environment variables using following commands  Setup JAVA_HOME Variable # export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk8  Setup JRE_HOME Variable # export JRE_HOME=/opt/jdk8/jre  Setup PATH Variable # export PATH=$PATH:/opt/jdk8/bin:/opt/jdk8/jre/bin Also put all above environment variables in /etc/environment file for auto loading on system boot.
Step 2: Downloading Tomcat Archive Download Apache Tomcat 8 archive file using following commands or you can visit Tomcat 8official download page for download most recent available version. After downloading extract archive file in /opt directory. You may change this location as per your setup. # cd /opt # wget http://www.us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat- 8/v8.0.27/bin/apache-tomcat-8.0.27.tar.gz # tar xzf apache-tomcat-8.0.27.tar.gz Step 3: Configure Environment Variables Before starting Tomcat, configure CATALINA_HOME environment variable in your system using following commands. # echo "export CATALINA_HOME="/opt/tomcat8"" >> ~/.bashrc # source ~/.bashrc Step 4: Starting Tomcat Tomcat is very easy to use, There are no need to compile its source. You simple extract the archive and start the tomcat server. Tomcat by default start on port 8080, So make sure no other application using the same port. # cd /opt/apache-tomcat-8.0.27 # ./bin/startup.sh
Step 5: Access Tomcat in Browser Tomcat server works on port 8080 default. Access tomcat on web browser by connecting your server on port 8080. http://localhost:8080 Step 6 : verify Tomcat is running successful Step 6: Setup User Accounts
Finally we need to create user accounts to secure and access admin/manager pages. Editconf/tomcat-users.xml file in your editor and paste inside <tomcat-users> </tomcat- users> tags. Now you can access the Tomcat Application Server with the username & password to deploy applications and check server status as you see below .
Deploying WAR Archive The WAR (Web Archive) file is a single file that contains all web application resources, and can be deployed directly to Tomcat. The WAR file is actually a zip-compatible archived file . To deploy a WAR-packaged web application, all you have to do is copy it to the CATALINA_HOME/webapps directory. Make sure you remove the previously deployed application’s exploded directory. Upon server startup, Tomcat will pick up the apress.war file and deploy it automatically. When Tomcat is up and running again, you can access the web application from the browser in the same way as before. The Second method 1-login to the Tomcat web server using username & password .2- choice manage applications . 3- the middle you will see war file deploy section 4- choose the war file 5. press deploy now your application have been uploaded remotely and running in the apache tomcat as you see in the following
(1) (2) (3) (4) Customizing the Java Virtual Machine Exploring the java jvm and customize it to enhance application performance in memory and issues related to garbage collections by controlling the max memory size for the JVM and min memory for the heap size . by opining /opt/tomcat-server/bin/catalina.sh and modify memory size as you see in the following
Connection Proxy Since Tomcat typically listens on port 8080, rather than configure Tomcat on port 80 for normal HTTP requests, we can use Nginx to proxy those connections and rewrite the URLs 1- Install epel for nginx packages 2- Create new directory under /etc/nginx as you see below
3- Create new configuration file to to be able to access the server over port 80 instead off 8080 using nginx features as you see and restart the service now you can access it over port 80 instead of 8080 http://server:80

More Related Content

Apache Tomcat 8 Application Server

  • 1. Apache Tomcat 8 Application Server Installation Guide By : Mohamed Moharam System Engineer
  • 2. The Apache Tomcat Server The Apache Tomcat server is an open source, Java-based web application container that was created to run servlet and JavaServer Pages (JSP) web applications. It was created under the Apache-Jakarta subproject; however, due to its popularity, it is now hosted as a separate Apache project, where it is supported and enhanced by a group of volunteers from the open source Java community. Apache Tomcat is very stable and has all of the features of a commercial web application container – yet comes under Open Source Apache License. Tomcat also provides additional functionality that makes it a great choice for developing a complete web application solution. Some of the additional features provided by Tomcat—other than being open source and free—include the Tomcat Manager application, specialized realm implementations, and Tomcat valves. The Tomcat Directory Structure The Tomcat installation directory is referred to as CATALINA_HOME. describes the directories that compose a Tomcat installation. It is assumed that each of these directories is contained within the CATALINA_HOME directory. Directory Contents /bin Contains the startup and shutdown scripts for both Windows and Linux. Jar files withclasses required for tomcat to start are also stored here. /conf Contains the main configuration files for Tomcat. The two most important are server.xmland the global web.xml. /lib Contains the Tomcat Java Archive (jar) files, shared across all Tomcat components. All web applications deployed to Tomcat can access the libraries stored here. This includesthe Servlet API and JSP API libraries. /logs Contains Tomcat’s log files. /webapps The directory where all web applications are deployed, and where you place your WAR file when it is ready for deployment. /work Tomcat’s working directory where Tomcat places all servlets that are generated from JSPs. If you want to see exactly how a particular JSP is interpreted, look in this directory. /tmp Contain temp filesystems storage Install JAVA 8 (JDK 8u66) on CentOS. This article will help you to Install JAVA 8 (JDK 8u66) or update on your system. Read instruction carefully for downloading java from Linux command line.
  • 3. Downloading Latest Java Archive Download latest Java SE Development Kit 8 release from its official download page or use following commands to download from shell. For 64Bit # cd /opt/ # wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept- securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn- pub/java/jdk/8u66-b17/jdk-8u66-linux-x64.tar.gz" # tar xzf jdk-8u66-linux-x64.tar.gz Install Java with Alternatives After extracting archive file use alternatives command to install it. alternatives command is available in chkconfig package. # cd /opt/jdk1.8.0_66/ # alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /opt/jdk1.8.0_66/bin/java 2 # alternatives --config java There are 3 programs which provide 'java'. Selection Command ----------------------------------------------- + 2 /opt/jdk1.8.0_66/bin/java Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 2 At this point JAVA 8 has been successfully installed on your system. We also recommend to setup javac and jar commands path using alternatives # alternatives --install /usr/bin/jar jar /opt/jdk1.8.0_66/bin/jar 2
  • 4. # alternatives --install /usr/bin/javac javac /opt/jdk1.8.0_66/bin/javac 2 # alternatives --set jar /opt/ jdk1.8.0_66/bin/jar # alternatives --set javac /opt/ jdk1.8.0_66/bin/javac Check Installed Java Version Check the installed Java version on your system using following command. root@tecadmin ~# java -version java version "1.8.0_66" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_66-b17) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.66-b17, mixed mode) Configuring Environment Variables Most of Java based application’s uses environment variables to work. Set the Java environment variables using following commands  Setup JAVA_HOME Variable # export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk8  Setup JRE_HOME Variable # export JRE_HOME=/opt/jdk8/jre  Setup PATH Variable # export PATH=$PATH:/opt/jdk8/bin:/opt/jdk8/jre/bin Also put all above environment variables in /etc/environment file for auto loading on system boot.
  • 5. Step 2: Downloading Tomcat Archive Download Apache Tomcat 8 archive file using following commands or you can visit Tomcat 8official download page for download most recent available version. After downloading extract archive file in /opt directory. You may change this location as per your setup. # cd /opt # wget http://www.us.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat- 8/v8.0.27/bin/apache-tomcat-8.0.27.tar.gz # tar xzf apache-tomcat-8.0.27.tar.gz Step 3: Configure Environment Variables Before starting Tomcat, configure CATALINA_HOME environment variable in your system using following commands. # echo "export CATALINA_HOME="/opt/tomcat8"" >> ~/.bashrc # source ~/.bashrc Step 4: Starting Tomcat Tomcat is very easy to use, There are no need to compile its source. You simple extract the archive and start the tomcat server. Tomcat by default start on port 8080, So make sure no other application using the same port. # cd /opt/apache-tomcat-8.0.27 # ./bin/startup.sh
  • 6. Step 5: Access Tomcat in Browser Tomcat server works on port 8080 default. Access tomcat on web browser by connecting your server on port 8080. http://localhost:8080 Step 6 : verify Tomcat is running successful Step 6: Setup User Accounts
  • 7. Finally we need to create user accounts to secure and access admin/manager pages. Editconf/tomcat-users.xml file in your editor and paste inside <tomcat-users> </tomcat- users> tags. Now you can access the Tomcat Application Server with the username & password to deploy applications and check server status as you see below .
  • 8. Deploying WAR Archive The WAR (Web Archive) file is a single file that contains all web application resources, and can be deployed directly to Tomcat. The WAR file is actually a zip-compatible archived file . To deploy a WAR-packaged web application, all you have to do is copy it to the CATALINA_HOME/webapps directory. Make sure you remove the previously deployed application’s exploded directory. Upon server startup, Tomcat will pick up the apress.war file and deploy it automatically. When Tomcat is up and running again, you can access the web application from the browser in the same way as before. The Second method 1-login to the Tomcat web server using username & password .2- choice manage applications . 3- the middle you will see war file deploy section 4- choose the war file 5. press deploy now your application have been uploaded remotely and running in the apache tomcat as you see in the following
  • 9. (1) (2) (3) (4) Customizing the Java Virtual Machine Exploring the java jvm and customize it to enhance application performance in memory and issues related to garbage collections by controlling the max memory size for the JVM and min memory for the heap size . by opining /opt/tomcat-server/bin/catalina.sh and modify memory size as you see in the following
  • 10. Connection Proxy Since Tomcat typically listens on port 8080, rather than configure Tomcat on port 80 for normal HTTP requests, we can use Nginx to proxy those connections and rewrite the URLs 1- Install epel for nginx packages 2- Create new directory under /etc/nginx as you see below
  • 11. 3- Create new configuration file to to be able to access the server over port 80 instead off 8080 using nginx features as you see and restart the service now you can access it over port 80 instead of 8080 http://server:80