SlideShare a Scribd company logo

Anatomy of a PHP Request ( UTOSC 2010 )

•Download as KEY, PDF•
•
J
Joseph Scott

This document provides an overview of the PHP request lifecycle, including how a PHP file is read, parsed, compiled, executed, and outputs. It discusses how PHP is handled by different web servers like Apache, Nginx, and FastCGI. It also covers topics like opcode caching with APC, profiling PHP performance with Xdebug, and analyzing PHP opcodes with Vulcan Logic Dumper.

1 of 40
Blank Slide
This one too
One for the road
Anatomy of a PHP Request Joseph Scott 7 Oct 2010 UTOSC
Rules of Engagement
Lifespan .php Read Parse Compile Execute Output
Lifespan .php Read Parse Compile Execute Output Apache / mod_php
Lifespan .php Read Parse Compile Execute Output FastCGI Nginx
Reading Open Read Close
Reading Open Read Close Avoid co$tly services like NFS
Parse hello.php <?php echo "Hello, World!n" Parse error: syntax error, unexpected $end, expecting ',' or ';' in /tmp/hello.php on line 3
Tokens <?php echo $tokens = token_get_all( ' "Hello, World!";' ); foreach ( $tokens as $token ) {     if ( is_array( $token ) ) {         echo token_name( $token[0] ) . " ( {$token[2]} ) - {$token[1]}n";     } else {         echo "{$token}n";     } }
Tokens T_OPEN_TAG ( 1 ) - <?php T_ECHO ( 1 ) - echo T_WHITESPACE ( 1 ) - T_CONSTANT_ENCAPSED_STRING ( 1 ) - "Hello, World!" ;
Compile Branch analysis from position: 0 Return found filename: /tmp/hello.php function name: (null) number of ops: 3 compiled vars: none line # op fetch ext return operands ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 ECHO 'Hello%2C+World%21%0A' 3 1 RETURN 1 2* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION
Execute Deceptively Simple Term •Includes all sorts of activity •Database / remote requests
Output •PHP can buffer output •Don’t forget about compression
Making Things Faster
Making Things Faster Less work, for the same result = awesome
Making Things Faster .php Read Parse Compile Execute Output
Making Things Faster .php Read APC Parse Compile Execute Output
Making Things Faster .php Read APC Parse Compile Execute Output opcode cache
HipHop for PHP • Open source code translator from Facebook • Converts PHP into c++ • Single binary with built in web server • http://github.com/facebook/hiphop-php/
HipHop for PHP How much faster?
HipHop for PHP How much faster? Depends (of course)
Measuring Tape for Programmers
Measuring Tape for Programmers Xdebug can provide TONS of information http://xdebug.org/
Xdebug Profiler •Generates cachegrind output ➡KCachegrind ➡webgrind ➡MacCallGrind ➡WinCacheGrind ➡Valgrind
Kcachegrind
webgrind
XHProf
XHProf Call Graph
XHProf Diff
The PHP Point of View opcodes VLD - Vulcan Logic Dumper
Example PHP $html = file_get_contents( 'http://www.google.com/' ); $regex_pattern = '!<a href="[^>]*">(.*?)</a>!'; preg_match_all( $regex_pattern, $html, $matches );
Example PHP - VLD Branch analysis from position: 0 Return found filename: /drive/home/joseph/vld/parse-links.php function name: (null) number of ops: 17 compiled vars: !0 = $html, !1 = $regex_pattern, !2 = $matches
Example PHP - VLD line # op fetch ext return operands ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 0 EXT_STMT 1 EXT_FCALL_BEGIN 2 SEND_VAL 'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F' 3 DO_FCALL 1 'file_get_contents' 4 EXT_FCALL_END 5 ASSIGN !0, $0 5 6 EXT_STMT 7 ASSIGN !1, '%21%3Ca+href%3D%22%5B%5E%3E %5D%2A%22%3E%28.%2A%3F%29%3C%2Fa%3E%21' 6 8 EXT_STMT 9 EXT_FCALL_BEGIN 10 SEND_VAR !1 11 SEND_VAR !0 12 SEND_REF !2 13 DO_FCALL 3 'preg_match_all' 14 EXT_FCALL_END 7 15 RETURN 1 16* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION
PHP - strace • System calls, expect LOTS of data • strace -o out php parse-links.php
PHP - strace • System calls, expect LOTS of data • strace -o out php parse-links.php 1,500+ lines of output!
1. PHP - strace socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 3 2. fcntl64(3, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) 3. fcntl64(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 4. connect(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(80), sin_addr=inet_addr("64.233.169.99")}, 16) = -1 EINPROGRESS (Operation now in progress) 5. poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLOUT|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLOUT}]) 6. getsockopt(3, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, [0], [4]) = 0 7. fcntl64(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR) = 0 8. send(3, "GET / HTTP/1.0rn", 16, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 16 9. send(3, "Host: www.google.comrn", 22, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 22 10.send(3, "rn", 2, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 2 11.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLPRI|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout) 12.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}]) 13.recv(3, "HTTP/1.0 200 OKrnDate: Tue, 13 A"..., 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 4636 14.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}]) 15.recv(3, "is) class=gb2>Blogs</a> <div cla"..., 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 4290 16.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}]) 17.recv(3, "", 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 0 18.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}]) 19.recv(3, "", 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 0 20.close(3) = 0
Live Demo Time

More Related Content

Anatomy of a PHP Request ( UTOSC 2010 )

  • 3. One for the road
  • 4. Anatomy of a PHP Request Joseph Scott 7 Oct 2010 UTOSC
  • 6. Lifespan .php Read Parse Compile Execute Output
  • 7. Lifespan .php Read Parse Compile Execute Output Apache / mod_php
  • 8. Lifespan .php Read Parse Compile Execute Output FastCGI Nginx
  • 9. Reading Open Read Close
  • 10. Reading Open Read Close Avoid co$tly services like NFS
  • 11. Parse hello.php <?php echo "Hello, World!n" Parse error: syntax error, unexpected $end, expecting ',' or ';' in /tmp/hello.php on line 3
  • 12. Tokens <?php echo $tokens = token_get_all( ' "Hello, World!";' ); foreach ( $tokens as $token ) {     if ( is_array( $token ) ) {         echo token_name( $token[0] ) . " ( {$token[2]} ) - {$token[1]}n";     } else {         echo "{$token}n";     } }
  • 13. Tokens T_OPEN_TAG ( 1 ) - <?php T_ECHO ( 1 ) - echo T_WHITESPACE ( 1 ) - T_CONSTANT_ENCAPSED_STRING ( 1 ) - "Hello, World!" ;
  • 14. Compile Branch analysis from position: 0 Return found filename: /tmp/hello.php function name: (null) number of ops: 3 compiled vars: none line # op fetch ext return operands ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 0 ECHO 'Hello%2C+World%21%0A' 3 1 RETURN 1 2* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION
  • 15. Execute Deceptively Simple Term •Includes all sorts of activity •Database / remote requests
  • 16. Output •PHP can buffer output •Don’t forget about compression
  • 18. Making Things Faster Less work, for the same result = awesome
  • 19. Making Things Faster .php Read Parse Compile Execute Output
  • 20. Making Things Faster .php Read APC Parse Compile Execute Output
  • 21. Making Things Faster .php Read APC Parse Compile Execute Output opcode cache
  • 22. HipHop for PHP • Open source code translator from Facebook • Converts PHP into c++ • Single binary with built in web server • http://github.com/facebook/hiphop-php/
  • 23. HipHop for PHP How much faster?
  • 24. HipHop for PHP How much faster? Depends (of course)
  • 25. Measuring Tape for Programmers
  • 26. Measuring Tape for Programmers Xdebug can provide TONS of information http://xdebug.org/
  • 27. Xdebug Profiler •Generates cachegrind output ➡KCachegrind ➡webgrind ➡MacCallGrind ➡WinCacheGrind ➡Valgrind
  • 33. The PHP Point of View opcodes VLD - Vulcan Logic Dumper
  • 34. Example PHP $html = file_get_contents( 'http://www.google.com/' ); $regex_pattern = '!<a href="[^>]*">(.*?)</a>!'; preg_match_all( $regex_pattern, $html, $matches );
  • 35. Example PHP - VLD Branch analysis from position: 0 Return found filename: /drive/home/joseph/vld/parse-links.php function name: (null) number of ops: 17 compiled vars: !0 = $html, !1 = $regex_pattern, !2 = $matches
  • 36. Example PHP - VLD line # op fetch ext return operands ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 0 EXT_STMT 1 EXT_FCALL_BEGIN 2 SEND_VAL 'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F' 3 DO_FCALL 1 'file_get_contents' 4 EXT_FCALL_END 5 ASSIGN !0, $0 5 6 EXT_STMT 7 ASSIGN !1, '%21%3Ca+href%3D%22%5B%5E%3E %5D%2A%22%3E%28.%2A%3F%29%3C%2Fa%3E%21' 6 8 EXT_STMT 9 EXT_FCALL_BEGIN 10 SEND_VAR !1 11 SEND_VAR !0 12 SEND_REF !2 13 DO_FCALL 3 'preg_match_all' 14 EXT_FCALL_END 7 15 RETURN 1 16* ZEND_HANDLE_EXCEPTION
  • 37. PHP - strace • System calls, expect LOTS of data • strace -o out php parse-links.php
  • 38. PHP - strace • System calls, expect LOTS of data • strace -o out php parse-links.php 1,500+ lines of output!
  • 39. 1. PHP - strace socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_IP) = 3 2. fcntl64(3, F_GETFL) = 0x2 (flags O_RDWR) 3. fcntl64(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK) = 0 4. connect(3, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(80), sin_addr=inet_addr("64.233.169.99")}, 16) = -1 EINPROGRESS (Operation now in progress) 5. poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLOUT|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLOUT}]) 6. getsockopt(3, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR, [0], [4]) = 0 7. fcntl64(3, F_SETFL, O_RDWR) = 0 8. send(3, "GET / HTTP/1.0rn", 16, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 16 9. send(3, "Host: www.google.comrn", 22, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 22 10.send(3, "rn", 2, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 2 11.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLPRI|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 0) = 0 (Timeout) 12.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}]) 13.recv(3, "HTTP/1.0 200 OKrnDate: Tue, 13 A"..., 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 4636 14.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}]) 15.recv(3, "is) class=gb2>Blogs</a> <div cla"..., 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 4290 16.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}]) 17.recv(3, "", 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 0 18.poll([{fd=3, events=POLLIN|POLLERR|POLLHUP}], 1, 60000) = 1 ([{fd=3, revents=POLLIN}]) 19.recv(3, "", 8192, MSG_DONTWAIT) = 0 20.close(3) = 0

Editor's Notes