A Review on Wireless Technologies

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 11 | Nov -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 795
A Review on Wireless Technologies
Ms.Minal A. Apandkar
VPM’s Polytechnic Thane, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - Technology is making quick development and is
making various things smoother. As the innovations of people
are increasing day-by-day, new mode for wireless networking
has been developed such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and Li- Fi. Today
everybody is in urgency for receiving correct info at the
correct time and exact dwelling which requires fast internet
connectivity. So there are numerous styles of connectivity to
catch on to internet such as Gateway access, Dial-up
connection, Leased connection, DSL, CableModemConnection,
VSAT and wireless connection such as Wi-Fi. In this paper we
are discussing different types of wireless technology.
Key Words: Wireless, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee
1. INTRODUCTION
What is wireless communication?
Wireless communication means transmission of data
without using wires, cables or electrical conductors.Itcan be
done with the help of different technologies such as
Bluetooth, Ultra Wide Band, Zigbee, Cellular technology.
1.1 Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a wireless technology used to transfer data
among different electronic strategies. The expanse of data
transmission is lesser in contrast to other methods of
wireless communication. Thisexpertiseremovesthehabitof
cords, cables, adapters anddocumentsthe electronicdevices
to interconnect wirelessly between each other.
Fig -1: Bluetooth symbol
Advantages of Bluetooth:
1. It produces adhoc link instantly without any wires.
Connection development is very fast. Operator onlywants to
pair the Bluetooth PAN connection between two strategies.
2. It has little power consumption.
3. Better range as related to infrared communication.
4. Low cost.
5. It can pass through partitions.
Disadvantages of Bluetooth:
1.Having lower bandwidth as compared to Wi-Fi.
2.Security is major disadvantage of Bluetooth because it
operates on Radio frequency and can pass through the walls
so important and personal data can not be transfer with the
help of Bluetooth.
3. Range is less.
1.2 Wi-Fi Technology
Wi-Fi stands Wireless Fidelity. Wi-Fi is created on the IEEE
802.11 family of principles and is primarily a local area
networking (LAN) technology intended to offer in-building
broadband treatment.PresentWi-Fischemessupporta peak
physical-layer data rate of 54 Mbps and classically offer
indoor attention above a space of 100 feet. Wi-Fi has
developed the de facto standard for last mile broadband
connectivity in households, workplaces, and community
hotspot places. Schemes can characteristically deliver an
exposure range of simply about 1,000 feet from the contact
point. Wi-Fi offers curiously advanced topmost data rates
than do 3G systems, primarily since it operates over a larger
20 MHz bandwidth, but Wi-Fi systems are not aimed to
support high-speed motion. One major benefit of Wi-Fi over
WiMAX and 3G is its inclusive accessibility of terminal
strategies. A huge popular of laptops transportedtodayhave
a integral Wi-Fi edge. Wi-Fi interfaces are currently also
being made into a multiplicity of devices, counting personal
data assistants (PDAs), cordless phones, cellular phones,
cameras, and media
1.2.1 Radio Signals
Radio Signals are the sources, which mark Wi-Fi interacting
possible. These radio signals spread from Wi-Fi projections
are selected by Wi-Fi receivers, such as laptops and cell
phones that are equipped with Wi-Fi cards. Whenever, a PC
obtains any of the signals within the range of a Wi-Fi
network, which is usually 300 — 500 feet for antennas, the
Wi-Fi card reads the signals and thus produces an internet
connection between the user and the network without the
use of a card. Access points, comprising of antennas and
routers, are the chief foundation that spread and collect
radio waves. Antennas work solider and have a lengthier

radio broadcast with a range of 300- 500 feet, which are
used in open regions.
1.2.2 Wi-Fi Cards
Wi-Fi cards are used to connect PC totheantenna fora direct
joining to the internet. Wi-Fi cards are external orinternal.If
a Wi-Fi card is not installed in your computer, then you may
purchase a USB antenna attachment and have it externally
connect to your USB port, or have an antenna-equipped
expansion card installed directly to the computer
Fig-2: Wi-Fi Card
1.2.3. Wi-Fi Hotspots
A Wi-Fi hotspot is formed by mounting a contact point to an
internet assembly. The entrée point transmits a wireless
signal over a small space. It characteristically shields about
300 feet. When a Wi-Fi aided device such as a Pocket laptop
meets a hotspot, the device can then join to that network
wirelessly. Most hotspots are situated in residences that are
readily available to the community such as airports, coffee
shops, hotels, book stores, and campus locations. 802.11b is
the most common specification for hotspots universal. The
802.11g standard is backwards compatible with .11b but
.11a uses a different frequency range and requires isolated
hardware such as an a, a/g, or a/b/g device. The largest
unrestricted Wi-Fi networks are delivered by private
internet service providers (ISPs); they charge a fee to the
operators who need to access the internet.
1.2.4 How to protect Wi-Fi
Easy steps to protect the Wi-Fi are:
One should change the name of wireless network
One should give provocative name for its Wi-Fi network.
One should select strong and unique password for
wireless network
Wireless router already have pre-set default password. But
hackers can easily hack this password. So password should
be strong enough to protect the Wi-Fi, it should contain
numbers, letters and various symbol.
One should improve Wi-Fi security by enablingnetwork
encryption
WPA2 AES settings are done to improve security of Wi-Fi
which is also a standard security system
One should disable the wireless network when not in
use
In case of prolonged absences, one should disable the
wireless network, which will avoid malicioususeofnetwork
Keep router at proper place
Route should be placed at proper place so that it will have
same access everywhere.
Keep strong network administrator password
One should change the name of network admin and its
password to make cybercriminals harder to hack the
password.
One should disable remote access
It’s a good practice to disable remote access to avoid people
from accessing data which are not connected to wireless
network.
One should keep router’s software up-to-date
If router’s software is updated, it will give better functioning
with respect to market updating.
Make use of firewall to secure Wi-Fi network
Hardware firewall in router are use to safeguard system
from malicious hacking tries in contradiction of wireless
network.
One should protect devices that are connected
frequently to wireless network
The devices which are connected often to wireless network
must have antivirus and antispyware security software
installed.
1.2.5 Application of Wi-Fi
1. Sharing of internet
2. Share properties among PCs
3. Files can be access via a NAS drive
4. Print & scan can be done
5. Sync your matter
6. It can be work as remote control of entertainment system
7. Use to listen music
8. Video can be stream
9. Use to play online games

1.3 Zigbee
Zigbee is an open universal standardforwirelesstechnology
intended to use low power digital radio signals for personal
area linkages. Zigbee works on standard of IEEE at 802.15.4
requirement and is used to construct networks that needs a
low broadcast rate, energy effectiveness and protected
networking.
The applications of zigbee are as follows:
.Used for building automation system
.Used for heating and cooling control
.Used in medical devices
Zigbee frequencies:
.It works on Unlicensed Bands
.Operated at ISM 2.4 GHz Universal Band at the rate of
250kbps
.Operated at frequency of 868 MHz of European Band at the
rate of 20kbps
.Works at frequency of 915 MHz of North American Band at
the rate of 40kbps
Fig-3: Zigbee Range
1.4 Ultra Wide Band (UWB)
Ultra –Wide Band is a technique used n wireless
communication for low power consumption and high
bandwidth connection it simply means sending large
amount of data over short distance with less amount of
power. It’s mainly designedforcommercial radarsystem. In
this technology data is transmitted over a number of
frequency channels at once, whatever above 500 MHZ. In
case of spread spectrum, ultra wideband spectrum has
advantage over narrowband that it doesn’t interfere with
other transmission in the same frequency band.
1.4.1 Applications of Ultra Wide Band
Applications of Ultra Wide Band are as follows:
. It can be used for file transfers without a PC
. It can be used for wireless printing
. It can be used for wireless monitors
. It can be used for high-definition video
. It can be used for wireless USB
Fig-4: UWB Applications
1.5 Cellular Technology
Cellular technology makes use of different technologies like
GSM (Global System for mobile communication),
GPRS(General Packet Radio Service),CDMA2000.Out of
which GSM is use most frequently.GSM and CDMA both
makes use of multiple access technology for their operation.
Fig-4: Difference between different technologies

2. CONCLUSION
India is moving towards development. With the help of
advanced technology it can server in better manner.
Different wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, GSM plays vital
role into it.Life is going to be simpler with help of it.With the
help of Wi-Fi, Digital India movement is in progress. People
can do more and more transaction online so it encourages
cashless transactions and it’s possible to reduce corruption
at certain level. So all wireless technologies are meant for
making things simplerprovidedproper precautionsaretobe
taken.
REFERENCES
[1]Theodore Rappaport, “Wireless Communications –
Principles and Practice”, Second Edition
[2]http://www.techwalla.com
[3]http://wifinotes.com
[4]http://www.techworld.com
[5]http://en.wikipedia.org
[6]https://danielmiessler.com
[7]https://en.wikipedia.org

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