3DPrinting Technologies

What is 3D printing?
3D + PRINTING = 3D PRINTING
Slide No - 2
The technology used for printing physical 3d objects from digital out is called 3d printing.
“ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING”
Technologies that build 3D
objects by adding layer-upon-
layer of material, whether the
material is plastic, metal,
concrete or any composite
materials.
A person creates a 3D
image of an item using a
computer-aided design
(CAD) software program.
The CAD information is
sent to the printer.
The printer forms the item
by depositing the material
in layers—starting from the
bottom layer—onto a
platform
+ a visualization tool in design
+ a means to create highly customized
products for consumers and professionals
+ as industrial tooling
+ to produce small lots of production parts
Diverse Needs -

History - Timeline
Slide No - 3
1984 – 1987
Charles Hull invents
3D printing and coins
the term “Stereo
Lithography”
1992
3D systems produce
the first SLA 3D
Printer machine
1999
Scientists manage to
grow organs from
patient’s cells
2000
The first 3D inkjet
printer produced by
Object Geometries.
2002
A 3D printed miniature
kidney is manufactured.
Scientists aim to produce
full-sized, working organs.
2008
The first 3D prosthetic
leg is produced.
2011
The first 3D printed
car (Urbee by Kor
Ecologic).
Projected Growth
2012
The first 3D printed
jaw is produced in
Holland by LayerWise.

Working
Slide No - 4
No
Yes
Manufacturing a model with the 3D printer Layer by layer
Whole manufacturing process

Types of 3D printing
Slide No - 5
There are three types
of Printer.
1. Stereo lithography
(SLA)
2. Selective laser
sintering (SLS)
3. Fused deposition
modeling (FDM)
Selective laser sintering (SLS)
Stereo lithography (SL)
Fused deposition modeling (FDM)

1. Stereo lithography
Slide No - 6
• Stereo lithography was the first type of 3D Printing created.
• This type of 3D Printing consists of a vertically movable vat and a
horizontally movable UV light.
• Instead of ink, the vat is filled with a type of resin (photopolymer) that
becomes hard when exposed to UV light.
• Because photopolymers are photosensitive under UV light, the resin is
solidified and forms a single layer of the desired 3D object.
• This process is repeated for each layer of the design until the 3D object is
complete.
Advantages - is its speed; functional parts
can be manufactured within a day.
Disadvantages - it is often costly; common
photopolymers can cost about $800 per
gallon and SLA machines can cost
$250,000.

2. Selective laser sintering (SLS)
Slide No - 7
• In powder-bed SLS, a layer of powdered material is carefully
laid down by a leveler or roller on the build tray.
• Layer thickness varies based on laser strength, material, or
tolerance desired.
• Is an additive manufacturing technique that uses a high
power laser (for example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse
small particles of plastic, metal (direct metal laser
sintering), ceramic or glass powders into a mass that
has a desired 3-dimensional shape).
SLA liquid photopolymers cost $80 to $100 or more per
liter. SLS powders costs between $300 and $600 per
kilogram, and can be difficult to even purchase.

3. Fused deposition modelling (FDM)
Slide No - 8
Fused Deposition Modeling is process that uses a continuous
filament of a thermoplastic material.
In this type of 3D Printing, instead of a vat, there is a flat surface
to build the 3D Model on,
Instead of a UV light, there is an extruder, a nozzle that melts a
string of plastic that comes in one end and forces a small stream
of plastic out the other end.

3D
Printing
Medical
Food
Games &
Entertain
ment
Product
design
Defense
& Space
Fashion &
Retail
Applications
Slide No - 9
1. Design Prototypes:
o 3-Dimensional Printing concept model, functional
prototypes and presentation models for
evaluating and refining design, and packaging.
2. Education:
o Engage students by bringing digital concepts into
the real world, turning their ideas into real-life 3D
color models that they can actually hold in their
hands.
3. Healthcare:
o Rapidly produce 3D models to reduce operating time,
enhance patient and, and improve patient outcomes.
4. Architecture:
o Rapidly produce 3D models, concept models,
produces smooth, detailed architectural models in an
array of materials, including rigid photopolymers.

Case Study 1
Canal house Amsterdam – by DUS architects
Slide No - 10
DUS ARCHITECTS, a Dutch company is making a
3d printed, 13-room canal house made from
separate but interlocking components.
The rooms will be structural entities on their own
and will be placed on top of each other to make a
house.
The Canal House is printed with the Kamer Maker,
a large portable 3D printer that can print entire
interiors and measures 2 x 2 x 3,5 meter.
The primary material being used is bio plastic.
The bio plastic is created from rapeseeds, and can
be ground down and reused as necessary.
WinSun- have built a 3D printed
villa, measuring 1,100sq.m.

Applications in Architecture
Slide No - 11
Architects Michael Hansmeyer and Benjamin Dillenburger printed
these columns.
Architectural models
Benches, furniture
Sculptures
Lamps for lighting

Other Applications
Slide No - 12
In food preparation, to apply items in liquid or paste form such as cheese, icing, and chocolate.
Medical industry - Physicians can use 3D
printing to make hearing aids, artificial teeth,
and bone grafts. 3D printed Jaw
This 3D-printed cast to help repair broken bones
may be the future of medical orthopedic casts. 3D-
printed casts also bring out the positive potential of
this emerging technology.

Other Applications
Slide No - 13
Richard Van As, a South African carpenter, assembles a
Robohand and fits it to Liam Dippenaar. Liam was born
without fingers on his right hand. Makerbot provided them
with the 3D printing technology that they used to print the
parts for the Robot hand.
Microsoft will provide support
for 3D printers in the next
update of its Windows 8
operating system. The firm
has struck deals with a
number of major 3D printer
makers including Makerbot,
3D Systems, Formlabs,
Dassault and Stratasys.
WikiHouse is an open source
construction set by a small, but
growing, community of people
all around the world. There is
no fixed design “team” or
“studio,” but a steadily growing
community of designers.
Automotive and aviation
industries
Urbee the first prototype
car 2011 was presented.
This is the first car ever to
have its body printed out
on a 3D printer.
.

Cost of 3D printers
Slide No - 14
Rep Rap
Model:
RepRap
Pro
Huxley
Price:
$599
Eventorb
ot
Model:
Delta
Micro Up
Afinia H-
Series
Price:
$1,500
Printrbot
Model:
Printrbot
GO
Price:
$1,500
Makerbo
t
Model:
Replicat
or 2x
Price:
$2,800
The
Future is
3D
Model:
Glacier
Steel
Price:
3000
3D
Systems
Model:
CubeX
Price:
$3000
Formlab
s
Model:
Form 1
Price:
$3,300
Stratasy
s
Model:
U print
SE Plus
Price:
$15,000
Low End - Price : Rs 6,00,000 High End - Price : 5 croresMid range - Price : 1 crores
TYPE RANGE
SLA $ 500- $ 3000
SLS $ 1000- $ 4000
FDM $ 300- $ 5000

21.20%
15%
13.80%
10.80%
5.20%
3%
0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00%
Automotive
Medical
Industrial
Aerospace
Architecture
Education
Contribution of 3D printing
Slide No - 15
The contribution of 3D printing in the various industries in the year
2013 are as follows:
The major INDIAN companies in India that are
aspirants in this new field of 3D printing are:
• ALTEM
Technologies
• Imaginarium
• Brahma 3
• think3D
• JGroup Robotics
Usage of 3D printing in India

3Doodler pen
Slide No - 16
• The 3Doodler is a 3D pen developed by Peter Dilworth, Maxwell
Bogue and Daniel Cowen of WobbleWorks.
• The 3Doodler works by extruding heated plastic that cools
almost instantly into a solid, stable structure, allowing for the
free-hand creation of three-dimensional objects.
• It utilizes plastic thread made of either acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene ("ABS"), polylactic acid("PLA"), or “FLEXY”, thermal
polyurethane (“TPU”) that is melted and then cooled through a
patented process while moving through the pen, which can then
be used to make 3D objects by hand.
• The 3Doodler has been described as a glue gun for 3D printing
because of how the plastic is extruded from the tip, with one foot
of the plastic thread equaling "about 11 feet of extruded
material".
In January 2015, an improved version of the 3Doodler was
introduced

Disadvantages
Slide No - 17
• RAPID PROTOTYPING: 3D printing gives designers
the ability to quickly turn concepts into 3D models
or prototypes (a.k.a., rapid prototyping).
• Clean process. Wastage of material is negligible.
• Complex shape can be produced .
• EASY TO USE No skilled person needed.
• REDUCE DESIGN COMPLEXITY
• CHEAP Cheaper process than any other process.
• People in remote locations can fabricate objects
that would otherwise be inaccessible to them.
• Process is slow
• Components do not have enough strength.
• COST OF RAW MATERIALS
• 3-D printers are still expensive.
• Misuse of technology
• Although 3-D printers have the potential of creating many
jobs and opportunities, they might also put certain jobs
at risk .
• Material limitation.
Advantages

Conclusion
Slide No - 18
• With today's 3D printers, if you print anything you
want and use. With tomorrow's, if you lose your
remote, you'll be able to print a new remote.
• 3D printers are always getting cheaper and
better.
• There is currently research going on to create 3D
printers that could print out organs for people in
need of a transplant.
• Within a decade, 3D printers will become
commonplace in houses.
The benefits of such technology are
endless.
• 3D printing is an expanding technology which may soon
start an industry in which everyone has the possibility of
being a manufacturer.
• 3D printing has a lot of possible benefits to society,
although the products created must be regulated.
• 3D printing has only been used on small scale projects in
the construction industry and there are a lot of
challenges that need to be dealt with prior to considering
adopting it as one of the main construction technologies.
Nothing communicates ideas faster than a three-
dimensional part or model. With a 3D printer you can bring
CAD files and design ideas to life – right from your desktop.
Test form, fit and function – and as many design variations
as you like – with functional parts.
Future

Slide No - 19
References
• http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23781-windows-aims-to-open-up-3d-printing-to-the-masses.html.
• http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23785-printed-drones-to-hunt-down-drugrunning-boats.html.
• http://www.psfk.com/2013/07/3d-printed-fashion-show.html.
• http://www.stratasys.com/resources/case-studies
• http://www.wikihouse.cc/
• http://on3dprinting.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/20120806-Infographic-How-3D-Printing-Works-Preview.jpg
• http://lunarscience.nasa.gov/articles/building-a-lunar-base-with-3d-printing/
• http://www.3ders.org/articles/20130706-3d-printable-drone-it-yourself-kit-turns-any-object-into-an-uav.html
• http://creativemachines.cornell.edu/ornithopter
• http://www.3ders.org/articles/20130702-3d-printed-drones-to-monitor-illegal-operations-at-sea.html
• http://betabeat.com/2013/05/first-fully-3d-printed-gun-created/

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