3D Design and Printing

3D DESIGN AND
PRINTING
21-02-2017

3D printing
What is 3D printing?
3D printing (3D printing, Rapid prototyping, Additive manufacturing)
is a phrase, which describes the creation of 3D object from the digital
model (which is presented in digital format with the help of calculating
machine) and 3D printer.
The process resembles the normal printing on paper. The difference is
that this is done many times (layer by layer. It is formed 3D body).
 Applied material may be the most different (metals, various
plastics, resins, plaster, It is even experimented with concrete and
food).

3D printing nowadays
1kg lift into the space costs 15.000- 25.000 €

3D printing stages
 Preprinting processes
 Printing
 Postprinting processes

3D printing stages
Preprinting processes. CAD and scanning. 3D model.

3D printing stages
AutoCad;
Autodesk Inventor;
Catia;
SolidWorks;
Draftsight – ( free software 2D);
Autodesk 123D ( free software – various
applications);
SketchUp( free software – various applications).

3D printing stages
3D scanning technology.
3D scanner is a device, that analyses a real-world
object or environment to collect data on its shape and
possibly its appearance (e.g. colour). The collected
data can then be used to construct digital three-
dimensional models.

3D printing processes
When the reconstructed 3D model is designed it is saved in STL
format. (Here is an example of CAD and STL format ( it consists of
9548 triangles).

3D printing stages
Preprinting processes. 3D model.
You can browse 3D models in STL format on websites. Links:
https://all3dp.com/best-sites-free-stl-files-3d-printing/
https://grabcad.com/library/software/stl
https://www.thingiverse.com/
Some of the models you can simply print out, and some before
printing you can correct using CAD programs.

3D printing stages
The printing ways. Materials.
3D printers (and production technology) can be classified
according to the number of signs (the accuracy, work temperature,
the product size, materials, ...).
It is quite important to classify according to the materials used in
the physical state. It depends on:
1. They are made of the liquid state materials;
2. They are made of "powder" state materials;
3. They are made of solid state materials;
4. Other (exotic).

3D printing stages
Printing ways:
1. Vat Photopolymerization;
2. Material Extrusion;
3. Material Jetting;
4. Binder Jetting;
5. Powder Small Tub Fusion;
6. Sheet Lamination;
7.Directed Energy Deposition.

3D printing stages
Printing ways:
Sheet Lamination; Links:
https://youtu.be/6C7bjzIW610
Vat Photopolymerization;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3p9xnjGKCT0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2J2DchVHa5s
Binder Jetting;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oy3cnQVtzD8
Material Extrusion;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FP06iB1qF8k

3D printing stages
Materials: http://3dworkshop.lt/plastiko-3d-spausdinimas/
ABS plastic;
PLA plastic;
PVA (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA is soluble in water and it
is suitable for use as auxiliary material);
Nylon (elastic, strong, highly resistant to abrasion,
resistant to the most solvents.);
HIPS (impact resistant polystyrene);
And others...

3D printing stages
 ABS plastic:
This plastic is odorless, non-toxic, impact resistant, easy to color and machinable.
Plastic strength can be compared to pine. Printed models are durable, suitable
for use from -40 to 80°C, but they are resistless to direct sunlight. Compared
to PLA plastic, it is difficult to use for printing it – during the printing it cools
and deforms.
 PLA plastic:
It is the most ecological plastic used for 3D printing. This plastic is stronger than
ABS plastic, resistant to decay, but it is a bit fragile. It is easy to use for
printing, parts do not deform and are odorless. The ecology has its price. PLA
is non-durable, when it is exposed by moisture and sunlight, it gradually
(during the two years) disintegrates. So it is unsuitable under outdoors
conditions. The ambient temperature cannot be more than 50°C.

3D printing stages
Postprinting processes. (The removal of supported systems,
thermal processing, hardening, painting, polishing…)

3D printing future
We can find a lot of new and very innovative companies every day.
They are usually:
- 3D printers producers;
- Software developers;
- Producers and suppliers of materials for 3D printing;
- Service providers (providing a variety of products on request);
- Specialized manufacturers and service providers ( for example, in
medical, dental, design, engineering and food industry).

MakerBot replicator Z18
Technicial data:
PLA printing material is used for printing;
It is used FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling);
The volume of the printed object is 42512 cm³ (30,5 I x 30,5 G x 45,7 A) cm;
Enclosed and heated printing chamber;
The diameter of printing material is 1,75 mm;
Printing material Makerbot. The coil sizes of materials:
 L: 0,90 kg
 XL: 2,26 kg arba XXL: 4,53 kg (necessary Makerbot plastic container)
Minimum molded thickness ≤ 0,1mm;
File types: STL, OBJ, THING;
Setup options: Wi-Fi, USB, internal network (Ethernet);
Integrated video camera, resolution 320 x 240.

Website:
http://store.makerbot.com/replicator-z18
Printer software:
http://www.makerbot.com/desktop
https://ultimaker.com/en/products/cura-software

Printing step by step
File preparing
Printer preparing
Printing

3D Design and Printing

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